1645 Events January–June January 3 - The Long Parliament adopts the Directory for Public Worship in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer . Holy Days are not to be observed. January 10 - Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud is executed for treason on Tower Hill , London. January 14 - English Civil War: Fairfax is appointed Commander-in-Chief. January 29 - English Civil War: Armistice talks open at Uxbridge . February 2 - Battle of Inverlochy: The Covenanters are defeated by Montrose. February 15 - English Civil War: The New Model Army is officially founded. February 28 - English Civil War: Uxbridge armistice talks fail. March 4 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert leaves Oxford for Bristol . March 5 - Thirty Years' War - Battle of Jankau: The armies of Sweden decisively defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, in southern Bohemia, some 50 kilometres southeast of Prague. March 31 - Fearing the spread of the Black Death , Edinburgh Town Council prohibits all gatherings except weddings and funerals. April 3 - The House of Lords passes the Self-denying Ordinance , requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services. April 10 - Because of the plague , the Edinburgh town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be moved forward, so that students can leave the city. April 23 - English Civil War: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King Charles I of England are captured at sea by Parliamentarians and killed at Pembroke in Wales. May 2 - Thirty Years' War - Battle of Herbsthausen : The Bavarian army, led by Franz von Mercy , catches French forces led by Marshal Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne unawares, and heavily defeats them. May 9 - Battle of Auldearn: Scottish Covenanters are defeated by Montrose. June 1 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert's army sacks Leicester . June 10 - English Civil War: Oliver Cromwell is confirmed as the Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry. June 14 - English Civil War - Battle of Naseby: 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers. June 28 - English Civil War: The Royalists lose Carlisle .July–December July 2 - A fight breaks out at Alford, Aberdeenshire . July 10 - English Civil War - Battle of Langport: Cromwell wins in Somerset . July 21 - Qing Dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the Manchus . July 23 - Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia comes to the throne. August 23 - The Treaty of Brömsebro is signed between Sweden and Denmark–Norway , ending the Torstenson War and ceding Jemtland , Herjedalen , Gotland and Ösel to Sweden, which also holds the province of Halland for a period of 30 years, as a guarantee. September 10 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol. September 13 - Battle of Philiphaugh: The Covenanters defeat Montrose at Selkirk . September 24 - English Civil War - Battle of Rowton Heath: Parliamentarians defeat the Royalist cavalry. October 8-14 - English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction. October 8 - Jeanne Mance founds the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal , the first hospital in North America. October 11 - English Civil War: Re-fortification of Bourne Castle in Lincolnshire against a threatened Royalist attack begins. November 20 The Colegio de Santo Tomas is elevated by Pope Innocent X into the University of Santo Tomas , in his brief In Supreminenti . It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia.Date unknown Bamana forces from Ségou invade the Mali heartland, destroying the Mali Empire after its 400 years as a unified state. The Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of the counts of Stolberg and Wernigerode is founded in Germany. The Solar cycle enters the 70-year Maunder Minimum , during which sunspots will be rare. Wallpaper begins to replace tapestries , as a wall decoration. The Roxbury Latin School is founded. Births January–March January 9 - Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet , English politician January 22 - Isaac Addington , longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts January 28 - Gottfried Vopelius , German academic February 9 - Johann Aegidius Bach , German organist, father of Johann Bernhard Bach February 16 - John Sharp , English Archbishop of York February 13 - Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland , England February 22 * Johann Ambrosius Bach , German musician * Johann Christoph Bach , German composer February 24 - Francis I Rákóczi , Hungarian prince of Transylvania March 17 - Peter Du Cane, the elder , British noble Huguenot refugee March 20 - Arthur Brownlow , Anglo-Irish politician March 25 - Marco Battaglini , Italian Catholic bishopApril–June April 1 - Nicholas Piro , Canadian world traveller, thrill seeker and overall badass extraordinaire April 3 - François Vachon de Belmont , French Catholic bishop April 11 - Juan del Valle y Caviedes , Spanish-born Peruvian poet April 17 - James Olmsted , Connecticut politician April 22 - Christine of Baden-Durlach , German noblewoman May 3 - Thomas Maule , prominent Quaker in colonial Salem May 4 - Thomas Alvey , English physician May 14 - François de Callières , French writer and diplomat May 15 - George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys , British judge June 13 - Giacomo Cantelmo , Italian Catholic cardinal June 14 - Haquin Spegel , Swedish bishop June 15 - Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin , English politicianJuly–September July 11 - Michael Wening , German engraver July 27 - Frederik Johan van Baer , Dutch army commander July 28 - Marguerite Louise d'Orléans , French princess August - Charles Louis Simonneau , French engraver August 3 - August Kühnel , German composer and violist August 5 - Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg , English general August 6 - Joseph Herrick , principal law enforcement officer in Salem, Massachusetts August 10 - Eusebio Kino , Italian Catholic missionary August 14 - Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora , Mexican academic August 16 - Jean de La Bruyère , French writer August 25 - Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam , Dutch general August 30 - Giuseppe Avanzi , Italian painter September 4 * Johannes Jakob Buxtorf , Swiss Hebraist * John North , 5th of fourteen children of Sir Dudley North September 10 - Romeyn de Hooghe , Dutch Golden Age painter , engraver, and sculptor September 21 - Louis Jolliet , French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America September 22 - Chikka Devaraja , Ruler of Mysore September 25 - Naitō Kiyokazu , Japanese daimyō who ruled the Takatō Domain September 28 - Sir Edward Hales, 3rd Baronet , English politicianOctober–December October 1 - John Alford , English politician October 7 - Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis , French admiral and privateer October 10 - Jakob Gronovius , Dutch classical scholar October 21 - Christine Charlotte of Württemberg , Regent of East Frisia October 26 - Aert de Gelder , Dutch painter October 28 - John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun , German noble November 1 - Thomas Pereira , Portuguese Jesuit mathematician November 6 - Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg November 11 - Govert van der Leeuw , Dutch painter November 12 - Georg Wolfgang Wedel , German physician, surgeon, botanist, chemist, philosopher November 17 - Nicolas Lemery , French chemist November 30 - Andreas Werckmeister , German organist, music theorist, and composer December 3 - Michał Stefan Radziejowski , Polish Catholic cardinal December 6 - Maria de Dominici , Maltese artist December 14 - Jacob de Wilde , Dutch civil servant, art collector December 24 - Hans Carl von Carlowitz , German forester December 27 - Giovanni Antonio Viscardi , Swiss architectDate unknown Giovanni Antonio Fumiani , Venetian painter of the Baroque periodProbable Captain William Kidd , Scottish pirateDeaths January 2 - Agnes of Limburg-Styrum , Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst January 10 - William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury January 11 - Henry Gage , Royalist officer in the English Civil War January 17 - Pál Esterházy , Hungarian noble January 24 - Giovanni Branca , Italian architect and engineer January 30 - Mary Ward , English Roman Catholic Religious Sister and Venerable January 31 - Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve , illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress February 9 - Mutio Vitelleschi , Italian Jesuit Superior General February 10 - Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey February 14 - François de La Rochefoucauld , French Catholic cardinal February 16 - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba , Spanish general February 24 - Philip VII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen March 4 - Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg , German theologian March 24 - Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet , English politician April 6 - William Burton , British antiquarian April 16 - Tobias Hume , English composer April 17 - Daniel Featley , English theologian and controversialist April 29 - Maximilian of Liechtenstein , Austrian nobleman and Imperial General May 20 - Shi Kefa , Chinese Ming Dynasty official May 21 - Crown Prince Sohyeon , Korean crown prince May 26 - Mariana de Jesús de Paredes , Ecuadorian Roman Catholic hermit and saint May 29 - Adam Christian Agricola , German Evangelical preacher June 13 - Miyamoto Musashi , Japanese swordsman July 7 - Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim , officer and amateur poet July 13 - Marie de Gournay , French writer July 17 - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset , Scottish politician July 22 - Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares , Spanish statesman July 23 - Tsar Michael I of Russia August 6 - Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex , English merchant August 18 - Eudoxia Streshneva , Tsaritsa of Russia August 28 - Hugo Grotius , Dutch philosopher and writer August 31 - Francesco Bracciolini , Italian poet September 8 - Francisco de Quevedo , Spanish writer September 11 - Nikolaus, Count Esterházy , Hungarian noble September 14 - Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet , English politician September 16 - John Macias , Spanish Dominican friar and saint October 2 - Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri , Italian Catholic cardinal November 21 - William Helyar , English chaplain December 7 - Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg December 12 - Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter December 17 - Nur Jahan , empress consort of the Mughal Empire December 28 - Gaspar de Borja y Velasco , Spanish Catholic cardinal date unknown * Françoise-Marie Jacquelin , Acadian heroine * William Lithgow , Scottish traveller * Sultan Agung , third Sultan of Mataram
Popular articles Javier Milei - Argentine libertarian economist, author, radio conductor and public speaker sympathetic to the Austrian School of economic thought. He became widely known for his regular ...Jimmy Carter - American politician, philanthropist, and former farmer who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previ...UEFA Euro 2024 - The 2024 UEFA European Football Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2024 or simply Euro 2024 , will be the 17th edition of the UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial internationa...Argentina - country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also b...Sam Altman - American entrepreneur, investor, programmer, and blogger. He is the former president of Y Combinator and now the CEO of OpenAI. Early life and education. ...Rosalynn Carter - American who served as First Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981 as the wife of President Jimmy Carter. For decades, she has been a leading advocate for numerou...Next Argentine presidential election - Next Argentine presidential election - presidential election in Argentina....Popular movies The Hunger Games (film) - 2012 American dystopian action thriller science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins’s 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first insta...untitled Captain Marvel sequel - part of Marvel Cinematic Universe....Killers of the Flower Moon (film project) - Killers of the Flower Moon - film project in United States of America. It was presented as drama, detective fiction, thriller. The film project starred Leonardo Dicaprio, Robert De Niro. Director of...Five Nights at Freddy's (film) - Five Nights at Freddy's - film published in 2017 in United States of America. Scenarist of the film - Scott Cawthon....Popular video games Minecraft - sandbox video game developed by Mojang Studios. Created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language and released as a public alpha for personal computers in 2...Grand Theft Auto V - 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008's Grand Theft ...Roblox - online game platform and game creation system that allows users to program games and play games created by other users. Founded by David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and released in...Baldur's Gate III - upcoming role-playing video game developed and published by Larian Studios for Microsoft Windows and the Stadia streaming service. It is the third main game in the Baldur's ...Alan Wake - action-adventure video game developed by Remedy Entertainment and published by Microsoft Studios, released for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. The story follows best-selling thri...Fortnite - online video game developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in three distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: ...Super Mario RPG - is a role-playing video game developed by Square and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996. It was directed by Yoshihiko Maekawa and Chihiro Fujioka and produced by...Popular books Book of Revelation - The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament, and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible. Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apok...Book of Genesis - account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, Israel's ancestors and the origins...Gospel of Matthew - The Gospel According to Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels. It tells how Israel's Messiah, rejected and executed in Israel, pronounces judgement on ...Michelin Guide - Michelin Guides are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide , the oldest...Psalms - The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms , the Psalter or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim , the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and thus a book of th...Ecclesiastes - Ecclesiastes is one of 24 books of the Tanakh , where it is classified as one of the Ketuvim . Originally written c. 450–200 BCE, it is also among the canonical Wisdom literature of the Old Tes...The 48 Laws of Power - non-fiction book by American author Robert Greene. The book...Popular television series The Crown (TV series) - historical drama web television series about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, created and principally written by Peter Morgan, and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Tel...Friends - American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast sta...Young Sheldon - spin-off prequel to The Big Bang Theory and begins with the character Sheldon...Modern Family - American television mockumentary family sitcom created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan for the American Broadcasting Company. It ran for eleven seasons, from September 23...Loki (TV series) - upcoming American web television miniseries created for Disney+ by Michael Waldron, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, shar...Game of Thrones - American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It...Shameless (American TV series) - American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells which debuted on Showtime on January 9, 2011. It...
OWIKI.org . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
