February 10

Events

• 1258 - Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
• 1306 - In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn sparking the revolution in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
• 1355 - The St Scholastica Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.
• 1502 - Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on his second voyage to India.
• 1567 - Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is found strangled following an explosion at the Kirk o' Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland, a suspected assassination.
• 1712 - Huilliches in Chiloé rebel against Spanish encomenderos.
• 1763 - French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Quebec to Great Britain.
• 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Champaubert ends in French victory over the Russians and the Prussians.
• 1840 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
• 1846 - First Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Sobraon: British defeat Sikhs in the final battle of the war.
• 1861 - Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
• 1862 - American Civil War: A Union naval flotilla destroys the bulk of the Confederate Mosquito Fleet in the Battle of Elizabeth City on the Pasquotank River in North Carolina.
• 1906 -, the first of a revolutionary new breed of battleships is christened and launched by King Edward VII.
• 1920 - Józef Haller de Hallenburg performs symbolic wedding of Poland to the sea, celebrating restitution of Polish access to open sea.
• 1920 - About 75 % of the population in Zone I votes to join Denmark in the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites.
• 1923 - Texas Tech University is founded as Texas Technological College in Lubbock, Texas
• 1930 - The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng launches the failed Yên Bái mutiny in hope to overthrow French protectorate over Vietnam.
• 1933 - In round 13 of a boxing match at New York City's Madison Square Garden, Primo Carnera knocks out Ernie Schaaf. Schaaf dies four days later.
• 1936 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italian troops launched the Battle of Amba Aradam against Ethiopian defenders.
• 1939 - Spanish Civil War: The Nationalists conclude their conquest of Catalonia and seal the border with France.
• 1940 - The Soviet Union begins mass deportations of Polish citizens from occupied eastern Poland to Siberia.
• 1940 - Cartoon characters Tom and Jerry make their debut with Puss Gets the Boot.
• 1942 - World War II: Imperial Japanese Army capture Banjarmasin, capital of Borneo in Dutch East Indies.
• 1943 - World War II: Attempting to completely lift the Siege of Leningrad, the Soviet Red Army engages German troops and Spanish volunteers in the Battle of Krasny Bor.
• 1947 - The Paris Peace Treaties are signed by Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland and the Allies of World War II.
• 1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower warns against United States intervention in Vietnam.
• 1962 - Cold War: Captured American U2 spy-plane pilot Gary Powers is exchanged for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.
• 1962 - Roy Lichtenstein's first solo exhibition opened, and it included Look Mickey, which featured his first employment of Ben-Day dots, speech balloons and comic imagery sourcing, all of which he is now known for.
• 1964 - Melbourne–Voyager collision: The aircraft carrier collides with and sinks the destroyer off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, killing 82.
• 1967 - The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.
• 1972 - Ras Al Khaimah joins the United Arab Emirates, now making up seven emirates.
• 1984 - Kenyan soldiers kill an estimated 5000 ethnic Somali Kenyans in the Wagalla massacre.
• 1989 - Ron Brown is elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee becoming the first African American to lead a major American political party.
• 1996 - IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.
• 2003 - France and Belgium break the NATO procedure of silent approval concerning the timing of protective measures for Turkey in case of a possible war with Iraq.
• 2007 - Then Illinois senator Barack Obama announces his candidacy for president in the 2008 elections, which he later goes on to win.
• 2009 - The communications satellites Iridium 33 and Kosmos 2251 collide in orbit, destroying both.
• 2013 - Thirty-six people are killed and 39 others are injured in a stampede in Allahabad, India, during the Kumbh Mela festival.
• 2016 - South Korea decides to stop the operation of the Kaesong joint industrial complex with North Korea in response to the launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4.
• 2018 - 19 people are killed and 66 injured when a Kowloon Motor Bus double decker on route 872 in Hong Kong overturns.

  Births

• 1486 - George of the Palatinate, German bishop
• 1499 - Thomas Platter, Swiss author and scholar
• 1514 - Domenico Bollani, Bishop of Milan
• 1606 - Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy
• 1609 - John Suckling, English poet and playwright
• 1627 - Cornelis de Bie, Flemish poet and jurist
• 1685 - Aaron Hill, English poet and playwright
• 1696 - Johann Melchior Molter, German violinist and composer
• 1744 - William Cornwallis, English admiral and politician
• 1766 - Benjamin Smith Barton, American botanist and physician
• 1775 - Charles Lamb, English poet and essayist
• 1785 - Claude-Louis Navier, French physicist and engineer
• 1795 - Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French painter and academic
• 1797 - George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall
• 1821 - Roberto Bompiani, Italian painter and sculptor
• 1824 - Samuel Plimsoll, English merchant and politician
• 1842 - Agnes Mary Clerke, Irish astronomer and author
• 1843 - Adelina Patti, Italian-French opera singer
• 1846 - Lord Charles Beresford, Irish admiral and politician
• 1846 - Ira Remsen, American chemist and academic
• 1847 - Nabinchandra Sen, Bangladeshi poet and author
• 1859 - Alexandre Millerand, French lawyer and politician, 12th President of France
• 1867 - Robert Garran, Australian lawyer and public servant
• 1868 - Prince Waldemar of Prussia
• 1868 - William Allen White, American journalist and author
• 1869 - Royal Cortissoz, American art critic
• 1879 - Ernst Põdder, Estonian general
• 1881 - Pauline Brunius, Swedish actress and director
• 1883 - Edith Clarke, American electrical engineer
• 1883 - H.V. Hordern, Australian cricketer
• 1889 - Cevdet Sunay, Turkish general and politician, 5th President of Turkey
• 1890 - Fanny Kaplan, Ukrainian-Russian activist
• 1890 - Boris Pasternak, Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator Nobel Prize laureate
• 1892 - Alan Hale Sr., American actor and director
• 1893 - Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer, and pianist
• 1893 - Bill Tilden, American tennis player and coach
• 1894 - Harold Macmillan, English captain and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1897 - Judith Anderson, Australian actress
• 1897 - John Franklin Enders, American virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1898 - Bertolt Brecht, German director, playwright, and poet
• 1898 - Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author
• 1901 - Stella Adler, American actress and educator
• 1902 - Walter Houser Brattain, Chinese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1903 - Waldemar Hoven, German physician
• 1903 - Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer and manager
• 1904 - John Farrow, Australian-American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1905 - Walter A. Brown, American businessman, founded the Boston Celtics
• 1905 - Chick Webb, American drummer and bandleader
• 1906 - Lon Chaney Jr., American actor
• 1907 - Anthony Cottrell, New Zealand rugby player
• 1908 - Jean Coulthard, Canadian composer and educator
• 1909 - Min Thu Wun, Burmese poet, scholar, and politician
• 1910 - Dominique Pire, Belgian friar, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1914 - Larry Adler, American harmonica player, composer, and actor
• 1915 - Vladimir Zeldin, Russian actor
• 1919 - Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece
• 1920 - Alex Comfort, English physician and author
• 1920 - Neva Patterson, American actress
• 1920 - José Manuel Castañón, Spanish lawyer and author
• 1922 - Árpád Göncz, Hungarian author, playwright, and politician, 1st President of Hungary
• 1922 - José Gabriel da Costa later known as Mestre Gabriel, Brazilian spiritual leader, founder of the União do Vegetal
• 1923 - Allie Sherman, American football player and coach
• 1924 - Max Ferguson, Canadian radio host and actor
• 1924 - Bud Poile, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1925 - Pierre Mondy, French actor and director
• 1926 - Sidney Bryan Berry, American general
• 1926 - Danny Blanchflower, Northern Irish soldier, footballer and manager
• 1927 - Leontyne Price, American operatic soprano
• 1929 - Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor
• 1929 - Jim Whittaker, American mountaineer
• 1929 - Lou Whittaker, American mountaineer
• 1930 - E. L. Konigsburg, American author and illustrator
• 1930 - Robert Wagner, American actor and producer
• 1931 - James Edward Maceo West, American inventor and acoustician
• 1932 - Barrie Ingham, English-American actor
• 1933 - Richard Schickel, American journalist, author, and critic
• 1933 - Faramarz Payvar, Iranian santur player and composer
• 1935 - Theodore Antoniou, Greek composer and conductor
• 1937 - Anne Anderson, Scottish physiologist and academic
• 1937 - Roberta Flack, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1939 - Adrienne Clarkson, Hong Kong-Canadian journalist and politician, 26th Governor General of Canada
• 1939 - Deolinda Rodríguez de Almeida, Angolan nationalist
• 1940 - Mary Rand, English sprinter and long jumper
• 1940 - Kenny Rankin, American singer-songwriter
• 1941 - Michael Apted, English director and producer
• 1944 - Peter Allen, Australian singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor
• 1944 - Frank Keating, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Oklahoma
• 1944 - Frances Moore Lappé, American author and activist
• 1944 - Rufus Reid, American bassist and composer
• 1945 - Delma S. Arrigoitia, Puerto Rican historian, author, educator and lawyer
• 1947 - Louise Arbour, Canadian lawyer and jurist
• 1947 - Butch Morris, American cornet player, composer, and conductor
• 1947 - Nicholas Owen, English journalist
• 1949 - Nigel Olsson, English rock drummer and singer-songwriter
• 1950 - Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican economist and politician
• 1950 - Mark Spitz, American swimmer
• 1951 - Bob Iger, American media executive
• 1952 - Lee Hsien Loong, Singaporean general and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Singapore
• 1955 - Jim Cramer, American television personality, pundit, and author
• 1955 - Greg Norman, Australian golfer and sportscaster
• 1956 - Enele Sopoaga, Tuvaluan politician, 12th Prime Minister of Tuvalu
• 1957 - Katherine Freese, American astrophysicist and academic
• 1959 - John Calipari, American basketball player and coach
• 1960 - Jim Kent, American biologist, computer programmer, academic
• 1961 - Alexander Payne, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 - George Stephanopoulos, American television journalist
• 1962 - Randy Velischek, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1962 - Cliff Burton, American heavy metal bassist
• 1963 - Lenny Dykstra, American baseball player
• 1964 - Glenn Beck, American journalist, producer, and author
• 1966 - Natalie Bennett, Australian-English journalist and politician
• 1966 - Daryl Johnston, American football player and sportscaster
• 1967 - Laura Dern, American actress, director, and producer
• 1967 - Jacky Durand, French cyclist and sportscaster
• 1967 - Vince Gilligan, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1968 - Peter Popovic, Swedish ice hockey player and coach
• 1968 - Garrett Reisman, American engineer and astronaut
• 1969 - Joe Mangrum, American painter and sculptor
• 1969 - James Small, South African rugby player
• 1970 - Melissa Doyle, Australian journalist and author
• 1970 - Noureddine Naybet, Moroccan international footballer, central defender and manager
• 1970 - Åsne Seierstad, Norwegian journalist and author
• 1971 - Lorena Rojas, Mexican actress and singer
• 1972 - Michael Kasprowicz, Australian cricketer
• 1973 - Martha Lane Fox, Baroness Lane-Fox of Soho, English businesswoman and politician
• 1974 - Elizabeth Banks, American actress
• 1974 - Ty Law, American football player
• 1974 - Ivri Lider, Israeli singer
• 1974 - Henry Paul, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1976 - Lance Berkman, American baseball player and coach
• 1976 - Keeley Hawes, English actress
• 1977 - Salif Diao, Senegalese footballer
• 1979 - Joey Hand, American race car driver
• 1980 - César Izturis, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1980 - Enzo Maresca, Italian footballer
• 1980 - Mike Ribeiro, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1981 - Uzo Aduba, American actress
• 1981 - Stephanie Beatriz, American actress
• 1981 - Andrew Johnson, English international footballer, forward and club ambassador
• 1981 - Holly Willoughby, English model and television host
• 1982 - Justin Gatlin, American sprinter
• 1982 - Tarmo Neemelo, Estonian footballer
• 1982 - Hamad Al-Tayyar, Kuwaiti footballer
• 1982 - Iafeta Paleaaesina, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1983 - Vic Fuentes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984 - Greg Bird, Australian rugby league player
• 1984 - Alex Gordon, American baseball player
• 1984 - Kim Hyo-jin, South Korean actress
• 1985 - Selçuk İnan, Turkish footballer
• 1985 - Paul Millsap, American basketball player
• 1986 - Jeff Adrien, American basketball player
• 1986 - Josh Akognon, American basketball player
• 1986 - Radamel Falcao, Colombian footballer
• 1986 - Roberto Jiménez Gago, Spanish footballer
• 1986 - Viktor Troicki, Serbian tennis player
• 1987 - Jakub Kindl, Czech ice hockey player
• 1987 - Facundo Roncaglia, Argentinian footballer
• 1988 - Francesco Acerbi, Italian footballer
• 1989 - Liam Hendriks, Australian baseball player
• 1990 - Barbara Guarischi, Italian cyclist
• 1990 - Choi Soo-young, South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer
• 1991 - Rebecca Dempster, Scottish footballer
• 1991 - Emma Roberts, American actress
• 1992 - Haruka Nakagawa, Japanese singer and actress
• 1992 - Reinhold Yabo, German footballer
• 1993 - Max Kepler, German baseball player
• 1993 - Filip Twardzik, Czech footballer
• 1993 - Luis Madrigal, Mexican footballer
• 1994 - Kang Seul-gi, South Korean singer and member of Red Velvet
• 1995 – Carolane Soucisse, Canadian ice dancer
• 1996 - Emanuel Mammana, Argentinian footballer
• 1997 - Lilly King, American swimmer
• 1997 - Chloë Grace Moretz, American actress
• 1997 - Nadia Podoroska, Argentinian tennis player
• 2000 - Yara Shahidi, American actress and model

  Deaths

• 547 - Scholastica, Christian nun
• 1127 - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
• 1163 - Baldwin III of Jerusalem
• 1242 - Emperor Shijō of Japan
• 1242 - Saint Verdiana, Italian recluse
• 1280 - Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
• 1306 - John "the Red" Comyn, Scottish nobleman
• 1307 - Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan
• 1346 - Blessed Clare of Rimini
• 1471 - Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg
• 1524 - Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria
• 1526 - John V, Count of Oldenburg, German noble
• 1567 - Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots
• 1576 - Wilhelm Xylander, German scholar, translator, and academic
• 1686 - William Dugdale, English genealogist and historian
• 1755 - Montesquieu, French lawyer and philosopher
• 1782 - Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, German theologian and author
• 1829 - Pope Leo XII
• 1837 - Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet and author
• 1854 - José Joaquín de Herrera, Mexican politician and general. President three times
• 1857 - David Thompson, English-Canadian surveyor and explorer
• 1865 - Heinrich Lenz, Estonian-Italian physicist and academic
• 1879 - Honoré Daumier, French illustrator and painter
• 1887 - Ellen Wood, English author
• 1891 - Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian-Swedish mathematician and physicist
• 1904 - John A. Roche, American lawyer and politician, 30th Mayor of Chicago
• 1906 - Ezra Butler Eddy, American-Canadian businessman and politician
• 1912 - Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, English surgeon and academic
• 1913 - Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek long jumper
• 1917 - John William Waterhouse, English soldier and painter
• 1918 - Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman sultan
• 1918 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian soldier and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1920 - Henry Strangways, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of South Australia
• 1923 - Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1928 - José Sánchez del Río, Mexican martyr and saint
• 1932 - Edgar Wallace, English author and screenwriter
• 1939 - Pope Pius XI
• 1944 - E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and chess player
• 1945 - Anacleto Díaz, Filipino lawyer and jurist
• 1950 - Marcel Mauss, French sociologist and anthropologist
• 1956 - Leonora Speyer, American poet and violinist
• 1956 - Emmanouil Tsouderos, Greek banker and politician, 132nd Prime Minister of Greece
• 1957 - Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author
• 1960 - Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian cardinal
• 1966 - Billy Rose, American composer and songwriter
• 1967 - Dionysios Kokkinos, Greek historian and author
• 1975 - Nikos Kavvadias, Greek sailor and poet
• 1979 - Edvard Kardelj, Slovene general and politician, 2nd Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia
• 1992 - Alex Haley, American soldier, journalist, and author
• 1993 - Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist and academic
• 1995 - Paul Monette, American author, poet, and activist
• 1997 - Brian Connolly, Scottish musician, lead singer The Sweet
• 2000 - Jim Varney, American actor, comedian and writer
• 2001 - Abraham Beame, American academic and politician, 104th Mayor of New York City
• 2001 - Buddy Tate, American saxophonist and clarinet player
• 2002 - Dave Van Ronk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 2003 - Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer
• 2003 - Albert J. Ruffo, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of San Jose
• 2003 - Ron Ziegler, American politician, 14th White House Press Secretary
• 2005 - Arthur Miller, American actor, playwright, and author
• 2006 - James Yancey, American record producer and rapper
• 2008 - Roy Scheider, American actor and boxer
• 2010 - Fred Schaus, American basketball player and coach
• 2010 - Charles Wilson, American lieutenant and politician
• 2011 - Trevor Bailey, English cricketer and journalist
• 2012 - Lloyd Morrison, New Zealand banker and businessman, founded H. R. L. Morrison & Co
• 2012 - Jeffrey Zaslow, American journalist and author
• 2013 - W. Watts Biggers, American author, screenwriter, and animator
• 2013 - David Hartman, American-Israeli rabbi and philosopher, founded the Shalom Hartman Institute
• 2014 - Stuart Hall, Jamaican-English sociologist and theorist
• 2014 - Shirley Temple, American actress and diplomat
• 2015 - Naseer Aruri, Palestinian scholar and activist
• 2015 - Karl Josef Becker, German cardinal and theologian
• 2015 - Deng Liqun, Chinese theorist and politician
• 2016 - Fatima Surayya Bajia, Indian-Pakistani author and playwright
• 2017 - Mike Ilitch, American businessman
• 2019 - Carmen Argenziano, American actor
• 2019 - Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor

  Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
• *Austrebertha
• *Charalambos
• *José Sánchez del Río
• *Scholastica
• *February 10
• Feast of St. Paul's Shipwreck
• Fenkil Day
• Kurdish Authors Union Day
• National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe