August 31 Events 1056 - After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty . 1057 - Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year. 1218 - Al-Kamil becomes sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty . 1314 - King Haakon V of Norway moves the capital from Bergen to Oslo . 1422 - King Henry V of England dies of dysentery while in France. His son, Henry VI becomes King of England at the age of nine months. 1776 - William Livingston , the first Governor of New Jersey , begins serving his first term. 1795 - War of the First Coalition: The British capture Trincomalee from the Dutch in order to keep it out of French hands. 1798 - Irish Rebellion: Irish rebels, with French assistance, establish the short-lived Republic of Connacht . 1813 - At the final stage of the Peninsular War , British-Portuguese troops capture the town of Donostia, resulting in a rampage and eventual destruction of the town. Elsewhere, Spanish troops repel a French attack in the Battle of San Marcial . 1864 - During the American Civil War , Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta . 1876 - Ottoman Sultan Murad V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II . 1886 - The 7.0 Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X. Sixty people killed with damage estimated at $5–6 million. 1888 - Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is the first of Jack the Ripper's confirmed victims. 1895 - German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his navigable balloon . 1897 - Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope , the first movie projector. 1907 - Russia and the United Kingdom sign the Anglo-Russian Convention , by which the UK recognizes Russian preeminence in northern Persia, while Russia recognizes British preeminence in southeastern Persia and Afghanistan. Both powers pledge not to interfere in Tibet. 1918 - World War I: Start of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin , a successful assault by the Australian Corps during the Hundred Days Offensive . 1920 - Polish–Soviet War: A decisive Polish victory in the Battle of Komarów . 1935 - In an attempt to stay out of the growing tensions concerning Germany and Japan, the United States passes the first of its Neutrality Acts . 1936 - Radio Prague , now the official international broadcasting station of the Czech Republic, goes on the air. 1939 - Nazi Germany mounts a false flag attack on the Gleiwitz radio station , creating an excuse to attack Poland the following day, thus starting World War II in Europe . 1940 - Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 19 crashes near Lovettsville, Virginia . The CAB investigation of the accident is the first investigation to be conducted under the Bureau of Air Commerce act of 1938 . 1941 - World War II: Serbian paramilitary forces defeat Germans in the Battle of Loznica . 1943 -, the first U.S. Navy ship to be named after a black person, is commissioned. 1949 - The retreat of the Democratic Army of Greece in Albania after its defeat on Gramos mountain marks the end of the Greek Civil War . 1957 - The Federation of Malaya gains its independence from the United Kingdom . 1959 - A parcel bomb sent by Ngô Đình Nhu , younger brother and chief adviser of South Vietnamese President Ngô Đình Diệm , fails to kill King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia . 1962 - Trinidad and Tobago becomes independent. 1963 - Crown Colony of North Borneo achieves self governance . 1986 - Aeroméxico Flight 498 collides with a Piper PA-28 Cherokee over Cerritos, California , killing 67 in the air and 15 on the ground . 1986 - The Soviet passenger liner sinks in the Black Sea after colliding with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev , killing 423. 1987 - Thai Airways Flight 365 crashes into the ocean near Ko Phuket , Thailand, killing all 83 aboard. 1988 - Delta Air Lines Flight 1141 crashes during takeoff from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , killing 14. 1991 - Kyrgyzstan declares its independence from the Soviet Union . 1993 - Russia completes removing its troops from Lithuania . 1994 - Russia completes removing its troops from Estonia. 1996 - Saddam Hussein's troops seized Irbil after the Kurdish Masoud Barzani appealed for help to defeat his Kurdish rival PUK . 1997 - Diana, Princess of Wales , her companion Dodi Fayed and driver Henri Paul die in a car crash in Paris. 1999 - The first of a series of bombings in Moscow kills one person and wounds 40 others. 1999 - A LAPA Boeing 737-200 crashes during takeoff from Jorge Newbury Airport in Buenos Aires , killing 65, including two on the ground. 2005 - The 2005 Al-Aaimmah bridge stampede in Baghdad kills 953 people. 2006 - Edvard Munch's famous painting The Scream , stolen on August 22, 2004 , is recovered in a raid by Norwegian police. 2016 - Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff is impeached and removed from office.Births AD 12 - Caligula , Roman emperor 161 - Commodus , Roman emperor 1018 - Jeongjong II , Korean ruler 1168 - Zhang Zong , Chinese emperor 1542 - Isabella de' Medici , Italian princess 1569 - Jahangir , Mughal emperor 1652 - Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga , Italian nobleman 1663 - Guillaume Amontons , French physicist and instrument maker 1721 - George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol , English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1741 - Jean-Paul-Égide Martini , French composer and educator 1748 - Jean-Étienne Despréaux , French ballet dancer, choreographer, composer, and playwright 1767 - Henry Joy McCracken , Irish businessman and activist, founded the Society of United Irishmen 1775 - Agnes Bulmer , English poet and author 1797 - Stephen Geary , English architect, inventor and entrepreneur 1802 - Husein Gradaščević , Ottoman general 1821 - Hermann von Helmholtz , German physician and physicist 1823 - Galusha A. Grow, American lawyer and politician, 28th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives 1834 - Amilcare Ponchielli , Italian composer and educator 1842 - Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, American journalist, publisher, and activist 1843 - Georg von Hertling , German academic and politician, 7th Chancellor of the German Empire 1870 - Maria Montessori , Italian physician and educator 1871 - James E. Ferguson, American banker and politician, 26th Governor of Texas 1878 - Frank Jarvis , American sprinter and lawyer 1879 - Alma Mahler , Austrian-American composer and author 1879 - Taishō , emperor of Japan 1880 - Wilhelmina , queen of the Netherlands 1884 - George Sarton , Belgian-American historian of science 1885 - DuBose Heyward , American author and playwright 1890 - August Alle , Estonian poet and author 1893 - Lily Laskine , French harp player 1894 - Albert Facey , Australian soldier and author 1896 - Brian Edmund Baker , English Air Marshal 1896 - Félix-Antoine Savard , Canadian priest and author 1897 - Fredric March , American lieutenant, actor, and singer 1900 - Gino Lucetti , Italian anarchist, attempted assassin of Benito Mussolini 1902 - Géza Révész , Hungarian general and politician, Hungarian Minister of Defence 1903 - Arthur Godfrey , American radio and television host 1903 - Vladimir Jankélévitch , French musicologist and philosopher 1905 - Robert Bacher , American physicist and academic 1905 - Sanford Meisner , American actor and educator 1907 - Valter Biiber , Estonian footballer 1907 - Augustus F. Hawkins, American lawyer and politician 1907 - Ramon Magsaysay , Filipino captain, engineer, and politician, 7th President of the Philippines 1907 - William Shawn , American journalist 1907 - Altiero Spinelli , Italian theorist and politician 1908 - William Saroyan , American novelist, playwright, and short story writer 1909 - Ferenc Fejtő , Hungarian-French journalist and political scientist 1911 - Edward Brongersma , Dutch journalist and politician 1911 - Arsenio Rodríguez , Cuban-American tres player, composer, and bandleader 1913 - Helen Levitt , American photographer and cinematographer 1913 - Bernard Lovell , English physicist and astronomer 1914 - Richard Basehart , American actor 1915 - Pete Newell , American basketball player and coach 1916 - Danny Litwhiler , American baseball player and coach 1916 - Daniel Schorr , American journalist and author 1916 - John S. Wold, American geologist and politician 1918 - Alan Jay Lerner , American songwriter and composer 1919 - Amrita Pritam , Indian poet and author 1921 - Otis G. Pike, American judge and politician 1921 - Raymond Williams , Welsh author and academic 1924 - John Davidson , American physician and politician 1924 - Buddy Hackett , American actor and singer 1924 - Herbert Wise , Austrian-English director and producer 1925 - Moran Campbell , English-Canadian physician and academic, invented the venturi mask 1925 - Maurice Pialat , French actor and director 1928 - James Coburn , American actor 1928 - Jaime Sin , Filipino cardinal 1930 - Big Tiny Little , American pianist 1931 - Jean Béliveau , Canadian ice hockey player 1931 - Noble Willingham , American actor 1932 - Allan Fotheringham , Canadian journalist 1932 - Roy Castle , English dancer, singer, comedian, actor, television presenter and musician 1935 - Eldridge Cleaver , American activist and author 1935 - Bryan Organ , English painter 1935 - Frank Robinson , American baseball player and manager 1936 - Vladimir Orlov , Russian journalist and author 1937 - Warren Berlinger , American actor 1937 - Bobby Parker , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1938 - Martin Bell , English journalist and politician 1939 - Jerry Allison , American drummer and songwriter 1940 - Robbie Basho , American guitarist, pianist, and composer 1940 - Wilton Felder , American saxophonist and bass player 1940 - Larry Hankin , American actor, director, and producer 1940 - Roger Newman , English-American actor and screenwriter 1940 - Jack Thompson , Australian actor 1941 - William DeWitt, Jr., American businessman 1941 - Emmanuel Nunes , Portuguese-French composer and educator 1942 - Isao Aoki , Japanese golfer 1943 - Leonid Ivashov , Russian general 1944 - Roger Dean , English illustrator and publisher 1944 - Liz Forgan , English journalist 1944 - Christine King , English historian and academic 1944 - Clive Lloyd , Guyanese cricketer 1945 - Van Morrison , Northern Irish singer-songwriter 1945 - Itzhak Perlman , Israeli-American violinist and conductor 1945 - Bob Welch , American singer and guitarist 1946 - Ann Coffey , Scottish social worker and politician 1946 - Jerome Corsi , American theorist and author 1946 - Tom Coughlin , American football player and coach 1947 - Luca Cordero di Montezemolo , Italian businessman 1947 - Yumiko Ōshima , Japanese author and illustrator 1947 - Somchai Wongsawat , Thai lawyer and politician, 26th Prime Minister of Thailand 1948 - Harald Ertl , Austrian race car driver and journalist 1948 - Lowell Ganz , American screenwriter and producer 1948 - Ken McMullen , English director, producer, and screenwriter 1948 - Holger Osieck , German footballer and manager 1948 - Rudolf Schenker , German guitarist and songwriter 1949 - Richard Gere , American actor and producer 1949 - Hugh David Politzer , American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1949 - Rick Roberts , American country-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist 1951 - Grant Batty , New Zealand rugby player 1951 - Sirje Tamul , Estonian historian, author, and academic 1952 - Kim Kashkashian , American viola player and educator 1952 - Herbert Reul , German politician 1953 - Miguel Ángel Guerra , Argentinian race car driver 1953 - György Károly , Hungarian poet and author 1953 - Pavel Vinogradov , Russian astronaut and engineer 1954 - Julie Brown , American actress and screenwriter 1955 - Aleksander Krupa , Polish-American actor 1955 - Julie Maxton , Scottish lawyer and academic 1955 - Edwin Moses , American hurdler 1955 - Anthony Thistlethwaite , English saxophonist and bass player 1955 - Gary Webb , American journalist and author 1956 - Mária Balážová , Slovak painter and illustrator 1956 - Masashi Tashiro , Japanese singer, actor, and director 1956 - Tsai Ing-wen , Taiwanese politician and the President of the Republic of China 1957 - Colm O'Rourke , Irish footballer and sportscaster 1957 - Gina Schock , American drummer 1957 - Glenn Tilbrook , English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1958 - Serge Blanco , Venezuelan-French rugby player and businessman 1958 - Stephen Cottrell , English bishop 1959 - Ralph Krueger , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1959 - Jessica Upshaw , American lawyer and politician 1960 - Vali Ionescu , Romanian long jumper 1960 - Chris Whitley , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1960 - Hassan Nasrallah , Lebanese politician, 3rd Secretary-General of Hezbollah 1961 - Kieran Crowley , New Zealand rugby player 1961 - Magnus Ilmjärv , Estonian historian and author 1962 - Dee Bradley Baker , American voice actor 1963 - Reb Beach , American guitarist 1963 - Rituparno Ghosh , Indian actor, director, and screenwriter 1963 - Sonny Silooy , Dutch footballer and manager 1964 - Raymond P. Hammond, American poet and critic 1965 - Zsolt Borkai , Hungarian gymnast and politician 1965 - Susan Gritton , English soprano and actress 1966 - Lyuboslav Penev , Bulgarian footballer and manager 1967 - Gene Hoglan , American drummer 1967 - Anita Moen , Norwegian skier 1968 - Valdon Dowiyogo , Nauruan politician 1968 - Hideo Nomo , Japanese-American baseball player 1968 - Jolene Watanabe , American tennis player 1969 - Nathalie Bouvier , French skier 1969 - Jonathan LaPaglia , Australian actor and physician 1969 - Javagal Srinath , Indian cricketer and referee 1970 - Debbie Gibson , American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress 1970 - Nikola Gruevski , Macedonian economist and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia 1970 - Greg Mulholland , English politician 1970 - Queen Rania of Jordan 1970 - Arie van Lent , Dutch-German footballer and manager 1970 - Zack Ward , Canadian actor and producer 1971 - Kirstie Allsopp , British TV presenter 1971 - Pádraig Harrington , Irish golfer 1971 - Vadim Repin , Belgian-Russian violinist 1971 - Chris Tucker , American comedian and actor 1973 - Scott Niedermayer , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1974 - Andriy Medvedev , Ukrainian-Monégasque tennis player 1975 - Craig Cumming , New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster 1975 - John Grahame , American ice hockey player and coach 1976 - Vincent Delerm , French singer-songwriter and pianist 1976 - Roque Júnior , Brazilian footballer and manager 1976 - Radek Martínek , Czech ice hockey player 1977 - Jeff Hardy , American wrestler and singer 1977 - Ian Harte , Irish footballer 1977 - Craig Nicholls , Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1977 - Arzu Yanardağ , Turkish actress and model 1978 - Philippe Christanval , French footballer 1978 - Ido Pariente , Israeli mixed martial artist and trainer 1978 - Craig Stapleton , Australian rugby league player 1978 - Sandis Valters , Latvian basketball player 1978 - Morten Qvenild , Norwegian pianist and composer 1979 - Clay Hensley , American baseball player 1979 - Mark Johnston , Canadian swimmer 1979 - Simon Neil , Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1979 - Yuvan Shankar Raja , Indian singer-songwriter and producer 1979 - Ramón Santiago , Dominican baseball player 1979 - Mickie James , American wrestler 1980 - Joe Budden , American rapper 1981 - Ahmad Al Harthy , Omani race car driver 1981 - Dwayne Peel , Welsh rugby player 1981 - Steve Saviano , American ice hockey player 1982 - Ian Crocker , American swimmer 1982 - Chris Duhon , American basketball player 1982 - Lien Huyghebaert , Belgian sprinter 1982 - Christopher Katongo , Zambian footballer 1982 - Josh Kroeger , American baseball player 1982 - Alexei Mikhnov , Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player 1982 - Pepe Reina , Spanish footballer 1982 - Michele Rugolo , Italian race car driver 1982 - G. Willow Wilson, American journalist and author 1983 - Deniz Aydoğdu , German-Turkish footballer 1983 - Milan Biševac , Serbian footballer 1983 - Larry Fitzgerald , American football player 1984 - Matti Breschel , Danish cyclist 1984 - Ryan Kesler , American ice hockey player 1984 - Ted Ligety , American skier 1984 - Charl Schwartzel , South African golfer 1985 - Rolando , Portuguese footballer 1985 - Andrew Foster , Australian footballer 1985 - Mabel Matiz , Turkish singer 1985 - Mohammed bin Salman , Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia 1987 - Xavi Annunziata , Spanish footballer 1987 - Petros Kravaritis , Greek footballer 1987 - Ondřej Pavelec , Czech ice hockey player 1988 - Trent Hodkinson , Australian rugby league player 1988 - David Ospina , Colombian footballer 1988 - Ember Moon , Professional Wrestler 1989 - Dezmon Briscoe , American football player 1990 - Tadeja Majerič , Slovenian tennis player 1991 - António Félix da Costa , Portuguese race car driver 1991 - Cédric Soares , Portuguese footballer 1992 - Holly Earl , British actress 1992 - Tyler Randell , Australian rugby league player 1993 - Pablo Marí , Spanish football player 1993 - Ilnur Alshin , Russian football player 1993 - Anna Karnaukh , Russian water polo player 1994 - Alex Harris , Scottish footballer 1994 - Can Aktav , Turkish football playerDeaths 318 - Liu Cong , emperor of the Xiongnu state 577 - John Scholasticus , Byzantine patriarch and saint 651 - Aidan of Lindisfarne , Irish bishop and saint 731 - Ōtomo no Tabito , Japanese poet 894 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Ta'i , Muslim governor 970 - Han Xizai , Chinese official 1054 - Kunigunde of Altdorf , Frankish noblewoman 1056 - Theodora, Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire 1158 - Sancho III of Castile 1234 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan 1287 - Konrad von Würzburg , German poet 1324 - Henry II of Jerusalem 1372 - Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford , English soldier 1422 - Henry V of England 1450 - Isabella of Navarre, Countess of Armagnac 1502 - Thomas Wode , Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1528 - Matthias Grünewald , German artist 1645 - Francesco Bracciolini , Italian poet 1654 - Ole Worm , Danish physician and historian 1688 - John Bunyan , English preacher, theologian, and author 1730 - Gottfried Finger , Czech-German viol player and composer 1741 - Johann Gottlieb Heineccius , German academic and jurist 1772 - William Borlase , English geologist and historian 1795 - François-André Danican Philidor , French-English chess player and composer 1799 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin , French architect and academic, designed the Bernstorff Palace and Marienlyst Castle 1811 - Louis Antoine de Bougainville , French admiral and explorer 1814 - Arthur Phillip , English admiral and politician, 1st Governor of New South Wales 1817 - Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet , English admiral and politician, 39th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland 1818 - Robert Calder , Scottish admiral 1867 - Charles Baudelaire , French poet and critic 1869 - Mary Ward , Irish astronomer and entomologist 1884 - Robert Torrens , Irish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of South Australia 1908 - Leslie Green , English architect 1910 - Emīls Dārziņš , Latvian composer, conductor, and music critic 1912 - Jean, duc Decazes , French sailor 1920 - Wilhelm Wundt , German physician, psychologist, and philosopher 1924 - Todor Aleksandrov , Bulgarian soldier 1927 - Andranik , Armenian general 1937 – Ruth Baldwin , British socialite 1940 - Georges Gauthier , Canadian archbishop 1941 - Thomas Bavin , New Zealand-Australian politician, 24th Premier of New South Wales 1941 - Marina Tsvetaeva , Russian poet and author 1948 - Andrei Zhdanov , Russian civil servant and politician 1951 - Paul Demel , Czech actor 1952 - Henri Bourassa , Canadian publisher and politician 1954 - Elsa Barker , American author and poet 1963 - Georges Braque , French painter and sculptor 1965 - E. E. Smith, American engineer and author 1967 - Ilya Ehrenburg , Russian journalist and author 1968 - John Hartle , English motorcycle racer 1969 - Rocky Marciano , American boxer 1973 - John Ford , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1974 - William Pershing Benedict , American soldier and pilot 1974 - Norman Kirk , New Zealand engineer and politician, 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand 1978 - John Wrathall , Rhodesian accountant and politician, 2nd President of Rhodesia 1979 - Sally Rand , American actress and dancer 1979 - Tiger Smith , English cricketer and coach 1984 - Audrey Wagner , American baseball player, obstetrician, and gynecologist 1985 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Australian virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1986 - Elizabeth Coatsworth , American author and poet 1986 - Urho Kekkonen , Finnish journalist, lawyer, and politician, 8th President of Finland 1986 - Henry Moore , English sculptor and illustrator 1990 - Nathaniel Clifton , American basketball player and coach 1991 - Cliff Lumsdon , Canadian swimmer and coach 1997 - Dodi Fayed, Egyptian film producer 1997 - Diana, Princess of Wales 2000 - Lucille Fletcher , American screenwriter 2000 - Dolores Moore , American baseball player and educator 2002 - Lionel Hampton , American pianist, composer, and bandleader 2002 - Farhad Mehrad , Persian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and pianist 2002 - George Porter , English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 2005 - Joseph Rotblat , Polish-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 2006 - Mohamed Abdelwahab , Egyptian footballer 2006 - Tom Delaney , English race car driver and businessman 2007 - Gay Brewer , American golfer 2007 - Jean Jacques Paradis , Canadian general 2007 - Sulev Vahtre , Estonian historian and academic 2008 - Ken Campbell , English actor and screenwriter 2008 - Ike Pappas , American journalist 2008 - Victor Yates , New Zealand rugby player 2010 - Laurent Fignon , French cyclist 2011 - Wade Belak , Canadian ice hockey player 2012 - Max Bygraves , English actor 2012 - Joe Lewis , American martial artist and actor 2012 - Carlo Maria Martini , Italian cardinal 2012 - Kashiram Rana , Indian lawyer and politician 2012 - John C. Shabaz, American judge and politician 2012 - Sergey Sokolov , Russian commander and politician, 6th Minister of Defence for The Soviet Union 2013 - Alan Carrington , English chemist and academic 2013 - David Frost , English journalist and game show host 2013 - Jimmy Greenhalgh , English footballer and manager 2013 - Jan Camiel Willems , Belgian mathematician and theorist 2014 - Bapu , Indian director and screenwriter 2014 - Ștefan Andrei , Romanian politician, 87th Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs 2014 - Stan Goldberg , American illustrator 2014 - Carol Vadnais , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 2015 - Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu , English politician, founded the National Motor Museum 2015 - Tom Scott , American football player 2018 - Carole Shelley , British-American actress 2019 - Anthoine Hubert , French racing driver 2019 - Alec Holowka , Canadian game developerHolidays and observances Baloch-Pakhtun Unity Day Christian feast day: * Aidan of Lindisfarne * Aristides of Athens * Cuthburh * Dominguito del Val * Joseph of Arimathea * Nicodemus * Paulinus of Trier * Raymond Nonnatus * Wala of Corbie * Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria * August 31 Day of Solidarity and Freedom Independence Day , celebrates the independence of Kyrgyzstan from the Soviet Union in 1991. Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Malaya from the United Kingdom in 1957. Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Trinidad and Tobago from the United Kingdom in 1962 . National Language Day National Trail Mix Day North Borneo Self-government Day
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