October 2

Events

• 829 - Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
• 939 - Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.
• 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
• 1263 - The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.
• 1470 - The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.
• 1528 - William Tyndale publishes The Obedience of a Christian Man, which advocates the divine right of kings.
• 1535 - Jacques Cartier discovers the present site of Montreal.
• 1552 - Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.
• 1780 - American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.
• 1789 - The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.
• 1814 - Chilean War of Independence: Royalist troops defeat Chilean forces of Bernardo O'Higgins and José Miguel Carrera.
• 1835 - Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.
• 1870 - A plebiscite held in Rome, supports annexation of city of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy.
• 1919 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him incapacitated for several weeks.
• 1928 - The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded.
• 1937 - Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the northwestern region of the Dominican Republic.
• 1941 - World War II: In Operation Typhoon, the Wehrmacht attempts to capture Moscow before the onset of winter.
• 1942 - World War II: Ocean Liner accidentally rams and sinks, killing 337 crewmen aboard Curacoa.
• 1944 - World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
• 1958 - Guinea declares its independence from France.
• 1959 - Rod Serling's anthology series The Twilight Zone premieres on CBS. The first episode is “Where Is Everybody?”
• 1967 - Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.
• 1968 - Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics.
• 1970 - An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.
• 1980 - Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.
• 1990 - Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 128.
• 1992 - Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead.
• 1996 - Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.
• 1996 - The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
• 2000 - The Rijndael algorithm is chosen by NIST as the AES standard.
• 2002 - The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.
• 2004 - The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK.
• 2006 - Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States.
• 2007 - President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.
• 2016 - Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people.

  Births

• 1452 - Richard III of England
• 1470 - Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan
• 1470 - Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
• 1527 - William Drury, English politician
• 1538 - Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint
• 1589 - Muhammad Parviz, Mughal Empire emperor
• 1644 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French historian and author
• 1704 - František Tůma, Czech organist and composer
• 1718 - Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic
• 1727 - Ignaz Schiffermüller, Austrian entomologist and academic
• 1768 - William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician
• 1798 - Charles Albert, King of Sardinia
• 1800 - Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader
• 1815 - James Agnew, Northern Irish-Australian politician, 16th Premier of Tasmania
• 1821 - Alexander P. Stewart, American general
• 1824 - Henry C. Lord, American businessman
• 1828 - Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of France
• 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist and academic
• 1847 - Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany
• 1851 - Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal and theorist
• 1852 - William Ramsay, Scottish-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1854 - Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist
• 1869 - Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher
• 1871 - Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1871 - Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author
• 1873 - Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician
• 1873 - Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager
• 1875 - Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist
• 1879 - Wallace Stevens, American poet and educator
• 1882 - Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel
• 1883 - Lesley Ashburner, American hurdler
• 1883 - Karl von Terzaghi, Czech-American geologist and engineer
• 1890 - Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor
• 1893 - Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor
• 1895 - Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel
• 1897 - Bud Abbott, American comedian
• 1902 - John G. Crommelin, American admiral and politician
• 1902 - Leopold Figl, Austrian engineer and politician, 18th Chancellor of Austria
• 1904 - Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic
• 1904 - Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian academic and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of India
• 1905 - Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal
• 1906 - Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, 36th Premier of Victoria
• 1906 - August Komendant, Estonian-American engineer and academic
• 1907 - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, 52nd President of Bolivia
• 1907 - Alexander R. Todd, Scottish-English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1909 - Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon
• 1911 - Jack Finney, American author and playwright
• 1912 - Frank Malina, American engineer and painter
• 1914 - Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer
• 1914 - Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian
• 1915 - Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma
• 1917 - Christian de Duve, English-Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1917 - Charles Drake, American actor
• 1919 - John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer
• 1919 - Jan Flinterman, Dutch race car driver and pilot
• 1921 - Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer
• 1921 - Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer
• 1921 - Robert Runcie, English archbishop
• 1925 - Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
• 1926 - Jan Morris, English-Welsh historian and author
• 1928 - George McFarland, American actor
• 1928 - Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic
• 1929 - Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman
• 1929 - Moses Gunn, American actor
• 1930 - Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia
• 1932 - Maury Wills, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster
• 1933 - John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1933 - Phill Niblock, American composer and director
• 1933 - Dave Somerville, Canadian singer
• 1934 - Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, South African-English lawyer and judge
• 1934 - Earl Wilson, American baseball player and coach
• 1935 - Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager
• 1936 - Dick Barnett, American basketball player and educator
• 1936 - Feliciano Belmonte Jr., Filipino lawyer and politician, 20th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
• 1936 - Connie Dierking, American basketball player
• 1937 - Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer
• 1938 - Nick Gravenites, American singer–songwriter and guitarist
• 1938 - Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1938 - Rex Reed, American film critic
• 1939 - Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer
• 1941 - Diana Hendry, English poet and author
• 1941 - Ron Meagher, American rock bass player
• 1942 - Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films
• 1943 - Anna Ford, English journalist and academic
• 1943 - Franklin Rosemont, American poet, painter, and historian
• 1943 - Henri Szeps, Australian actor
• 1944 - Vernor Vinge, American computer scientist and author
• 1944 - Ton Koopman, Dutch conductor, organist, and harpsichordist
• 1945 - Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic
• 1945 - Don McLean, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1946 - Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician
• 1946 - Peter Kellner, English journalist and author
• 1947 - Ward Churchill, American author and activist
• 1947 - Paul Jackson, English director and producer
• 1948 - Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager
• 1948 - Avery Brooks, American actor and singer
• 1948 - Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY
• 1948 - Siim Kallas, Estonian soldier and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Estonia
• 1948 - Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, Femina Miss India 1965
• 1948 - Chris LeDoux, American singer-songwriter and sculptor
• 1949 - Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1949 - Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
• 1950 - Mike Rutherford, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1951 - Sting, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor
• 1952 - Jan Švejnar, Czech-American economist and politician
• 1953 - Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer
• 1953 - Muhammad Abdul Bari, Bangladeshi-English physicist and academic
• 1954 - Lorraine Bracco, American actress and producer
• 1955 - Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
• 1955 - Nancy Rothwell, English physiologist and academic
• 1956 - Peter Bruce, Scottish chemist and academic
• 1956 - Freddie Jackson, American soul singer
• 1956 - Viatcheslav Mukhanov, Russian-German cosmologist and physicist
• 1957 - John Cook, American golfer
• 1957 - Wade Dooley, English rugby player and police officer
• 1957 - Dave Faulkner, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1957 - Kate St John, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1958 - Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1959 - Luis Fernández, French footballer and manager
• 1960 - Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1960 - Django Bates, English pianist and composer
• 1960 - Johan Lammerts, Dutch cyclist
• 1960 - Joe Sacco, American journalist and cartoonist
• 1960 - Tom Schweich, American lawyer and politician, 36th State Auditor of Missouri
• 1960 - Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach
• 1961 - Jaan Toomik, Estonian director and producer
• 1962 - James Hunter, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 - Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player
• 1963 - Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer and accountant
• 1964 - Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
• 1965 - Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player and coach
• 1965 - Tom Moody, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
• 1967 - Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter
• 1967 - Gary L. Gregg, American political scientist, author, and academic
• 1967 - Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player
• 1967 - Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1968 - Victoria Derbyshire, English journalist and radio host
• 1968 - Benjie Paras, Filipino basketball player and actor
• 1968 - Jeff Martin, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1968 - Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player and sportscaster
• 1968 - Glen Wesley, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1968 - Kelly Willis, American country music singer-songwriter
• 1969 - Badly Drawn Boy, English indie singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
• 1969 - Mitch English, American talk show host, comedian, weatherman
• 1970 - Eddie Guardado, American baseball player and coach
• 1970 - Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano and producer
• 1970 - Kelly Ripa, American actress, producer, and talk show host
• 1970 - Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
• 1971 - Tiffany Darwish, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1971 - Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1972 - Aaron McKie, American basketball player and coach
• 1973 - Melissa Harris-Perry, American journalist, author, and educator
• 1973 - Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1973 - Proof, American rapper and actor
• 1973 - Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player
• 1973 - Maria Wetterstrand, Swedish politician
• 1974 - Adel Ferdosipour, Iranian journalist and sportscaster
• 1974 - Bjarke Ingels, Danish architect
• 1974 - Brian Knight, American baseball player and umpire
• 1974 - Michelle Krusiec, Taiwanese-American actress and producer
• 1974 - Matthew Nicholson, Australian cricketer
• 1974 - Mark Porter, New Zealand race car driver
• 1974 - Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 - Paul Teutul Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers
• 1974 - Kevin Van De Wege, American firefighter and politician
• 1975 - Baiba Broka, Latvian politician
• 1976 - Mark Chilton, English cricketer
• 1976 - John Thornton, American football player
• 1977 - Didier Défago, Swiss skier
• 1978 - Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1978 - Matthew Hancock, English economist and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office
• 1979 - Primož Brezec, Slovenian basketball player
• 1979 - Francisco Fonseca, Mexican footballer
• 1979 - Maja Ivarsson, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1980 - Shane Andrus, American football player
• 1981 - Ridzuan Fatah Hasan, Singaporean footballer
• 1981 - Santi Kolk, Dutch footballer
• 1981 - Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer
• 1982 - Tyson Chandler, American basketball player
• 1982 - Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player
• 1982 - George Pettit, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1982 - Gary Wilkinson, American basketball player
• 1984 - Marion Bartoli, French tennis player
• 1985 - Çağlar Birinci, Turkish footballer
• 1985 - Buster Davis, American football player
• 1985 - Brandon Jackson, American football player
• 1986 - Camilla Belle, American actress
• 1987 - Bojana Bobusic, Australian tennis player
• 1987 - Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player
• 1987 - Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player
• 1987 - Joel Reinders, American football player
• 1987 - Ricky Stenhouse Jr., American race car driver
• 1988 - Brittany Howard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1989 - Aaron Hicks, American baseball player
• 1989 - George Nash, English rower
• 1989 - Janine Gutierrez, Filipino actress
• 1990 - Dean Bouzanis, Australian footballer
• 1991 - Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer
• 1991 - Jeanjos Parfait, Burundian musician
• 1992 - Sirje Roops, Estonian footballer
• 1993 - Michy Batshuayi, Belgian footballer
• 1993 - Aaro Vainio, Finnish race car driver
• 1994 - Joana Eidukonytė, Lithuanian tennis player
• 1995 - Te Maire Martin, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1995 - Tepai Moeroa, Cook Islands rugby league player
• 1996 - Tom Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player
• 1997 - Hana Sugisaki, Japanese actress
• 2002 - Jacob Sartorius, American singer

  Deaths

• 534 - Athalaric, Italian king
• 829 - Michael II, Byzantine emperor
• 939 - Eberhard III, duke of Franconia
• 939 - Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
• 1264 - Pope Urban IV
• 1348 - Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln
• 1559 - Jacquet of Mantua, French-Italian composer
• 1588 - Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher and scientist
• 1626 - Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat
• 1629 - Antonio Cifra, Italian composer
• 1629 - Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and theologian
• 1678 - Wu Sangui, Qing Chinese general
• 1685 - David Teniers III, Flemish painter
• 1708 - Anne Jules de Noailles, French general
• 1709 - Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat
• 1724 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French historian and author
• 1746 - Josiah Burchett, English admiral and politician
• 1764 - William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1775 - Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese nun and poet
• 1780 - John André, English soldier
• 1782 - Charles Lee, English-born American general
• 1786 - Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral and politician
• 1803 - Samuel Adams, American philosopher and politician, 4th Governor of Massachusetts
• 1804 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French engineer
• 1850 - Sarah Biffen, English painter
• 1853 - François Arago, French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician, 25th Prime Minister of France
• 1920 - Max Bruch, German composer and conductor
• 1927 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1938 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian field marshal and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Romania
• 1938 - André Lagache, French race car driver and engineer
• 1943 - John Evans, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania
• 1947 - P. D. Ouspensky, Russian-English mathematician and philosopher
• 1953 - John Marin, American painter
• 1955 - Humphrey Barclay, English priest
• 1955 - William Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player
• 1962 - Boris Yakovlevich Bukreev, Russian mathematician and author
• 1968 - Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculptor
• 1971 - Jessie Arms Botke, American painter
• 1973 - Paul Hartman, American actor and dancer
• 1973 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner
• 1974 - Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1975 - K. Kamaraj, Indian lawyer and politician
• 1981 - Harry Golden, American journalist and author
• 1981 - Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American activist, actress, and musician
• 1985 - Rock Hudson, American actor
• 1987 - Madeleine Carroll, English actress
• 1987 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1988 - Alec Issigonis, Greek-English car designer, designed the Mini
• 1988 - Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia
• 1991 - Hazen Argue, Canadian politician
• 1991 - Demetrios I of Constantinople
• 1994 - Harriet Nelson, American actress and singer
• 1996 - Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, 22nd Premier of Quebec
• 1996 - Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian lawyer and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• 1998 - Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and guitarist
• 1998 - Olivier Gendebien, Belgian race car driver
• 1999 - Heinz G. Konsalik, German journalist and author
• 2000 - David Tonkin, Australian politician, 38th Premier of South Australia
• 2001 - Franz Biebl, German composer and academic
• 2002 - Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher
• 2003 - John Thomas Dunlop, American scholar and politician, 14th United States Secretary of Labor
• 2005 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor
• 2005 - August Wilson, American author and playwright
• 2006 - Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician
• 2006 - Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician
• 2007 - Tex Coulter, American football player
• 2007 - Christopher Derrick, English author and critic
• 2007 - George Grizzard, American actor
• 2007 - Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer
• 2007 - Tawn Mastrey, American radio host and producer
• 2010 - Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean lawyer and scholar
• 2011 - Peter L. Benson, American psychologist and academic
• 2012 - Nguyễn Chí Thiện, Vietnamese-American poet and activist
• 2012 - Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist
• 2012 - J. Philippe Rushton, English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic
• 2013 - Gottfried Fischer, German psychologist, therapist, and academic
• 2013 - Herman Hugg, American painter and sculptor
• 2013 - Jonathan Kaufer, American director and screenwriter
• 2013 - Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic
• 2013 - Kaare Ørnung, Norwegian pianist and educator
• 2014 - Robert Flower, Australian footballer
• 2014 - Vaughn O. Lang, American general
• 2014 - Frederic Tamler Sommers, American philosopher and academic
• 2015 - Eric Arturo Delvalle, Panamanian lawyer and politician, President of Panama
• 2015 - Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director
• 2015 - Rodolfo Frigeri, Argentinian economist and politician, Argentinian Minister of Finance
• 2015 - Coleridge Goode, Jamaican-English bassist and composer
• 2015 - James Mutende, Ugandan veterinarian, economist, and politician
• 2015 - Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer, coach, and manager
• 2016 - Neville Marriner, British conductor
• 2016 - Gary Reed, American comic book writer
• 2017 - Tom Petty, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

  Holidays and observances

• Batik Day
• Christian feast day:
• *Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels
• *Leodegar
• *October 2
• Gandhi's birthday-related observances:
• *Gandhi Jayanti
• *International Day of Non-Violence
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea from France in 1958.
• National Grandparents Day