1655 Events January–June January 5 - Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan . February 14 - The Mapuches launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile, beginning the Mapuche uprising of 1655 . February 16 - Dutch Grand Pensionary advisor Johan de Witt marries Wendela Bicker. March 8 - John Casor became the first legally recognized slave, as a result of a civil case in what will be the United States. March 25 - Saturn's largest moon, Titan , is discovered by Christiaan Huygens . April 4 - Battle of Porto Farina, Tunis: English admiral Robert Blake's fleet defeats the Barbary pirates. April 7 - Pope Alexander VII , born Fabio Chigi, succeeds Pope Innocent X as the 237th pope . April 24 - The Easter Massacre of the Waldensians: Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy slaughters 1,500 men, women and children; this is memorialized in John Milton's sonnet "On the Late Massacre in Piedmont" and apologized for by Pope Francis in 2015 . April 26 - The Dutch West India Company denies Peter Stuyvesant's request to exclude Jews from New Amsterdam . April 28 - Admiral Blake severely damages the arsenal of the Bey of Tunis . May 10-27 - Anglo-Spanish War: Invasion of Jamaica - Forces of the English Protectorate led by William Penn and Robert Venables capture the island of Jamaica from Spain . June 13 - Adriana Nooseman-van de Bergh becomes the first actress, in Amsterdam theater.July–December July 20 - The Amsterdam Town Hall is inaugurated. July 27 * The Jews in New Amsterdam petition for a separate Jewish cemetery. * The Netherlands and Brandenburg sign a military treaty. July 30 - Dutch troops capture Fort Assahudi Seram. July 31 - Russo-Polish War : The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , Vilnius , which it holds for 6 years. August 9 - Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell divides England into 11 districts, under major-generals. August 28 - New Amsterdam and Peter Stuyvesant bar colonial Jews from military service. August - The governor of New Netherland , Peter Stuyvesant, attacks the New Sweden colony. September 8 - Swedish King Karl X Gustav occupies Warsaw . September 26 - Peter Stuyvesant recaptures Dutch Ft. Casimir, and defeats the New Sweden colony. October 15 - The Jews of Lublin are massacred. October 19 - Swedish King Karl X Gustav occupies Kraków . November 3 - England and France sign military and economic treaties. November 24 - English Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell bans Anglicans. December 4 - Middelburg, the Netherlands forbids the building of a synagogue . December 18 - The Whitehall Conference ends with the determination that there was no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion of 1290. December 27 - Second Northern War/the Deluge: Monks at the Jasna Góra Monastery in Częstochowa are successful in fending off a month-long siege .Date unknown Stephan Farffler , a 22-year-old paraplegic watchmaker, built the world's first self-propelling chair on a three-wheel chassis using a system of cranks and cogwheels . However, the device had an appearance of a hand bike more than a wheelchair since the design included hand cranks mounted at the front wheel. The Bibliotheca Thysiana is erected, the only surviving 17th century example in the Netherlands, of a building designed as a library. Births January 1 - Christian Thomasius , German jurist January 5 - John Coney, early American silversmith/goldsmith January 6 * Niccolò Comneno Papadopoli , Italian jurist of religious law and historian * Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg , Holy Roman Empress * Antonio Molinari , Italian painter January 11 * Charles Sergison , English politician * Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk , England January 13 - Bernard de Montfaucon , French Benedictine monk January 19 - Nalan Xingde , Chinese poet January 25 - Cornelius Anckarstjerna , Dutch-born Swedish admiral January 27 - Henri de Nesmond , French churchman February 2 - William "Tangier" Smith , Moroccan mayor February 7 - Jean-François Regnard , French comic poet February 14 - Jacques-Nicolas Colbert , French churchman February 15 - August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig , German prince February 16 - Charles, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg , German prince February 25 - Carel de Moor , Dutch painter February 28 - Johann Beer , Austrian composer March 4 - Fra Galgario , Italian painter March 6 - Frederik Krag , Danish nobleman and senior civil servant March 23 * Richard Hill of Hawkstone , English statesman * Sir Richard Myddelton, 3rd Baronet , English politician April 8 - Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden , Germany April 19 - George St Lo , Royal Navy officer and administrator April 25 - John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale , English politician April 26 * Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena * Ofspring Blackall , Bishop of Exeter May 4 - Bartolomeo Cristofori , Italian maker of musical instruments May 13 - Pope Innocent XIII May 31 - Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey , Marshal of France June 4 - Thomas of Cori , Italian Friar Minor and preacher June 11 - Antonio Cifrondi , Italian painter June 12 - Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen July 7 - Christoph Dientzenhofer , German architect July 20 - Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville , England August 2 - Sir John Hotham, 3rd Baronet , English politician August 13 - Johann Christoph Denner , German musical instrument maker August 16 - Frederick Christian, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe August 18 - James Collett , English-born merchant who settled in Norway August 22 - Joseph Robineau de Villebon , governor of Acadia September 2 - Andries Pels , Dutch banker September 9 - James Johnston, diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland September 12 - Sébastien de Brossard , French composer and music theorist September 14 - Éléonor Marie du Maine du Bourg , French nobleman and general September 21 - Roger Cave , English politician September 29 - Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg , Duke of Münsterberg September 30 - Charles III, Prince of Guéméné , French nobleman October 4 - Lothar Franz von Schönborn , Archbishop of Mainz October 12 - Richard Neville, English politician October 25 - Fabio Brulart de Sillery , French churchman November 1 - Ferdinand Kettler , Duke of Courland and Semigallia November 6 - Daniel Lascelles, English Member of Parliament November 12 * Eustache Restout , French painter * Francis Nicholson , British Army general, colonial administrator November 16 - Alessandro Gherardini , Italian painter November 18 - Walter Norborne , English politician November 19 - Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet , British politician November 20 - Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet , English politician November 24 - King Charles XI of Sweden December 9 - Isaac van Hoornbeek , Grand Pensionary of Holland December 10 - Sir William Forester , British politician December 13 - John Evelyn the Younger , English translator December 14 - Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal , son of William VI December 27 - Abstrupus Danby , English politician December 28 - Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis , First Lord of the British Admiralty December 29 - Lewis Watson, 1st Earl of Rockingham , English politician date unknown - Zumbi , runaway slave in BrazilDeaths January 6 - Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern , Prince of Paltinate January 7 - Pope Innocent X February 15 - Pier Luigi Carafa , Italian Catholic cardinal February 21 - John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp , Prince-Bishop of Lübeck February 25 - Daniel Heinsius , Flemish scholar February 27 - Francesco Molin , Doge of Venice March 28 - Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg , German princess and queen consort of Sweden March 30 - James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond April 6 - David Blondel , French Protestant clergyman April 14 - Johann Erasmus Kindermann , German composer and organist April 29 - Cornelis Schut , Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver April 30 - Eustache Le Sueur , French painter May 5 - Richard Harrison , English politician May 8 - Edward Winslow , American Pilgrim leader May 30 - Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth June 26 - Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal June 27 - Eleonora Gonzaga , Holy Roman Empress, married to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor June 30 - Jacobus Boonen , Dutch Catholic archbishop July 15 - Girolamo Rainaldi , Italian architect July 28 * Cyrano de Bergerac , French soldier and writer * Suzuki Shōsan , Japanese samurai July 30 - Sigmund Theophil Staden , important early German composer August 10 - Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar , Spanish cardinal and diplomat September 7 - François Tristan l'Hermite , French dramatist September 24 - Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege October 13 - Tobie Matthew , English Member of Parliament October 14 - Arnold Möller , German calligrapher October 16 - Joseph Solomon Delmedigo , Italian physician, mathematician and music theorist October 18 - Joachim Lütkemann , German theologian October 24 - Pierre Gassendi , French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist November 6 - Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein , German prince November 16 - Giuseppe Marcinò , Italian priest, member of the Order of Friars Minor November 23 - Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton November 28 - John Oglander , English politicians December 17 - Ukita Hideie , Japanese daimyō December 20 - Gregers Krabbe , Danish noble December 22 - Tsugaru Nobuyoshi , Japanese daimyō December 31 - Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet , English politician date unknown - Kocc Barma Fall , Senegambian philosopher
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