1623 Events January–June January - Forces from the Kingdom of Kongo defeat the Portuguese in the Battle of Mbanda Kasi . February - France, Savoy , and Venice sign the Treaty of Paris , agreeing to cooperate in removing Spanish forces from the strategic Alpine pass of Valtelline . February 25 - Thirty Years' War: Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria becomes Elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate . March 5 - The first American temperance law is enacted, in Virginia . March 9 - Amboyna massacre: Ten men in the service of the British East India Company , nine Japanese and one Portuguese, are executed by the Dutch East India Company . March 20 - Richard Frethorne begins writing a letter to his parents from Jamestown, Virginia . April 11 - King Gwanghaegun of Joseon is deposed in a coup. He is succeeded by King Injo . April 29 - A fleet of 11 Dutch ships depart for the coast of Peru , seeking to seize Spanish treasure. June 14 - The first breach-of-promise lawsuit: Rev. Gerville Pooley, in Virginia, files against Cicely Jordan, but loses. June 29 - Première of Pedro Calderón de la Barca's first play, Amor, honor y poder , at the Court of Habsburg Spain .July–December July - The ship Anne arrives from England at New Plymouth , carrying more settlers, followed a week or two later by the Little James . August 6 * Papal Conclave of 1623: Pope Urban VIII succeeds Pope Gregory XV , as the 235th pope . * Thirty Years' War: Chased by the Count of Tilly's army, Christian of Brunswick's army attempts to flee to the Dutch Republic . Tilly's army catches Brunswick five miles from the border. In the resulting Battle of Stadtlohn , Christian's army is destroyed. September 10 - Murat IV succeeds Mustafa I as Ottoman Emperor . November 1 - Fire at Plymouth Colony destroys several buildings. Between November 8 and early November - The "First Folio ", a collection of 36 of the plays of Shakespeare , is published in London , England, half of which have not previously been printed.Date unknown The Safavids recapture Baghdad . England first colonizes Saint Kitts and Nevis . Wilhelm Schickard invents his Calculating Clock , an early mechanical calculator . Zildjian begins the commercial manufacture of cymbals in Turkey . The company will still be operating, from Massachusetts , in the 21st century. Procopius' long-lost Secret History is rediscovered, in the Vatican Library . Giambattista Marini publishes his long poem Adone . Tommaso Campanella publishes The City of the Sun . Johannes Rudbeck founds Rudbeckianska gymnasiet , the first gymnasium in Sweden . The second Thanksgiving is celebrated at Plymouth Plantation . Erotomania is first mentioned, in a psychiatric treatise. On the coast of Massachusetts Bay, the settlement that will become the City of Gloucester, Massachusetts is first inhabited by men from Dorchester , England. On the coast of New Hampshire , the settlement of Hilton's Point that will become Dover is established by men from London, England, the first European settlers in the state. Births January–March January 1 - Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein , German noblewoman, by birth member of the House of Dietrichstein, and by her two marriages Countess of Kaunitz and Oppersdorf January 15 - Algernon Sidney , British philosopher March 4 - Jacob van der Does , Dutch landscape painter March 5 - Henri Sauval , French historian March 23 - Deane Winthrop , 6th son of Governor John Winthrop March 24 - Ralph Hare , English politicianApril–June April 7 - Thomas Mainwaring , English politician April 11 - Decio Azzolino , Italian Catholic cardinal April 20 - Olimpia Aldobrandini , Italian Aldobrandini family member, heiress April 23 - Sir John Chichester, 1st Baronet , English politician April 27 - Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska , Polish noble April 28 - Wilhelmus Beekman , Dutch politician April 30 - François de Laval , first Catholic bishop of Quebec May 26 - William Petty , English scientist and philosopher May 29 - David Schirmer , German lyric poet and librarian May 30 * John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater , English politician * Wallerant Vaillant , painter of the Dutch Golden Age June 8 - Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni , Italian Catholic cardinal June 15 - Cornelis de Witt , Dutch politician June 19 - Blaise Pascal , French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher June 29 - Inaba Masanori , Japanese daimyōJuly–September July 1 - William Owfield , English landowner and politician July 6 - Jacopo Melani , Italian composer and violinist July 12 - Elizabeth Walker , English pharmacist July 28 - Allen Brodrick , English politician August 4 - Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Hanau-Münzenberg August 5 - Antonio Cesti , Italian composer August 13 - Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet , English politician August 14 - Sir John Fowell, 2nd Baronet , English politician August 23 - Stanisław Lubieniecki , Polish Socinian theologist August 25 - Filippo Lauri , Italian painter August 26 - Johann Sigismund Elsholtz , German naturalist and physician September 1 - Caspar Schamberger , German surgeon and merchant September 8 - James Bellingham , English politician September 10 - Carpoforo Tencalla , Swiss-Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes September 13 - Pieter Wouwerman , Dutch painter September 21 - Sir John Bowyer, 1st Baronet , English soldier and politician September 23 - Georg Balthasar Metzger , German physician and scientistOctober–December October 4 - Robert Thoroton , English antiquary October 9 - Ferdinand Verbiest , Flemish Jesuit missionary in China during the Qing Dynasty October 17 - Francis Turretin , Swiss-Italian Reformed scholastic theologian October 28 - Johann Grueber , Austrian Jesuit missionary and astronomer in China November 1 - Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui , the Yongli Emperor , the 4th and last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty of China November 5 - Mariana of the Purification , Portuguese nun of the Carmelite Order of the Ancient Observance November 17 - Philip Sherard , English politician November 22 - Bussy Mansell , Welsh Member of the English Parliament November 28 - Giovanni Battista Caccioli , Italian painter December 1 - Christian Louis I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin December 8 - Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg December 13 - Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson , French politician and diplomat December 16 - Ercole, Marquis of Baux , member of the House of Grimaldi December 23 - Matthias Palbitzki , Swedish diplomat and art-connoisseur December 28 - Elisabeth Augusta Lindenov , daughter of king Christian IV of Denmark Date unknown Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle Dorothy, Lady Pakington , English religious writer Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury Deaths January–March January 1 * Paul Hentzner , German lawyer and traveller in England * Christopher Heydon , English politician January 11 - Pieter van Mierevelt , Dutch painter January 15 * Paolo Sarpi , Italian theologian * Leonardus Lessius , Flemish Jesuit theologian February - Malcolm Macfie, last chief of the Scottish clan Clan Macfie February 8 - Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter , English politician February 19 - Clara Maria of Pomerania-Barth , German noble March 7 - Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos , Portuguese 55th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller March 19 - Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , German Catholic bishop March 25 - Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon March 29 - Scévole de Sainte-Marthe , French poetApril–June April 14 - John Scudamore , English politician April 19 - Uesugi Kagekatsu , Japanese samurai and warlord April 26 - Bálint Lépes , Hungarian cardinal April 27 - Eric of Lorraine , Bishop of Verdun May 1 - Matthew Clerke , English politician May 4 - Asprilio Pacelli , Italian Baroque composer May 19 - Mariam-uz-Zamani , Empress of the Mughal Empire May 23 - Edward Lawley , English politician May 26 - Francis Anthony , English apothecary and physician June 28 - Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , Italian nobleJuly–September July 3 - Claes Michielsz Bontenbal , Dutch civil servant July 4 - William Byrd , English composer July 8 - Pope Gregory XV July 12 - William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath August 6 - Anne Hathaway , wife of William Shakespeare August 9 - George, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg , Count of Nassau-Beilstein, then Count of Nassau-Dillenburg August 12 * Antonio Priuli , Doge of Venice * Stefano Pignatelli , Italian Catholic cardinal August 18 - Samuel Sandys , English politician August 31 - Jacob van Wassenaer Duivenvoorde , Dutch admiral September 1 - Marcantonio Gozzadini , Italian Catholic cardinal September 26 - Edwin Sandys , English politician September 27 - Johann VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen September 28 - Johann Georg, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen October–December October 21 - William Wade , English statesman and diplomat October 23 - Henry Curwen , English politician November 9 - William Camden , English antiquarian November 11 - Philippe de Mornay , French writer November 12 - Josaphat Kuncevyc , Lithuanian archbishop November 13 - Erdmuthe of Brandenburg , Duchess of Pomerania-Stettin December 4 - Jerome de Angelis , Italian Jesuit missionary to Japan December 24 - Michiel Coignet , Flemish mathematician, astronomer, engineer, etc.Date unknown Andrea Andreani , Italian engraver
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