Generational list of programming languages
This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetical order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.
ALGOL based
- ALGOL
- * Atlas Autocode
- * ALGOL 58
- ** MAD and GOM
- * ALGOL 60
- ** MAD/I
- ** Simula
- * ALGOL 68
- * ALGOL W
- ** Pascal
- *** Ada
- **** SPARK
- **** PL/SQL
- *** Turbo Pascal
- **** Object Pascal
- ***** Free Pascal
- ***** Kylix
- *** Euclid
- **** Concurrent Euclid
- **** Turing
- ***** Turing Plus
- ***** Object Oriented Turing
- *** Mesa
- **** Modula-2
- ***** Modula-3
- ***** Oberon
- ****** Go
- ****** Nim
- ****** Oberon-2
- ******* Component Pascal
- ******* Active Oberon
- ******** Zonnon
- ****** Oberon-07
- ***** Lua
- *** SUE
- **** Plus
- * CPL
- ** BCPL
- *** B
- *** C
- * Julia
APL based
- APL
- * A+
- * J
- * K
- * NESL
- * PDL
BASIC based
- BASIC
- * AmigaBASIC
- * AMOS BASIC
- * BASIC Stamp
- * BASIC09
- * Basic4GL
- * BBC Basic
- * Blitz BASIC
- ** Blitz3D
- ** BlitzMax
- ** BlitzPlus
- * Business Basic
- * Caché Basic
- * Chinese BASIC
- * COMAL
- * Commodore BASIC
- * DarkBASIC
- ** DarkBASIC Professional
- * Euphoria
- * GW-BASIC
- ** QuickBASIC
- *** QBasic
- **** FreeBASIC
- **** Liberty BASIC
- ***** Run BASIC
- *** Visual Basic
- **** VBScript
- **** Visual Basic for Applications
- ***** LotusScript
- **** Visual Basic.NET
- ***** Small Basic
- **** OpenOffice Basic
- **** Gambas
- **** WinWrap Basic
- **** WordBasic
- *** QB64
- * GLBasic
- * PureBasic
- * Turbo Basic
- ** PowerBASIC
- * REALbasic
- * thinBasic
- * TI-BASIC
- * True BASIC
- * YaBasic
- * XBasic
Batch languages
- MS-DOS Batch files
- * Winbatch
- CLIST
- IBM Job Control Language
C based
- C
- * Alef
- * C++
- ** Rust
- ** D
- * C#
- ** Windows PowerShell
- * Cobra
- * Java
- * C--
- * Cyclone
- ** Rust
- * ColdFusion
- * Go
- * Harbour
- ** Limbo
- * LPC
- ** Pike
- * Objective-C
- ** Swift
- * PCASTL
- * Perl
- ** Windows PowerShell
- ** S2
- ** PHP
- ** Ruby
- *** Julia
- *** Swift
- ** PDL
- ** Raku
- * Python
- ** Julia
- ** Nim
- ** Swift
- * QuakeC
- * tcsh
COBOL based
- COBOL
- * ABAP
- * DIBOL
- * WATBOL
COMIT based
- COMIT
- * SNOBOL
- ** Icon
- *** Unicon
- ** Lua
DCL based
- DCL
- * Windows PowerShell
ed based
- ed
- * sed
- * AWK
- ** Perl
Eiffel based
- Eiffel
- * Cobra
- * Sather
- * Ubercode
Forth based
- Forth
- * InterPress
- ** PostScript
- * Joy
- ** Factor
- * Rebol
- * RPL
Fortran based
- Fortran
- * Fortran II
- ** BASIC
- * Fortran IV
- ** WATFOR
- ** WATFIV
- * Fortran 66
- ** FORMAC
- ** Ratfor
- * Fortran 77
- ** WATFOR-77
- ** Ratfiv
- * Fortran 90
- * Fortran 95
- ** F
- * Fortran 2003
- * Fortran 2008
- * Fortran 2018
- * ALGOL
FP based
- FP
- * FL
- ** J
- * FPr
HyperTalk based
- HyperTalk
- * ActionScript
- * AppleScript
- * SenseTalk
- * SuperTalk
- * Transcript
Java based
- Java
- * Ateji PX
- * C#
- * Ceylon
- * Fantom
- * Apache Groovy
- * OptimJ
- * Processing
- * Scala
- * Join Java
- * J#
- * Kotlin
- * X10
JavaScript based
- JavaScript
- * ActionScript
- ** Haxe
- * Asm.js
- * CoffeeScript
- * ECMAScript
- * JavaScript OSA
- * JScript
- * TypeScript
JOSS based
- JOSS
- * CAL
- * TELCOMP
- * FOCAL
- * MUMPS
- ** Caché ObjectScript
Lisp based
- Lisp
- * Arc
- * AutoLISP
- * Clojure
- * Common Lisp
- * Emacs Lisp
- * Julia
- * K
- * LFE
- * Logo
- ** Turtle graphics
- * Nu programming language
- * PicoLisp
- * REBOL
- ** Red
- * RPL
- * S
- ** R
- *** PCASTL
- * Scheme
- ** GNU Guile
- ** Racket
- ** Hop
- ** Pico
- ** T
- ** Lua
ML based
- ML
- * Standard ML
- * Caml
- ** OCaml
- *** F#
- *** Reason
- *** Rust
PL/I based
- PL/I
- * PL/M
- * PL/C
- * REXX
- * SP/k
- * XPL
Prolog based
- Prolog
- * CLP, CLP
- * Mercury
- * Erlang
- ** Cuneiform
- ** Elixir
- * Logtalk
SASL based
- SASL
- * Kent Recursive Calculator
- * Miranda
- ** Haskell
- *** Agda
- *** Elm
- *** Idris
- *** Rust
- *** Swift
- *** PureScript
SETL based
- SETL
- * ABC
- ** Python
- *** Swift
- *** Boo
- *** Cobra
sh based
- Sh
- * bash
- * csh
- ** tcsh
- * zsh
- * ksh
- ** Windows PowerShell
Simula based
- Simula
- * C++
- * Smalltalk
- ** Objective-C
- *** Swift
- *** Cobra
- ** Ruby
- *** Swift
- ** Self
- *** JavaScript
- *** NewtonScript
- **** Io
- * BETA
Tcl based
- Tcl
- * Expect
- * Tea
Others
- Assembly
- BLISS
- CORAL
- Curl
- GPSS
- LabVIEW
- * NXT-G
- occam
- POP-2, POP-11
- REFAL
- RPG
- Seed7
- SQL
- TACL
- TUTOR