1705
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–June
- March 8 - The Province of Carolina incorporates the town of Bath, making it the first incorporated town in present-day North Carolina. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the Province of Carolina, until Edenton is incorporated in 1722.
- April 16 - Anne, Queen of Great Britain honours Isaac Newton with a Knight Bachelor.
- May - The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar ends, with the defending Confederate forces retaining control of the town.
- May 5 - Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor succeeds his father Leopold I.
July–December
- November - In Williamsburg, capital of the Colony of Virginia in America, construction of the Capitol Building is completed.
- November 5 - The Dublin Gazette of Ireland publishes its first edition.
- November 15 - Battle of Zsibó: The Austrian-Danish forces defeat the Kurucs.
- December - The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by the English Parliament, which naturalizes Sophia of Hanover and the "issue of her body" as English subjects.
- December 25 - In Munich, capital of Bavaria, 1,100 militiamen from the Oberland are killed during the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht, after a failed attempt to break through several gates and capture a depot to seize better weaponry; many men were slaughtered by German federal infantry and Hungarian Hussars, despite their capitulation to Austrian officers.
Date unknown
- Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England; it is completed in 1724.
- Taichung City, Taiwan is founded as the village of Dadun.
- With the interest paid from daimyō loans, the Konoike buy a tract of ponds and swampland, turn the land into rice paddies, and settle 480 households numbering perhaps 2,880 peasants on the land.
- The Shogunate confiscates the property of a merchant in Osaka "for conduct unbecoming a member of the commercial class". The government seizes 50 pairs of gold screens, 360 carpets, several mansions, 48 granaries and warehouses scattered around the country, and hundreds of thousands of gold pieces.
Births
January–March
- January 1 - Charles Chauncy, American Congregational clergyman
- January 5 - John Stanhope, MP
- January 8 - Jacques-François Blondel, French architect and teacher
- January 14 - Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French governor of the Mascarene Islands
- January 15 - Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg
- January 21 - Isaac Hawkins Browne, poet
- January 24 - Farinelli, Italian castrato
- January 28 - Reverend Joseph Fish
- February 3 - John Robinson, politician, landowner in the British colony of Virginia
- February 13 - Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa, Polish writer and playwright
- February 15 - Charles-André van Loo, French painter
- February 20 - Nicolas Chédeville, French composer
- February 21 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, Royal Navy admiral
- February 24 - Hieronymus David Gaubius, German physician and chemist
- February 25 - Edward Ironside, British banker & Lord Mayor of London in 1753
- February 27 - Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist, known as the "father of ichthyology"
- March 2 - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician
- March 8 - Margrethe Marie Thomasine Numsen
- March 9 - Tommaso Temanza, Italian architect, author of the Neoclassic period
- March 12 - Noël Jourda de Vaux
- March 18 - Jeremias Van Rensselaer, eldest son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt
- March 20 - Johann Sigismund Scholze
- March 21 - Lorenz Natter, German gem-engraver and medallist
- March 22 - Nicolas-Sébastien Adam
- March 30 - August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, German miniature painter
- March 31 - Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, princess consort of Ostfriesland as the spouse of Prince George Albert
April–June
- April 7 - Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet
- April 9 - Nathan Webb
- April 12 - William Cookworthy, English Quaker minister
- April 19 - Claes Grill, Swedish merchant
- April 21 - Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jesuit missionary priest, briefly active in New France
- April 23 - Erasmus James Philipps, serving member on Nova Scotia Council
- May 1 - Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar
- May 5 - John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer
- May 6 - Christian Gärtner, German telescope maker and astronomer
- May 8 - António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil
- May 10 - Alexander Luttrell
- May 13 - Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled
- June 1 - Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath
- June 9
- * Jan Paweł Biretowski
- * Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist
- June 10 - Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
- June 21 - Samuel Edwards, American silversmith
July–September
- July 1 - Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet
- July 23 - Francis Blomefield, English topographer
- August 8 - Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company
- August 12 - Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport
- August 15 - Joseph Wanton, merchant, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- August 18
- * Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter
- * Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin
- August 20
- * James Balfour, philosopher
- * Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort
- August 30 - David Hartley, English philosopher
- September 2 - Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman
- September 5 - Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood
- September 7 - Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era
- September 19
- * Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist
- * William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament
- September 23 - Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg
- September 24 - Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal
- September 28
- * Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman
- * Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer
October–December
- October 3 - Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741
- October 8 - Yakov Shakhovskoy
- October 12 - Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński
- October 23 - Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military leader
- October 25 - Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician
- October 31 - Pope Clement XIV
- November 1 - Antoine Terrasson, French erudite
- November 4 - Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier
- November 5
- * William Baker, English merchant and politician
- * Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist
- November 15 - Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet
- November 17 - Andrea Casali
- November 23 - Thomas Birch, English historian
- November 24 - Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels
- November 29 - Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer
- November 30 - Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution
- December 6 - Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter
- December 9 - Faustina Pignatelli
- December 14
- * Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official
- * Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon
- December 20
- * George Fothergill
- * Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist
- December 27 - Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania
- December 30 - Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist
- date unknown - Dick Turpin, English highwayman
- date unknown - Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician
Deaths
- January 12 - Luca Giordano, Italian artist
- January 17 - John Ray, English naturalist
- January 21 - Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier
- February 5 - Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism
- February 1 - Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, queen of Prussia
- February 18 - William "Tangier" Smith, Moroccan mayor
- March 10 - John Temple, Irish politician
- March 22 - Christian Heinrich Postel, German jurist
- April 2 - John Howe, English Puritan theologian
- April 5 - Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher
- May 5
- * Johann Ernst Glück, German theologian, translator
- * Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
- July 12 - Titus Oates, English conspirator
- August 13 - Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French countess
- August 16 - Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician
- August 28 - George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
- September 12 - Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician
- September 13 - Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant
- October 9 - Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist
- October 11 - Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker
- October 17 - Ninon de l'Enclos, French author
- October 17 - San Gennaro, founder of Braptist Church
- October 27 - Thyrsus González de Santalla, Spanish theologian, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus
- November 6 - John Platt, American settler
- November 10 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife
- November 15 - Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewomen
- December 7 - William Lowther, English landowner and politician
- December 22 - Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr
- December 31 - Catherine of Braganza, queen of Charles II of England
- date unknown - Meg Shelton, alleged witch from Lancashire