August 15

Events

• 636 - Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between Byzantine Empire and Rashidun Caliphate begins.
• 717 - Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, which will last for nearly a year.
• 718 - Arab–Byzantine wars: Raising of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople.
• 747 - Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, renounces his position as majordomo and retires to a monastery near Rome. His brother Pepin the Short becomes the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom.
• 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass takes place between the army of Charlemagne and a Basque army.
• 805 - Noble Erchana of Dahauua grants the Bavarian town of Dachau to the Diocese of Freising
• 927 - The Saracens conquer and destroy Taranto.
• 982 - Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the Battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria
• 1018 - Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria.
• 1038 - King Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, Peter Orseolo, succeeds him.
• 1057 - King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.
• 1070 - The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England.
• 1185 - The cave city of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia.
• 1237 - The Battle of the Puig takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista pitting the forces of the Taifa of Valencia against the Kingdom of Aragon. The battle resulted in an Aragonese victory.
• 1248 - The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, is laid.
• 1261 - Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.
• 1281 - Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a "divine wind" for the second time in the Battle of Kōan.
• 1310 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves the Knights of Rhodes.
• 1430 - Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan, conquers Lucca.
• 1461 - The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II. This is regarded by some historians as the real end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor David is exiled and later murdered.
• 1483 - Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel.
• 1511 - Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Malacca Sultanate.
• 1517 - Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary.
• 1519 - Panama City, Panama is founded.
• 1534 - Ignatius of Loyola and six classmates take initial vows, leading to the creation of the Society of Jesus in September 1540.
• 1537 - Asunción, Paraguay is founded.
• 1540 - Arequipa, Peru is founded.
• 1549 - Jesuit priest Francis Xavier comes ashore at Kagoshima.
• 1592 - Imjin War: At the Battle of Hansan Island, the Korean Navy, led by Yi Sun-sin, Yi Eok-gi, and Won Gyun, decisively defeats the Japanese Navy, led by Wakisaka Yasuharu.
• 1599 - Nine Years' War: Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle.
• 1695 - French forces end the bombardment of Brussels.
• 1760 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Liegnitz: Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians under Ernst Gideon von Laudon.
• 1824 - The Marquis de Lafayette, the last surviving French general of the American Revolutionary War, arrives in New York and begins a tour of 24 states.
• 1843 - The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, Hawaii is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, it is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States.
• 1843 - Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• 1863 - The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom.
• 1893 - Ibadan area becomes a British Protectorate after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos, George C. Denton.
• 1907 - Ordination in Constantinople of Fr. Raphael Morgan, the first African-American Orthodox priest, "Priest-Apostolic" to America and the West Indies.
• 1914 - A servant of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright murders seven people and sets fire to the living quarters of Wright's Wisconsin home, Taliesin.
• 1914 - The Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship.
• 1914 - World War I: The First Russian Army, led by Paul von Rennenkampf, enters East Prussia.
• 1914 - World War I: Beginning of the Battle of Cer, the first Allied victory of World War I.
• 1915 - A story in New York World newspaper reveals that the Imperial German government had purchased excess phenol from Thomas Edison that could be used to make explosives for the war effort and diverted it to Bayer for aspirin production.
• 1920 - Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, so-called Miracle at the Vistula.
• 1935 - Will Rogers and Wiley Post are killed after their aircraft develops engine problems during takeoff in Barrow, Alaska.
• 1939 - Twenty-six Junkers Ju 87 bombers commanded by Walter Sigel meet unexpected ground fog during a dive-bombing demonstration for Luftwaffe generals at Neuhammer. Thirteen of them crash and burn.
• 1939 - The Wizard of Oz premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California.
• 1940 - An Italian submarine torpedoes and sinks the at Tinos harbor during peacetime, marking the most serious Italian provocation prior to the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War in October.
• 1941 - Corporal Josef Jakobs is executed by firing squad at the Tower of London at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower for espionage.
• 1942 - World War II: Operation Pedestal: The oil tanker reaches the island of Malta barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island's defenses.
• 1943 - World War II: Battle of Trahili: Superior German forces surround Cretan partisans, who manage to escape against all odds.
• 1944 - World War II: Operation Dragoon: Allied forces land in southern France.
• 1945 - Jewel Voice Broadcast by the Emperor Showa following effective surrender of Japan in the World War II, Korea gains Independence from the Empire of Japan.
• 1947 - India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of British company and crown rule, and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1947 - Founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah is sworn in as first Governor-General of Pakistan in Karachi.
• 1948 - The Republic of Korea is established south of the 38th parallel north.
• 1952 - A flash flood drenches the town of Lynmouth, England, killing 34 people.
• 1954 - Alfredo Stroessner begins his dictatorship in Paraguay.
• 1960 - Republic of the Congo becomes independent from France.
• 1961 - Border guard Conrad Schumann flees from East Germany while on duty guarding the construction of the Berlin Wall.
• 1962 - James Joseph Dresnok defects to North Korea after running across the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Dresnok died in 2016.
• 1963 - Execution of Henry John Burnett, the last man to be hanged in Scotland.
• 1963 - President Fulbert Youlou is overthrown in the Republic of the Congo, after a three-day uprising in the capital.
• 1965 - The Beatles play to nearly 60,000 fans at Shea Stadium in New York City, an event later regarded as the birth of stadium rock.
• 1969 - The Woodstock Music & Art Fair opens in upstate New York, featuring some of the top rock musicians of the era.
• 1970 - Patricia Palinkas becomes the first woman to play professionally in an American football game.
• 1971 - President Richard Nixon completes the break from the gold standard by ending convertibility of the United States dollar into gold by foreign investors.
• 1971 - Bahrain gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1973 - Vietnam War: The United States bombing of Cambodia ends.
• 1974 - Yuk Young-soo, First Lady of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon President Park Chung-hee.
• 1975 - Bangladeshi leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup.
• 1975 - Takeo Miki makes the first official pilgrimage to Yasukuni Shrine by an incumbent prime minister on the anniversary of the end of World War II.
• 1977 - The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "Wow! signal" from the notation made by a volunteer on the project.
• 1984 - The Kurdistan Workers' Party in Turkey starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the Turkish military with an attack on police and gendarmerie bases in Şemdinli and Eruh
• 1995 - In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet matriculated at The Citadel.
• 1998 - Northern Ireland: Omagh bombing takes place; 29 people killed and some 220 others injured.
• 1999 - Beni Ounif massacre in Algeria: Some 29 people are killed at a false roadblock near the Moroccan border, leading to temporary tensions with Morocco.
• 2005 - Israel's unilateral disengagement plan to evict all Israelis from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the northern West Bank begins.
• 2005 - The Helsinki Agreement between the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia was signed, ending almost three decades of fighting.
• 2007 - An 8.0-magnitude earthquake off the Pacific coast devastates Ica and various regions of Peru killing 514 and injuring 1,090.
• 2013 - At least 27 people are killed and 226 injured in an explosion in southern Beirut near a complex used by Lebanon's militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon. A previously unknown Syrian Sunni group claims responsibility in an online video.
• 2013 - The Smithsonian announces the discovery of the olinguito, the first new carnivorous species found in the Americas in 35 years.
• 2015 - North Korea moves its clock back half an hour to introduce Pyongyang Time, 8 hours ahead of UTC.

  Births

• 1013 - Teishi, empress of Japan
• 1171 - Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia
• 1195 - Anthony of Padua, Portuguese priest and saint
• 1385 - Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, English commander
• 1432 - Luigi Pulci, Italian poet
• 1455 - George, duke of Bavaria
• 1507 - George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince
• 1575 - Bartol Kašić, Croatian linguist and lexicographer
• 1589 - Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania
• 1607 - Herman IV, landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
• 1608 - Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, English politician
• 1613 - Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar
• 1615 - Marie de Lorraine, duchess of Guise
• 1652 - John Grubb, American politician
• 1702 - Francesco Zuccarelli, Italian painter and Royal Academician
• 1717 - Blind Jack, English engineer
• 1736 - Johann Christoph Kellner, German organist and composer
• 1740 - Matthias Claudius, German poet and author
• 1769 - Napoleon, French general and emperor
• 1771 - Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, playwright, and poet
• 1785 - Thomas De Quincey, English journalist and author
• 1787 - Eliza Lee Cabot Follen, American writer, editor, abolitionist
• 1798 - Sangolli Rayanna, Indian warrior
• 1807 - Jules Grévy, French lawyer and politician, 4th President of the French Republic
• 1824 - John Chisum, American businessman
• 1839 - Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker
• 1844 - Thomas-Alfred Bernier, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician
• 1845 - Walter Crane, English artist and book illustrator
• 1856 - Keir Hardie, Scottish politician and trade unionist
• 1857 - Albert Ballin, German businessman
• 1858 - E. Nesbit, English author and poet
• 1859 - Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager
• 1860 - Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States
• 1863 - Aleksey Krylov, Russian mathematician and engineer
• 1865 - Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader, founded Reiki
• 1866 - Italo Santelli, Italian fencer
• 1872 - Sri Aurobindo, Indian guru, poet, and philosopher
• 1873 - Ramaprasad Chanda, Indian archaeologist and historian
• 1875 - Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English pianist, violinist, and composer
• 1876 - Stylianos Gonatas, Greek colonel and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Greece
• 1877 - Tachiyama Mineemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 22nd Yokozuna
• 1879 - Ethel Barrymore, American actress
• 1881 - Alfred Wagenknecht, German-American activist and politician
• 1882 - Marion Bauer, American composer and critic
• 1882 - Gisela Richter, English archaeologist and art historian
• 1883 - Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect
• 1885 - Edna Ferber, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright
• 1886 - Bill Whitty, Australian cricketer
• 1890 - Jacques Ibert, French composer and educator
• 1892 - Louis de Broglie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1892 - Abraham Wachner, New Zealand politician, 35th Mayor of Invercargill
• 1893 - Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and academic
• 1896 - Gerty Cori, Czech-American biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1896 - Catherine Doherty, Russian-Canadian activist, founded the Madonna House Apostolate
• 1896 - Paul Outerbridge, American photographer and educator
• 1898 - Jan Brzechwa, Polish author and poet
• 1900 - Estelle Brody, American silent film actress
• 1900 - Jack Tworkov, Polish-American painter and educator
• 1901 - Arnulfo Arias Madrid, 21st president of the republic of Panamá
• 1901 - Pyotr Novikov, Russian mathematician and theorist
• 1902 - Jan Campert, Dutch journalist and critic
• 1904 - George Klein, Canadian inventor, invented the motorized wheelchair
• 1909 - Hugo Winterhalter, American composer and bandleader
• 1912 - Julia Child, American chef and author
• 1912 - Wendy Hiller, English actress
• 1914 - Paul Rand, American graphic designer and art director
• 1915 - Signe Hasso, Swedish-American actress
• 1916 - Aleks Çaçi, Albanian journalist and author
• 1917 - Jack Lynch, Irish footballer and politician, 5th Taoiseach of Ireland
• 1917 - Óscar Romero, Salvadoran archbishop
• 1919 - Huntz Hall, American actor
• 1919 - Benedict Kiely, Irish journalist and author
• 1920 - Judy Cassab, Austrian-Australian painter
• 1921 - August Kowalczyk, Polish actor and director
• 1922 - Leonard Baskin, American sculptor and illustrator
• 1922 - Giorgos Mouzakis, Greek trumpet player and composer
• 1922 - Sabino Barinaga, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1923 - Rose Marie, American actress and singer
• 1924 - Robert Bolt, English playwright and screenwriter
• 1924 - Hedy Epstein, German-American Holocaust survivor and activist
• 1924 - Yoshirō Muraki, Japanese production designer, art director, and fashion designer
• 1924 - Phyllis Schlafly, American lawyer, writer, and political activist
• 1925 - Mike Connors, American actor and producer
• 1925 - Rose Maddox, American singer-songwriter and fiddle player
• 1925 - Oscar Peterson, Canadian pianist and composer
• 1925 - Bill Pinkney, American singer
• 1925 - Erik Schmidt, Swedish-Estonian painter and author
• 1926 - Julius Katchen, American pianist and composer
• 1926 - Sami Michael, Iraqi-Israeli author and playwright
• 1926 - John Silber, American philosopher and academic
• 1926 - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, Greek lawyer and politician, 6th President of Greece
• 1927 - Eddie Leadbeater, English cricketer
• 1927 - Oliver Popplewell, English cricketer and judge
• 1928 - Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar and academic
• 1928 - Malcolm Glazer, American businessman
• 1928 - Nicolas Roeg, English director and cinematographer
• 1931 - Ernest C. Brace, American captain and pilot
• 1931 - Richard F. Heck, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1932 - Abby Dalton, American actress
• 1932 – Robert L. Forward, American physicist and engineer
• 1932 - Johan Steyn, Baron Steyn, South African-English lawyer and judge
• 1933 - Bobby Helms, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1933 - Stanley Milgram, American social psychologist
• 1933 - Mike Seeger, American folk musician and folklorist
• 1934 - Bobby Byrd, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1934 - Reginald Scarlett, Jamaican cricketer and coach
• 1935 - Jim Dale, English actor, narrator, singer, director, and composer
• 1935 - Régine Deforges, French author, playwright, and director
• 1936 - Rita Shane, American soprano and educator
• 1938 - Stephen Breyer, American lawyer and judge
• 1938 - Stix Hooper, American jazz drummer
• 1938 - Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist
• 1938 - Maxine Waters, American educator and politician
• 1938 - Janusz Zajdel, Polish engineer and author
• 1940 - Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded Red Army Faction
• 1941 - Jim Brothers, American sculptor
• 1941 - Don Rich, American country musician
• 1942 - Pete York, English rock drummer
• 1943 - Eileen Bell, Northern Irish civil servant and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly
• 1944 - Dimitris Sioufas, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister of Health
• 1945 - Khaleda Zia, Bangladeshi politician, 9th Prime Minister of Bangladesh
• 1946 - Jimmy Webb, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1947 - Rakhee Gulzar, Indian film actress
• 1948 - Patsy Gallant, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1948 - Tom Johnston, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950 - Tommy Aldridge, American drummer
• 1950 - Tom Kelly, American baseball player
• 1950 - Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom
• 1951 - Ann Biderman, American screenwriter and producer
• 1951 - Bobby Caldwell, American singer-songwriter
• 1951 - John Childs, English cricketer
• 1952 - Chuck Burgi, American drummer
• 1953 - Carol Thatcher, English journalist and author
• 1953 - Mark Thatcher, English businessman
• 1953 - Wolfgang Hohlbein, German author
• 1954 - Stieg Larsson, Swedish journalist and author
• 1956 - Lorraine Desmarais, Canadian pianist and composer
• 1956 - Freedom Neruda, Ivorian journalist
• 1956 - Robert Syms, English businessman and politician
• 1957 - Željko Ivanek, Slovenian-American actor
• 1958 - Simon Baron-Cohen, English-Canadian psychiatrist and author
• 1958 - Craig MacTavish, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1958 - Simple Kapadia, Indian actress and costume designer
• 1958 - Victor Shenderovich, Russian journalist and radio host
• 1959 - Scott Altman, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
• 1961 - Ed Gillespie, American political strategist
• 1961 - Matt Johnson, English singer-songwriter and musician
• 1961 - Gary Kubiak, American football player and coach
• 1961 - Suhasini Maniratnam, Indian actress and screenwriter
• 1962 - Tom Colicchio, American chef and author
• 1962 - Rıdvan Dilmen, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1962 - Inês Pedrosa, Portuguese writer
• 1962 - Vilja Savisaar-Toomast, Estonian lawyer and politician
• 1963 - Alejandro González Iñárritu, Mexican director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1963 - Simon Hart, Welsh soldier and politician
• 1963 - Jack Russell, England cricketer and coach
• 1964 - Jane Ellison, English lawyer and politician
• 1964 - Melinda Gates, American businesswoman and philanthropist, co-founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• 1965 - Rob Thomas, American author, screenwriter, and producer
• 1966 - Scott Brosius, American baseball player and coach
• 1966 - Dimitris Papadopoulos, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1967 - Tony Hand, Scottish ice hockey player and coach
• 1968 - Debra Messing, American actress
• 1969 - Bernard Fanning, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1969 - Carlos Roa, Argentine footballer
• 1970 - Anthony Anderson, American comedian, actor, and producer
• 1970 - Ben Silverman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter, founded Electus Studios
• 1971 - Adnan Sami, Indian singer, musician, music composer, pianist and actor
• 1972 - Ben Affleck, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 - Jennifer Alexander, Canadian ballerina
• 1974 - Natasha Henstridge, Canadian model and actress
• 1974 - Tomasz Suwary, Polish footballer
• 1975 - Bertrand Berry, American football player and radio host
• 1975 - Vijay Bharadwaj, Indian cricketer and coach
• 1975 - Brendan Morrison, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 - Kara Wolters, American basketball player
• 1976 - Boudewijn Zenden, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1977 - Martin Biron, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 - Anthony Rocca, Australian footballer and coach
• 1978 - Waleed Aly, Australian journalist and television host
• 1978 - Lilia Podkopayeva, Ukrainian gymnast
• 1978 - Stavros Tziortziopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1978 - Kerri Walsh Jennings, American volleyball player
• 1979 - Carl Edwards, American race car driver
• 1981 - Brendan Hansen, American swimmer
• 1981 - Óliver Pérez, American baseball player
• 1982 - Casey Burgener, American weightlifter
• 1982 - Germán Caffa, Argentine footballer
• 1982 - David Harrison, American basketball player
• 1983 - Siobhan Chamberlain, English association football goalkeeper
• 1985 - Nipsey Hussle, American rapper
• 1987 - Ryan D'Imperio, American football player
• 1987 - Michel Kreder, Dutch cyclist
• 1987 - Sean McAllister, English footballer
• 1988 - Oussama Assaidi, Moroccan footballer
• 1989 - Joe Jonas, American singer-songwriter
• 1989 - Ryan McGowan, Australian footballer
• 1989 - Jordan Rapana, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990 - Jennifer Lawrence, American actress
• 1991 - Petja Piiroinen, Finnish snowboarder
• 1992 - Baskaran Adhiban, Indian chess player
• 1993 - Clinton N'Jie, Cameroonian footballer
• 1993 - Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, English footballer
• 1994 - Lasse Vigen Christensen, Danish footballer
• 1994 - Kosuke Hagino, Japanese swimmer
• 1995 - Chief Keef, American rapper
• 1999 - Paola Reis, BMX rider

  Deaths

• 398 - Lan Han, official of the Xianbei state Lan Yan
• 423 - Honorius, Roman emperor
• 465 - Libius Severus, Roman emperor
• 767 - Abu Hanifa, Iraqi scholar and educator
• 778 - Roland, Frankish military leader
• 873 - Yi Zong, Chinese emperor
• 874 - Altfrid, bishop of Hildesheim
• 912 - Han Jian, Chinese warlord
• 932 - Ma Xisheng, Chinese governor and king
• 978 - Li Yu, ruler of Southern Tang
• 986 - Minnborinus, Irish missionary and abbot
• 1022 - Nikephoros Phokas Barytrachelos, Byzantine rebel
• 1038 - Stephen I, Hungarian king
• 1057 - Macbeth, King of Scotland
• 1118 - Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor
• 1196 - Conrad II, Duke of Swabia
• 1224 - Marie of France, Duchess of Brabant
• 1257 - Saint Hyacinth of Poland
• 1274 - Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and educator, founded the College of Sorbonne
• 1275 - Lorenzo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
• 1328 - Yesün Temür, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
• 1369 - Philippa of Hainault, Queen consort of Edward III of England
• 1388 - Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio, Bohemian theologian and rector of the University of Paris
• 1399 - Ide Pedersdatter Falk, Danish noblewoman
• 1496 - Infanta Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile and León
• 1506 - Alexander Agricola, Flemish composer
• 1507 - John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
• 1528 - Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, French general
• 1552 - Hermann of Wied, German archbishop
• 1594 - Thomas Kyd, English playwright
• 1621 - John Barclay, Scottish poet and author
• 1666 - Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German missionary and astronomer
• 1714 - Constantin Brâncoveanu, Romanian prince
• 1728 - Marin Marais, French viol player and composer
• 1758 - Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer
• 1799 - Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet and author
• 1844 - José María Coppinger, governor of Spanish East Florida
• 1852 - Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist
• 1859 - Nathaniel Claiborne, American farmer and politician
• 1907 - Joseph Joachim, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor
• 1909 - Euclides da Cunha, Brazilian sociologist and journalist
• 1917 - Thomas J. Higgins, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient
• 1925 - Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator
• 1928 - Anatole von Hügel, Italian ethnologist and academic, co-founded St Edmund's College, Cambridge
• 1935 - Wiley Post, American pilot
• 1935 - Will Rogers, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
• 1935 - Paul Signac, French painter and author
• 1936 - Grazia Deledda, Italian novelist and poet, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1942 - Mahadev Desai, Indian activist and author
• 1945 - Korechika Anami, Japanese general and politician, 54th Japanese Minister of the Army
• 1945 - Fred Hockley, English lieutenant and pilot
• 1951 - Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist and composer
• 1953 - Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist and engineer
• 1962 - Lei Feng, Chinese soldier
• 1967 - René Magritte, Belgian painter
• 1971 - Paul Lukas, Hungarian-American actor
• 1975 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bengali politician, 1st President of Bangladesh
• 1975 - Clay Shaw, American businessman
• 1975 - Harun Karadeniz, Turkish political activist and author
• 1981 - Carol Ryrie Brink, American author
• 1981 - Jørgen Løvset, Norwegian gynaecologist and academic
• 1982 - Ernie Bushmiller, American cartoonist
• 1982 - Jock Taylor, Scottish motorcycle sidecar racer
• 1982 - Hugo Theorell, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1989 - Minoru Genda, Japanese general, pilot, and politician
• 1989 - Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, Greek general and diplomat
• 1990 - Viktor Tsoi, Russian musician and actor
• 1992 - Linda Laubenstein, American physician and academic
• 1994 - Wout Wagtmans, Dutch cyclist
• 1995 - John Cameron Swayze, American journalist and actor
• 1997 - Ida Gerhardt, Dutch poet and educator
• 1999 - Hugh Casson, English architect and interior designer
• 2001 - Yavuz Çetin, Turkish singer-songwriter
• 2001 - Richard Chelimo, Kenyan runner
• 2001 - Kateryna Yushchenko, Ukrainian computer scientist and academic
• 2004 - Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 2004 - Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat
• 2005 - Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, Indian dermatologist and academic
• 2006 - Te Atairangikaahu, New Zealand queen
• 2006 - Rick Bourke, Australian rugby league player
• 2006 - Coenraad Bron, Dutch computer scientist and academic
• 2006 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer and manager
• 2007 - Richard Bradshaw, English conductor and director
• 2007 - John Gofman, American biologist, chemist, and physicist
• 2007 - Geoffrey Orbell, New Zealand physician
• 2007 - Sam Pollock, Canadian businessman
• 2008 - Vic Toweel, South African-Australian boxer
• 2008 - Jerry Wexler, American journalist and producer
• 2011 - Rick Rypien, Canadian ice hockey player
• 2012 - Bob Birch, American bass player and saxophonist
• 2012 - Altamiro Carrilho, Brazilian flute player and composer
• 2012 - Harry Harrison, American author and illustrator
• 2013 - Rosalía Mera, Spanish businesswoman, co-founded Inditex and Zara
• 2013 - Sławomir Mrożek, Polish-French author and playwright
• 2013 - Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Nepali politician, 28th Prime Minister of Nepal
• 2014 - Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano and actress
• 2015 - Julian Bond, American academic and politician
• 2015 - Hamid Gul, Pakistani general
• 2017 - Gunnar Birkerts, Latvian-American architect

  Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day
• Christian feast day:
• * Altfrid
• * Alypius of Thagaste
• * Feast day of the Assumption of Mary, one of the Catholic holy days of obligation. ; and its related observances:
• **Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos
• ** Ferragosto
• ** Lady's Day
• ** Māras
• ** Mother's Day
• ** National Acadian Day
• **Navy Day
• ** Virgin of Candelaria, patron of the Canary Islands.
• *San La Muerte
• *Santa Muerte
• * Tarcisius
• * August 15
• Constitution Day
• Earliest day on which Children's Day can fall, while August 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Sunday in August.
• Earliest day on which Day of Hearts can fall, while August 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday in August.
• Founding of Asunción
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Korea from Japan in 1945:
• * Gwangbokjeol, "Independence Day"
• * Jogukhaebangui nal, "Fatherland Liberation Day"
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of India from the United Kingdom in 1947.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Republic of the Congo from France in 1960.
• National Day
• National Mourning Day, observed on Srabon 31
• The first day of Flooding of the Nile, or Wafaa El-Nil
• The main day of Bon Festival, and its related observances:
• * Awa Dance Festival
• Victory over Japan Day, and its related observances:
• * End-of-war Memorial Day, when the National Memorial Service for War Dead is held