December
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars. It is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December got its name from the Latin word decem because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the calendar of Romulus which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In Ancient Rome, as one of the four Agonalia, this day in honor of Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was Septimontium. Dies natalis was held at the temple of Tellus on December 13, Consualia was held on December 15, Saturnalia was held December 17–23, Opiconsivia was held on December 19, Divalia was held on December 21, Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
The Anglo-Saxons referred to December–January as Ġēolamonaþ. The French Republican Calendar contained December within the months of Frimaire and Nivôse.
Astronomy
December contains the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the day with the fewest daylight hours, and the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the day with the most daylight hours. December in the Northern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to June in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the astronomical winter is traditionally 21 December or the date of the solstice.Meteor showers occurring in December are the Andromedids, the Canis-Minorids, the Coma Berenicids, the Delta Cancrids, the Geminids, the Monocerotids, the Phoenicids, the Quadrantids, the Sigma Hydrids, and the Ursids.
Astrology
- The zodiac signs for the month of December are Sagittarius and Capricorn.
December symbols
- December's birth flower is the narcissus.
- sDecember's birthstones are the turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite.
Observances
Non-Gregorian observances: 2020 dates
- List of observances set by the Bahá'í calendar
- List of observances set by the Chinese calendar
- List of observances set by the Hebrew calendar
- List of observances set by the Islamic calendar
- List of observances set by the Solar Hijri calendar
Month-long observances
- In Catholic tradition, December is the Month of the Advent of Christ.
- National Egg Nog Month
- National Impaired Driving Prevention Month
- National Fruit Cake Month
- National Pear Month
- No Gender December
Movable observances: 2020 dates
- See also Movable Western Christian observances
- See also Movable Eastern Christian observances
- Giving Tuesday
- Farmer's Day
- Gospel Day
- Good Neighborliness Day
- Sindhi Cultural Day
- Green Monday
- National Tree Planting Day
- Koninkrijksdag
- Blue Christmas
- Brumalia
- Dongzhi Festival
- Global Orgasm
- Korochun
- Midsummer in the Southern Hemisphere.
- Sanghamitta Day
- Shalako
- Yaldā
- Yule in the Northern Hemisphere
- Ziemassvētki
- Forefathers' Day
- Boxing Day
- *Day of Good Will
- *Family Day
- *Thanksgiving
- *Start of Boxing Week
Fixed observances
- November 25 – December 10: 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence
- December 1
- *Battle of the Sinop Day
- *Bifocals at the Monitor Day
- *Damrong Rajanubhab Day
- *Day of Restoration of Independence
- *Eat A Red Apple Day
- *Feast for Death of Aleister Crowley
- *First President Day
- *Freedom and Democracy Day
- *Great Union Day
- *Military Abolition Day
- *National Day
- *Republic Day
- *Restoration of Independence Day
- *Rosa Parks Day
- *Self-governance Day
- *Teachers' Day
- *World AIDS Day
- **Day Without Art
- December 2
- *Armed Forces Day
- *International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
- *National Day
- *National Day
- *National Fritters Day
- December 3
- *Doctors' Day
- *United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities
- December 4
- *National Cookie Day
- *Navy Day
- *Saint Barbara's Day-related observances:
- **Barbórka
- **Eid il-Burbara
- *Thai Environment Day
- *Tupou I Day
- December 5
- *Bathtub Party Day
- *Children's Day
- *Day of the Ninja
- *Day of Military Honour – Battle of Moscow
- *Discovery Day
- *International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
- *Klozum
- *Saint Nicholas Eve
- **Krampusnacht
- *King's Birthday
- *Repeal Day
- *World Soil Day
- December 6
- *Anniversary of the Founding of Quito
- *Armed Forces Day
- *Constitution Day
- *Day of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan
- *Independence Day of Finland
- *National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women
- *St Nicholas Day
- December 7
- *Armed Forces Flag Day and related observances:
- **Day of the Little Candles, begins after sunset
- **Quema del Diablo, begins after sunset.
- *Flag Land Base Day
- *International Civil Aviation Day
- *National Heroes Day
- *National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
- *Spitak Remembrance Day
- December 8
- *Battle Day
- *Bodhi Day
- *CARICOM–Cuba Day
- *Constitution Day
- *Constitution Day
- *Day of Finnish Music
- *Feast of the Immaculate Conception, and its related observances:
- **Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, lesser commemoration
- **Christmas on Campus
- **Mother's Day
- **Festa da Conceição da Praia, celebrating Yemanjá, Queen of the Ocean
- **Festival of Lights
- *Pansexual/Panromantic Pride Day
- *Saint Clement of Ohrid Day
- *National Brownie Day
- *National Youth Day
- December 9
- *Anna's Day
- *Feast of the Conception of the Most Holy Theotokos by St. Anne
- *Independence Day
- *International Anti-Corruption Day
- *National Heroes Day
- *National Pastry Day
- *Navy Day
- *Remembrance for Egill Skallagrímsson
- *Yuri's Day in the Autumn
- December 10
- *Alfred Nobel Day
- *Constitution Day
- *Human Rights Day
- December 11
- *Human Rights and Peace Day
- *Indiana Day
- *National Have a Bagel Day
- *National Noodle Ring Day
- *National Tango Day
- *Pampanga Day
- *Republic Day
- December 12
- *Constitution Day
- *Croatian Air Force Day
- *Day of Neutrality
- *Feast of the Apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe
- *Feast of Masá'il Bahá'í calendar
- *Kanji Day
- *Jamhuri Day
- December 13
- *Acadian Remembrance Day
- *National Day
- *Pick a Pathologist Pal Day
- *Republic Day
- *Sailor's Day
- *Saint Lucy's Day
- December 14
- *Alabama Day
- *Forty-seven Ronin Remembrance Day
- *Martyred Intellectuals Day
- *Monkey Day
- December 15
- *Bill of Rights Day
- **2nd Amendment Day
- *Cat Herders Day
- *Homecoming Day
- *International Tea Day
- *National Cupcake Day
- *Remembrance Day of Journalists Killed in the Line of Duty
- *Zamenhof Day
- December 16
- *Barbie and Barney Backlash Day
- *National Day
- *Victory day of Bangladesh
- *Day of Reconciliation in South Africa
- December 17
- *Accession Day
- *International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers
- *National Day
- *National Maple Syrup Day
- *Pan American Aviation Day
- *Wright Brothers Day
- December 18
- *National Muffin Day
- December 19
- *Goa Liberation Day
- *National Heroes and Heroines Day
- December 20
- *Abolition of Slavery Day, also known as Fête des Cafres
- *Bo Aung Kyaw Day
- *International Human Solidarity Day
- *Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
- *National Sangria Day
- December 21
- *Armed Forces Day
- *First day of winter
- *Forefathers' Day
- *Humbug Day
- *National Hamburger Day
- *São Tomé Day
- *The first day of Pancha Ganapati, celebrated until December 25
- December 22
- *Armed Forces Day
- *Mother's Day
- *National Date Nut Bread Day
- *National Mathematics Day
- *Teachers' Day
- *Unity Day
- December 23
- *The Emperor's Birthday, a national holiday in Japan
- *Festivus
- *HumanLight
- December 24
- *Christmas Eve
- **Aðfangadagskvöld, the day when the 13th and the last Yule Lad arrives to towns.
- **Feast of the Seven Fishes
- **Juleaften /Julaften /Julafton
- **Nittel Nacht
- **Nochebuena
- **The Declaration of Christmas Peace
- *Day of Military Honour – Siege of Ismail
- *Independence Day
- *Mōdraniht
- *National Eggnog Day
- December 25
- *Children's Day
- *Christmas
- **Constitution Day
- **Good Governance Day
- **Malkh-Festival
- **Newtonmas
- **Quaid-e-Azam's Day
- **Takanakuy
- *National Pumpkin Pie Day
- December 26
- *Independence Day in Slovenia – Independence and Unity Day
- *Kwanzaa
- *Saint Stephen's Day
- *Wren Day
- December 27
- *Independence and Unity Day
- *Mauro Hamza Day
- *Mummer's Day
- *St. Stephen's Day
- **Father's Day
- *The first day of Junkanoo street parade, the second day is on the New Year's Day
- *National Fruitcake Day
- *Zartosht No-Diso
- December 28
- *Proclamation Day in South Australia
- December 29
- *Tick Tock Day
- December 30
- *Day of the Declaration of Slovakia as an Independent Ecclesiastic Province
- *Falling Needles Family Fest
- *Freedom Day
- *National Bicarbonate of Soda Day
- *Rizal Day
- December 31
- *International Solidarity Day
- *National Champagne Day
- *New Year's Eve
- *Bisperás ng Bagong Taón''
- *Ōmisoka
- *Start of Hogmanay December 31 – January 1, in some cases until January 2.