List of Turkish exonyms


An exonym is a place name, used by non-natives of that place, that differs from the official or native name for that place. This article attempts to give all known Turkish exonyms for all major cities and regions as well as some smaller towns that are historically or geographically important. Turkish has a wealth of exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Turkey notably those that were once part of Ottoman Empire and its vassals and tributaries or within the Turkish, Ottoman, or a Turkic sphere of cultural or economic influence.
In addition, Turkish sometimes renders the names of other cities in a phonetic Turkish spelling, e.g., Chicago as Şikago or Manchester as Mançester. As these forms are not commonly used in Turkish, there is not a systematic attempt to include them here.
Cities are grouped by country and then listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by Turkish variants in order of significance. A blue asterisk generally indicates the availability of a Turkish Wikipedia article for that city under that name which may also provide additional reference for the equivalence. Any other equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.

Afghanistan

Central Asia

Hungary

Turkmenistan

They are generally written like in English. "Washington", "California", "Chicago" and "Philadelphia" are more common than "Vaşington", "Kaliforniya", "Şikago" and "Filadelfiya".