Santander, Spain
Santander is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. It is a port city located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao with a population of 172,000.
It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favorable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the Great Fire of 1941. Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the United Kingdom. Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, which was founded there.
History
Origins, Roman period and Middle Ages
The origin of the earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there is little written and archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the Bay of Biscay, on the north side of the promontory of Somorrostro and along the ancient Becedo estuary. Moreover, the hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the Middle Ages.Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by King Sancho II, in the 9th century Alfonso II the Chaste founded the Abbey of the Holy Bodies in the existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of Saint Emeterius and Saint Celedonius and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name.
Alfonso VIII of Castile granted the city a fuero in 1187.
During the 12th and 13th centuries the population was contained within the walls of two different pueblas. La Puebla, the older, on the hill overlooking the city facing the bay, included the old castle, the Abbey of the Holy Bodies and the cloister. It had three rows of houses, separated by Rua Carnicerias and Rua Mayor, where the homes of prominent people of the town were, as well as those of the Abbot's canons. Meanwhile, the Puebla Nueva contained the convent of Santa Clara and San Francisco, which gave its name to one of the main streets; other important streets were the Rua de la Sal, The cavalcade Palace, Ribera, Don Gutierre, Puerta de la Sierra, Gallows and the Arcillero Rua. The two pueblas were joined by a bridge over the river that divided Becedo and flowed down to the shipyards, which were ordered by the king to take timber from the Cantabrian forests for shipbuilding. The villa was required to give the monarchy a ship per year.
By the end of the 15th century Santander had a population of about 4,000 or 5,000 inhabitants.
The city owes its existence to the excellent harbour of the Bay of Santander. Santander was an important port for Castile in the later Middle Ages, and also for trade with the New World. It officially became a city in 1755.
Great Fire of 1941
Santander fell victim to a great fire in 1941. Fanned by a strong south wind, the fire burned for two days. The fire started in Cádiz Street, next to the harbour, the Cathedral and the medieval quarter. The fire destroyed the Old Town Hall, Jesús de Monasterio and Vargas streets and Atarazanas square buildings. It led to a major change in the architecture of Santander, away from the older small stone and wood buildings with balconies to the enormous blocks of flats built during the reconstruction.There was only one casualty of the fire, a firefighter from Madrid killed in the line of duty, but thousands of families were left homeless and the city was plunged into chaos. The fire destroyed the greater part of the medieval town centre and gutted the city's Romanesque cathedral.
Geography
The city is located on the northern side of the Bahia de Santander.Climate
The city of Santander has an oceanic climate, the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10 °C.The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature on 21 January 1957. The warmest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with. Warm months are however rare.
Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. Even compared with other areas of northern Spain, such as Galicia, which have much more sunshine hours in coastal cities such as Vigo or Pontevedra. With just around 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander is about as sunny as London and Paris, and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions.
Tourism and sights
The bars and restaurants of the old town are popular with tourists, as well as the El Sardinero beach a couple of kilometres away.The Cathedral of Santander: The lower temple, called "cripta del Cristo" was built around 1200 on other earlier Roman buildings. It is 31 meters long and 18 wide, organised into three naves. Its style is a transition from romanesque to gothic.
The Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor presides over the entrance to the Bay of Santander.
Parque de la Vaguada de las Llamas is one of the largest parks in northern Spain, covering 11 hectares of the city.
Santander is pilot for a Smart city. It is embedded with 12,000 sensors.
Politics and government
The People's Party were the leading party in the municipal elections of 1999, 2003 and 2007.Economy
As a service centre at the regional level, Santander contains important public institutions and private organisations with a large number of employees, including Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, the University of Cantabria and Grupo Santander. Activities related to culture, leisure and tourism are an important part of the city's economy, and the regional and municipal authorities look to augment the summer tourist trade with additional offerings, including conventions, conferences, cultural festivals and cruises.Banco Santander, Spain's largest bank and corporation, is headquartered here.
Transport
There are ferry services to and from Portsmouth and Plymouth in the United Kingdom and Cork in Ireland, all operated by Brittany Ferries. Santander railway station serves three million annual passengers.Education
- University of Cantabria is the largest university in Cantabria.
- European University of the Atlantic is a private university founded in 2013.
- Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo specializes in teaching Spanish and culture to foreign students.
- Central Library of Cantabria, founded in 1839
Culture
Diet
Santander's cuisine is characteristic of Cantabria in that it is based mainly on seafood. Popular shellfish include almejas and navajas ; fish include seabream, red mullet, anchovies, seabass and sardines; and squid and cuttlefish are also commonly eaten.Some typical dishes from the city of Santander are the fried calamari called rabas, double donuts, bean stew called cocido montañés, and seafood dishes ranging from seabass and sardine to products such as morguera.
Notable people
Historical Figures
- Francisco Marroquin the first bishop of Guatemala and provisional Governor of Guatemala
- Toribio de Peñalva a Spanish military man, who served during the Viceroyalty of Peru as Alcalde de la Hermandad and Procurator General of Buenos Aires
- Manuel Pardo a Spanish soldier who was the Interim Governor of Spanish Texas in 1817
- José de Madrazo y Agudo a Spanish painter and engraver, an exponent of the Neoclassical style in Spain
19th century
- Jenaro Quesada, 1st Marquis of Miravalles Grandee of Spain and Spanish soldier
- José Antonio Mijares a Mexican Army Lieutenant who led the Mexican resistance force against the American garrison of San José del Cabo in the Battle of San José del Cabo
- Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez a Spanish Military Officer, politician, and statesman; Governor-General of the Philippines from 1871 to 1873
- Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola a Spanish jurist, amateur archaeologist, owned the land of the Cave of Altamira
- Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo a Spanish scholar, historian and literary critic.
- Francisco Iturrino a Spanish Post-impressionist painter of Basque ancestry, sometimes called a Fauvist
- Concha Espina a Spanish writer nominated for a Nobel prize in literature 25 times in nine years
- Marcial Solana González-Camino a Spanish scholar, writer and politician; historian of philosophy
- María Gutiérrez Blanchard a Spanish painter, developed a unique style of Cubism
- Ángel Herrera Oria a Spanish journalist, Roman Catholic politician and later a cardinal
- Gerardo Diego a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27
20th century
- Emilio Botín a Spanish banker, the chairman of Santander Group from 1950 to 1986
- José Luis Zamanillo was a Spanish Traditionalist politician and leader of Carlist paramilitary Requeté structures
- Francisco de Borbón y Borbón a Spanish aristocrat, Lieutenant General of the cavalry in the Spanish army
- Matilde Camus a Spanish poet who also wrote non-fiction
- Elena Quiroga Spanish writer, explored the themes of childhood and adolescence
- Daniel Gil one of the leading Spanish graphic designers of the 20th century
- Emilio Botín a Spanish banker, executive chairman of Spain's Grupo Santander
- Juan Carlos Calderon a Spanish singer-songwriter and musician
- Álvaro Pombo a Spanish poet, novelist and activist
- Juan Navarro Baldeweg a Spanish architect and professor at the Superior Technical School of Architecture of Madrid
- Alfonso Vallejo a Spanish playwright, poet, painter and neurologist, he has published 34 plays and 25 poetry books.
- Germán Gullón literary critic, writer and professor of Spanish literature at the University of Amsterdam
- Domingo Sarrey a visual artist and video artist.
- José Antonio Rodríguez Vega nicknamed El Mataviejas, was a Spanish serial killer who raped and killed at least 16 elderly women in and around Santander between August 1987 and April 1988
- Álvaro Longoria a film director, executive producer and actor
Athletes
- Marcos Alonso Imaz nicknamed Marquitos, was a Spanish footballer, 272 pro appearances
- José Pérez Francés a Spanish former professional road racing cyclist
- Francisco Javier Aguilar Garcia a Spanish retired professional footballer 300 pro appearances
- Seve Ballesteros a Spanish professional golfer and World No. 1
- Quique Setién a Spanish retired footballer, 518 pro appearances, current coach of FC Barcelona
- Marcos Alonso Peña a Spanish retired footballer, and a current coach, 309 pro appearances
- José Ignacio Bollaín Ochoa known as Iñaki, is a retired Spanish footballer, over 500 pro appearances
- Iván Helguera a Spanish football player, 326 pro appearances
- Pedro Munitis a Spanish football player, 475 pro appearances
- Iván de la Peña a Spanish football player, 331 pro appearances
- Mario Bermejo a Spanish retired professional footballer, 546 pro appearances
- Ruth Beitia, high jumper, gold medallist at the 2016 Olympic Games
- Gonzalo Colsa a Spanish retired footballer 394 pro appearances
Sports
Some elite teams of Santander:
| Club | Sport | Ligue | Stadium |
| Racing de Santander | Football | Segunda División | Campos de Sport de El Sardinero |
| GoFit Sinfín | Handball | Liga ASOBAL | Pabellón Municipal de La Albericia |
| Cantbasket and CD Estela | Basketball | Liga EBA | Palacio de Deportes de Santander |
| Balonmano Pereda | Women's handball | División de Honor B | Pabellón de Numancia |
| Real Sociedad de Tenis de La Magdalena | Field hockey | Honour Division | La Albericia |
| Señor Independiente | Rugby Union | Honour Division | Mies de Cozada |