Türkmenabat, formerly and since medieval times, Chardzhou and in ancient timesĀmul, is the second-largest city in Turkmenistan and the capital of LebapProvince., it had a population of approximately 254,000 people.
Etymology
The former name of the city, Çärjew, is a Turkmen borrowing from the Persian term, čahârjuy, which consists of two parts: 'čahâr', meaning 'four' and 'juy' meaning 'brook'. This type of naming is also common in Iran, like the villageSe Juy.
Geography
Türkmenabat is located at an altitude of on the banks of the Amu Darya River, near the border with Uzbekistan. Türkmenabat is at the center of Lebap province, which has borders with three provinces in Turkmenistan: Mary, Ahal and Daşoguz. The province also borders with Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Some south of Türkmenabat in the East Karakum Desert is the Repetek Nature Reserve, famed for its zemzen, or desert crocodiles.
History
Although now a modern industrial city, Türkmenabat has a history of over 2,000 years. In ancient times, it was known as Āmul. The riverAmu Darya is said to mean River of Āmul, named after this ancient city. Türkmenabat was the hub in an intersection between 3 paths of the Great Silk Way leading to Bukhara, Khiva and Merv.. For centuries, Āmul was an important town of the relatively backward Uzbek feudal khanate of Bukhara. When the Russian Empire started annexing Central AsianTurkestan, Āmul was surrendered to Russians by the Bukhara emirate, who later herself would entirely become a vassal of Russia and pledge allegiance to the Russian emperor. The modern city was founded in 1886, when Cossack Russians settled in Uralka in what is now the eastern part of Türkmenabat, naming their settlement New-Chardjuy. The settlement here was necessary to complete the construction of the Trans-Caspian railway. After the revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks came into power in Russia, communists merged former khanates into republics on the basis of nationality. Thus, Türkmenabat was passed to the newly created Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in order to reduce the territory and strength of a highly nationalistic Uzbekistan. Its role as a railway junction, and the high fertility of the Amu Darya region, made it the major trade center for agricultural products in the northeast region of the country. The city has food processing, textile factories. Chardzhou was Turkmenistan's industrial and transport hub during the Soviet period, but most of these related jobs and transport opportunities have been relocated to Ashgabat or closed since Turkmenistan's independence. From the article about Chardjuy in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : Chardjuy is an urban settlement formed near the Amu-Darya station of the Central Asian Railway, on the left bank of the Amu-Darya River, on land ceded by the emir of Bukhara to the Russian government. There are 4 068 inhabitants, including 3 501 Russians. There are wide straight streets, enough greenery, lots of shops, and a rather lively bazaar. Chardjuy is an important trade center, where goods going to Bukhara, Khiva, and partly to Afghanistan, are loaded onto river vessels. The steamboat of the Amu Darya fleet maintains communication between Patta Gissar in the south and Petro-Aleksandrovsky... At 16 verst from Chardjuy lies the rather large Bukharan city of Chardjuy, the center of Chardjuy province, with the remains of walls and a fortress; 15 thousand inhabitants. Old Chardjuy is characterized by a lively trade exchange. In 1900, 1820244 pd arrived at the station. ; Sent from the Chardjuy station in the same year: 963382.
Climate
Türkmenabat has a cool desert climate, with cool winters and very hot summers. Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and occurs mainly in the winter and spring months.
Demographics
Türkmenabat is unusual in Turkmenistan because it has population which speaks its own dialect. This regional dialect mostly consist of Turkmen language and Uzbek language which has heavily influenced the area's culture and customs. This dialect is mostly spoken in Turkmenabat and Northern provinces of Lebap.
Transport
Türkmenabat is connected with the Turkmen capital Ashgabat and Turkmen port city Türkmenbaşy by Turkmenistan Airlines and the M37 highway. Türkmenabat is also connected by train to every province in Turkmenistan. A new terminal of Turkmenabat International Airport opened in 2018. The capacity of the airport complex is 500 passengers per hour. Türkmenabat offers air service to and from all the major cities of the Turkmenistan, as well as some destinations to Moscow and Bokhtar.
Culture
Tasinlikler meydanchasy is a park where people celebrate national holidays. Türkmenabat also well known for its bazaars. The largest bazaar is "World bazaar" which is known by the name Dunya bazar. Other well-known bazaars are Gok bazar and Merkezi bazar. People from all around the country come to Türkmenabat in order to purchase local, Chinese, Turkish, Uzbek and Russian goods. Dunya bazar has many sections, including those for jewelry, home appliances, clothes, diary, cars, and other items. One of the most attractive places in Türkmenabat is Zaton, is an artificial beach, located about from the center of the city. During the whole summer youth gather at 'Zaton' for relaxation and enjoyment.
Education
Türkmenabat has one state-owned University specializing in teacher training, a medical college, carrier schools, public schools, and specialised arts and sports schools. Until recently, there was a Tutkmenabat Turkmen-Turkish High School which was part of the countrywide network of Turkmen-Turkish schools, and one of the leading schools in the city. It followed a national educational curriculum, where students have a good opportunity to learn English as well as Turkish and Russian languages. Students of this school have attended international Olympiads and gained many medals in different branches of Science and Technology. Students of Turkmen-Turkish Schools are honored as 'Pride of Nation'. As a result of recent changes in education policy, Turkmen-Turkish school in Türkmenabat was turned into a specialised boarding school.
