1499

January–December

• January 8 - Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.
• May 19 - 13-year-old Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII of England, is married by proxy to his brother, 12-year-old Arthur, Prince of Wales.
• July 22 - Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
• July 28 - First Battle of Lepanto: The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians.
• August - Polydore Vergil completes De inventoribus rerum, the first modern history of inventions.
• August 24 - Lake Maracaibo is discovered, by Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci.
• September 18 - Vasco da Gama arrives at Lisbon, returning from India, and is received by King Manuel of Portugal.
• September 22 - Treaty of Basel: Maximilian is forced to grant the Swiss de facto independence.
• October 25 - The Pont Notre-Dame in Paris, constructed under Charles VI of France, collapses into the Seine.
• November 5 - The Catholicon is published in Tréguier. This Breton–French–Latin dictionary had been written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.
• November 23 - Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
• November 28 - Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York, is executed for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
• December 18 - The Rebellion of the Alpujarras begins in the Kingdom of Granada.

  Date unknown

• The French under Louis XII seize Milan, driving out Duke Ludovico Sforza; Leonardo da Vinci flees to Venice.
• Montenegro, the last free monarchy in the Balkans, is annexed by the Ottoman Empire, as part of the sanjak of Shkodër.
• Johannes Trithemius inadvertently reveals interests in magic, by writing a letter to a Carmelite monk about a treatise he is writing on steganography.
• Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa matriculates at Cologne University.
• Giggleswick School is founded by Reverend James Carr, in England.

  Births

• January 15 - Samuel Maciejowski, Polish bishop
• January 20 - Sebastian Franck, German humanist
• January 29 - Katharina von Bora, German nun, wife of Martin Luther
• February 10 - Thomas Platter, Swiss humanist scholar and writer
• March 22 - Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler
• March 31 - Pope Pius IV
• May 14 - Agostino Gallo, Italian agronomist
• June 24 - Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg
• July 17 - Maria Salviati, Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici
• August 14 - John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English noble
• September 3 - Diane de Poitiers, French duchess, mistress of Henry II of France
• October 13 - Claude of France, queen consort of France, daughter of Louis XII of France
• October 14 - Catherine of the Palatinate, Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar
• October 31 - Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg
• November 1 - Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble
• December 8 - Sebald Heyden, German musicologist and theologian
• December 13 - Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor
• date unknown
• * Hans Asper, Swiss painter
• * Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter
• * Cesare Hercolani, Italian military leader
• * Jan Łaski, Polish Protestant reformer
• * Laurentius Petri, Archbishop of Uppsala
• * Giulio Romano, Italian painter
• * Bernardino de Sahagún, Franciscan missionary
• * Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician
• * Ming, Icelandic clam
• probable - Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer

  Deaths

• January 9 - John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg
• March 24 - Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman
• April 7 - Galeotto I Pico, Duke of Mirandola
• August 29 - Alesso Baldovinetti, Florentine painter
• October 1 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher
• November 23 - Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter
• November 28 - Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the English House of York
• date unknown
• * Rennyo, leader of the Ikko sect of Buddhism
• * Muhammad Rumfa, ruler of Kano
• * Laura Cereta, Italian humanist and feminist