Trams in Moscow


The Moscow tramway network, which is divided into two sub-networks, is a key element of the public transport system in Moscow, the capital city of Russia. Opened in 1872, it has been operated since 1958 by Mosgortrans, a state-owned company.

Overview

The two sub-networks had a combined total route length of, making the whole network the fourth largest in the world, after the networks in Melbourne, St. Petersburg and Berlin.
The tram is historically the second type of urban passenger transport in Moscow, the successor of the Konka. However, the presence in Moscow by the beginning of the 20th century horse-railways hindered the development of tram lines. For the laying of tram lines, it was necessary first to free the roads from horse tracks. In 1901, the council purchased the first competition of the Belgian joint-stock company. When, in 1903, came a period of redemption horse-drawn railway the second Belgian joint stock company, the Duma is not solved, as, according to N. I. Astrov: "In Russia we have not experienced builders and engineers". In November 1905, immediately after the events of October elected a new mayor Nikolai Guchkov. Its launching coincided with the revolutionary actions of workers of Moscow in November–December 1905. As soon as the life in the town had returned to normal, Nikolai Ivanovich ordered to proceed with the laying of tram tracks. In February 1907, a movement began in the Myasnitska street, the Sretenka street and the Lubyanka street, from the Passion of the monastery Dmitrovka and further the Sretenka and Myasnitskaya. The first electric tram routes linked the outskirts of the Garden ring with the center and mainly repeated konechnye.
May 18, 1910 the city council on the proposal of N. I. Guchkov made a decision about carrying out in 1912 in Moscow, the congress of tram companies.
To the 1910 years the dense network of lines was observed in the western part of the centre with the formation of arcs on the Garden and Boulevard rings. In 1918 the total length of tram lines in the city amounted to In 1926 the length of track grew to in 1918, there were 475 cars, and in 1926 — 764. Average speed of trams increased from in 1918 to in 1926.

History of the network

The apogee of Moscow's tram network was in the early 1930s, when it served both rings and all connecting streets, gas lines were laid and on the outskirts. In 1934, when the tram was the dominant mode of transport, 2.6 million of the city's population of 4 million used the tram every day. More radical changes took place in the 1940s, when trams were replaced by trolleybuses in the western part of the Boulevard Ring and removed from the Kremlin. With the development of the metro in the 1950s some of the lines leading to the suburbs were closed, and the carriage of freight ceased.
In 1958, the tram and trolleybus administration was merged with the passenger transport department to form the Department of Passenger Transport of Moscow, which operated all three types of surface public transport: bus, trolleybus and tram.
In the 1960s and 1970s, tram lines were finally eliminated in the western part of the city and from the Garden Ring. However, new lines were laid in areas that were not served by the metro: Medvedkovo Chertanovo, Perovo and Novogireevo. After the closure of the lines between Lower Maslivka and Tikhvin streets in 1965 and on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya street in 1973, the lines operating from the Krasnaya Presnya tram depot in the north-west of the city was severed from the rest of the network. In the mid-1990s a new wave of line closures started, mainly on major highways near the city centre. In 1995, the company closed the line on Peace Prospect, then at the Bottom Maslovka due to the construction of the 3rd ring road. For the same reason in the early 2000s, the rails on Treadmill street, near the 1905 Street metro station and on Dvintsev street were lifted. In 2004, in connection with forthcoming reconstruction, the Leningrad Prospect line was closed. In 2008 the lines on Forest street and Volokolamsky highway closed. Between 1989 and 2004 the length of the lines fell from 460 to . In 1990 daily ridership was over 800,000, but by the late 1990s this had fallen to about 150,000 passengers. From 30–31 August 2013 in the framework of the experimental introduction of night routes of public transport route № 3 is translated to round-the-clock work.

List of routes

А. Chistye prudy subway station – Kaluzhskaya Square
Б. Sokol'nicheskaya Zastava – Kursky Railway Station
1. Moskvoretsky Market – Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya
2. Semyonovskaya subway station – Children's sanatorium
3. Chistye prudy subway station – Balaklavsky Prospect
4л. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station
4пр. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station
6. Sokol subway station – Bratsevo
7. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Belorussky Rail Terminal
9. Belorussky Rail Terminal — MIIT
10. Shchukinskaya subway station – Ulitsa Kulakova
11. Ostankino – 16th Parkovaya St.
12. 16th Parkovaya St. – 2nd ulitsa Mashinostroyeniya
13. Kalanchovskaya St. – Children's sanatorium
14. Kaluzhskaya Ploshad' – Universitet subway station
15. Sokol subway station – Tallinskaya Str.
16. Novodanilovsky Proezd - Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya
17. Ostankino - Medvedkovo
20. Kursky Rail Terminal - Krasnokazarmennaya Ploschad'
20п. Kursky Rail Terminal — Proletarskaya subway station
21. Tallinskaya St. - Schukinskaya subway station
23. Sokol subway station – Mikhalkovo
24. Kursky Railway Station - Novogireevo
25. Ostankino - Sokol'nicheskaya Zastava
26. Oktyabrskaya subway station – Universitet subway station
27. Voikovskaya subway station - Dmitrovskaya subway station
28. Prospekt Marshala Zhukova - Sokol subway station
29. Children's sanatorium - Bogorodskoye
30. Tallinskaya St. - Mikhalkovo
31. Prospekt Marshala Zhukova - Voikovskaya underground station
32. Proezd Entuziastov - Partizanskaya subway station
34. 16th Parkovaya St. - Semyonovskaya subway station
35. Nagatino - Novokonnaya ploschad'
36. Children's sanatorium - Novogireyevo
37. Kalanchyovskaya St. - Novogireyevo
38. Cheryomushki - 3rd Vladimirskaya St.
39. Chistye prudy subway station - Universitet subway station
40. Novokonnaya ploschad' - Ugreshskaya MCC
43. Semyonovskaya subway station - Ugreshskaya MCC
45. Novokonnaya ploschad' - Sokol'nicheskaya Zastava
46. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station - Novokonnaya Ploshad'
47. Nagatino - Kaluzhskaya Ploshad'
47к. Nagatino - "Nizhniye Kotly" railway station
49. Nagatino - Balaklavsky Prospect
50. Novovorotnikovskiy pereulok - Proezd Entuziastov