October 20 Events 1548 - The city of La Paz is founded by Alonso de Mendoza . 1568 - The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. 1572 - Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the relief of Goes . 1720 - Caribbean pirate Calico Jack is captured by the Royal Navy. 1740 - France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony refuse to honour the Pragmatic Sanction , and the War of the Austrian Succession begins. 1781 - The Patent of Toleration , providing limited freedom of worship, is approved in Austria. 1803 - The United States Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase . 1818 - The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and the United Kingdom, which settles the Canada–United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length. 1827 - In the Battle of Navarino , a combined Turkish and Egyptian fleet is defeated by British, French and Russian naval forces in the last significant battle fought with wooden sailing ships. 1883 - Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón , by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific . 1904 - Chile and Bolivia sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship , delimiting the border between the two countries. 1910 - The hull of the, sister-ship to the ill-fated RMS Titanic, is launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. 1935 - The Long March , a mammoth retreat undertaken by the armed forces of the Chinese Communist Party a year prior, ends. 1941 - World War II: Thousands of civilians in German-occupied Serbia are murdered in the Kragujevac massacre . 1944 - World War II: The Soviet Army and Yugoslav Partisans liberate Belgrade . 1944 - Liquefied natural gas leaks from storage tanks in Cleveland and then explodes , leveling 30 blocks and killing 130 people. 1944 - American general Douglas MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he commands an Allied assault on the islands. 1947 - The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigation into Communist infiltration of the Hollywood film industry, resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years. 1951 - The "Johnny Bright incident" occurs in Stillwater, Oklahoma. 1952 - The Governor of Kenya declares a state of emergency and begins arresting hundreds of suspected leaders of the Mau Mau Uprising . 1961 - The Soviet Union performs the first armed test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile , launching an R-13 from a Golf-class submarine. 1962 - China launches simultaneous offensives in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line, igniting the Sino-Indian War . 1968 - Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis. 1973 - "Saturday Night Massacre": United States President Richard Nixon fires U.S. Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork. 1973 - The Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II after 14 years of construction. 1976 - The ferry George Prince is struck by a ship while crossing the Mississippi River. Seventy-eight passengers and crew die, and only 18 people aboard the ferry survive. 1977 - Rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd's airplane crashes . Lead singer Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Steve Gaines perish in the crash. 1981 - Two police officers and an armored car guard are killed during an armed robbery carried out by members of the Black Liberation Army and Weather Underground. 1982 - During the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem, 66 people are crushed to death in the Luzhniki disaster . 1991 - A 6.8 Mw earthquake strikes the Uttarkashi region of India, killing more than 1,000 people. 2011 - Libyan Civil War: Rebel forces capture Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown of Sirte and kill him shortly thereafter.Births 888 - Zhu Youzhen , emperor of Later Liang 1475 - Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai , Italian poet and playwright 1496 - Claude, Duke of Guise 1554 - Bálint Balassi , Hungarian writer and noble 1612 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington , Anglo-Irish nobleman, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland , Cavalier 1616 - Thomas Bartholin , Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian 1620 - Aelbert Cuyp , Dutch painter 1632 - Christopher Wren , English physicist, mathematician, and architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral 1632 - Edward Hungerford , English politician 1660 - Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven , English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1677 - Stanisław Leszczyński , King of Poland 1711 - Timothy Ruggles , American lawyer, jurist, and politician, 1718 - Catherine Gordon, Duchess of Gordon , Scottish aristocrat 1719 - Gottfried Achenwall , German historian, economist, and jurist 1740 - Isabelle de Charrière , Dutch author and poet 1759 - Chauncey Goodrich , American lawyer and politician, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut 1780 - Pauline Bonaparte , French sister of Napoleon 1784 - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston , English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1785 - George Ormerod , English historian and author 1790 - Patrick Matthew . Scottish farmer and biologist 1801 - Melchior Berri , Swiss architect and educator, designed the Natural History Museum of Basel 1808 - Karl Andree , German geographer and journalist 1819 - Báb , Iranian religious leader, founded Bábism *1822 - Thomas Hughes , English lawyer and judge 1832 - Constantin Lipsius , German architect and theorist 1847 - Frits Thaulow , Norwegian painter 1854 - Arthur Rimbaud , French soldier and poet 1858 - John Burns , English union leader and politician, President of the Board of Trade 1859 - John Dewey , American psychologist and philosopher 1864 - James F. Hinkle, American banker and politician, 6th Governor of New Mexico 1874 - Charles Ives , American composer 1882 - Margaret Dumont , American actress 1882 - Bela Lugosi , Hungarian-American actor 1885 - Jelly Roll Morton , American pianist, composer, and bandleader 1887 - Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan 1889 - Johann Gruber , Austrian priest and saint 1890 - Aleksander Maaker , Estonian bagpipe player 1891 - Samuel Flagg Bemis , American historian and author 1891 - James Chadwick , English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1893 - Charley Chase , American actor, director, and screenwriter 1894 - Olive Thomas , American model and actress 1895 - Rex Ingram , American actor 1895 - Morrie Ryskind , American writer/director 1897 - Yi Un , South Korean general 1900 - Ismail al-Azhari , Sudanese politician, 3rd President of Sudan 1900 - Wayne Morse , American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician 1901 - Frank Churchill , American film composer 1901 - Adelaide Hall , American-English singer, actress, and dancer 1904 - Tommy Douglas , Scottish-Canadian minister and politician, 7th Premier of Saskatchewan 1904 - Enolia McMillan , American educator and activist 1904 - Anna Neagle , English actress, singer, and producer 1907 - Arlene Francis , American actress and television personality 1908 - Stuart Hamblen , American singer-songwriter, actor, and radio show host 1909 - Carla Laemmle , American actress and photographer 1909 - Yasushi Sugiyama , Japanese painter 1910 - Chen Liting , Chinese director and playwright 1912 - Ruhi Su , Turkish singer-songwriter 1913 - Grandpa Jones , American singer-songwriter and banjo player 1914 - Fayard Nicholas , American actor, dancer, and choreographer 1917 - Stéphane Hessel , German-French activist and diplomat 1917 - Jean-Pierre Melville , French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1918 - Martin Drewes , German soldier and pilot 1918 - Robert Lochner , American-German soldier and journalist 1919 - Tracy Hall , American chemist and academic 1920 - Nick Cardy , American illustrator 1920 - Fanny de Sivers , Estonian-French linguist and academic 1920 - Siddhartha Shankar Ray , Indian lawyer and politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal 1921 - Manny Ayulo , American race car driver 1921 - Hans Warren , Dutch poet and author 1922 - John Anderson , American actor 1922 - Franco Ventriglia , American opera singer 1923 - Robert Craft , American conductor and musicologist 1924 - Robert Peters , American poet, playwright, and critic 1925 - Art Buchwald , American soldier and journalist 1925 - Tom Dowd , American record producer and engineer 1925 - Roger Hanin , Algerian-French actor, director, and screenwriter 1926 - Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu , English lieutenant and politician, founded the National Motor Museum 1927 - Joyce Brothers , American psychologist, author, and actress 1927 - Gunturu Seshendra Sarma , Indian poet and critic 1928 - Michael O'Donnell , English physician, author, and journalist 1931 - Richard Caliguiri , American lawyer and politician, 54th Mayor of Pittsburgh 1931 - Mickey Mantle , American baseball player and sportscaster 1931 - Ken Morrison , English businessman 1932 - Rosey Brown , American football player and coach 1932 - William Christopher , American actor and singer 1932 - Rokurō Naya , Japanese voice actor 1933 - Barrie Chase , American actress and dancer 1934 - Bill Chase , American trumpet player 1934 - Eddie Harris , American saxophonist 1935 - Jerry Orbach , American actor and singer 1937 - Cancio Garcia , Filipino lawyer and jurist 1937 - Wanda Jackson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1937 - Juan Marichal , Dominican baseball player and sportscaster 1937 - Emma Tennant , English author 1938 - Emidio Greco , Italian director and screenwriter 1938 - Iain Macmillan , Scottish photographer and educator 1939 - Patrick Hughes , English painter, illustrator, and photographer 1940 - Kathy Kirby , English singer 1940 - Robert Pinsky , American poet and critic 1940 - Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa , Cameroonian filmmaker 1941 - Anneke Wills , English actress 1942 - Earl Hindman , American actor 1942 - Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard , German biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate 1942 - Bart Zoet , Dutch cyclist 1943 - Dunja Vejzović , Croatian soprano and actress 1944 - Nalin de Silva , Sri Lankan physicist and philosopher 1944 - David Mancuso , American party planner, created The Loft 1945 - Ric Lee , English drummer 1946 - Diana Gittins , American-English sociologist, author, and academic 1946 - Lewis Grizzard , American comedian and author 1946 - Elfriede Jelinek , Austrian author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate 1946 - Richard Loncraine , English director and screenwriter 1946 - Lucien Van Impe , Belgian cyclist 1946 - Chris Woodhead , English civil servant and academic 1948 - Peter Combe , Australian entertainer 1948 - Sandra Dickinson , American-English actress and composer 1948 - Piet Hein Donner , Dutch jurist and politician, Dutch Minister of Justice 1948 - Melih Gökçek , Turkish journalist and politician, Mayor of Ankara 1949 - Valeriy Borzov , Ukrainian-Russian sprinter 1949 - George Harris , British actor 1950 - Tom Petty , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1950 - William Russ , American actor and director 1951 - Al Greenwood , American keyboard player 1951 - Patrick Hall , English lawyer and politician 1951 - Ken Ham , Australian-American evangelist 1951 - Leif Pagrotsky , Swedish businessman and politician 1951 - Claudio Ranieri , Italian footballer and manager 1952 - Melanie Mayron , American actress and director 1952 - Derek Ridgers , English photographer and art director 1952 - Wilma Josefina Salgado , Ecuadorian politician and economist 1953 - Keith Hernandez , American baseball player and sportscaster 1953 - Richard McWilliam , American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded the Upper Deck Company 1953 - Bill Nunn , American actor 1954 - Steve Orich , American composer and conductor 1955 - Thomas Newman , American composer and conductor 1955 - David Profumo , English author and academic 1955 - Aaron Pryor , American boxer 1955 - Sheldon Whitehouse , American politician from the state of Rhode Island 1956 - Danny Boyle , English director, producer, and screenwriter 1956 - Martin Taylor , English guitarist 1957 - Jane Bonham-Carter, Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury , English politician 1957 - Chris Cowdrey , English cricketer and sportscaster 1957 - Hilda Solis , American academic and politician, 25th United States Secretary of Labor 1958 - Valerie Faris , American director and producer 1958 - Lynn Flewelling , American author and academic 1958 - Scott Hall , American wrestler 1958 - Mark King , English singer-songwriter and bass player 1958 - Dave Krieg , American football player 1958 - Viggo Mortensen , American-Danish actor and producer 1959 - Mark Little , Australian comedian, actor, and screenwriter 1960 - Konstantin Aseev , Russian chess player and trainer 1961 - Audun Kleive , Norwegian drummer and composer 1961 - Kate Mosse , English author and playwright 1961 - Ian Rush , Welsh footballer and manager 1961 - Les Stroud , Canadian director, producer, and harmonica player 1961 - Michie Tomizawa , Japanese voice actress and singer 1962 - David M. Evans, American director and screenwriter 1962 - Dave Wong , Hong Kong-Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor 1963 - Julie Payette , Canadian engineer and astronaut 1963 - Nikos Tsiantakis , Greek footballer 1963 - Stan Valckx , Dutch footballer and manager 1964 - Kamala Harris , American lawyer and politician, 32nd Attorney General of California 1964 - Tomoko Yamaguchi , Japanese actress and singer 1965 - Norman Blake , Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1965 - Jonathan I. Schwartz, American businessman 1965 - Mikhail Shtalenkov , Russian ice hockey player 1965 - William Zabka , American actor and producer 1966 - Abu Musab al-Zarqawi , Jordanian militant Islamist 1966 - Allan Donald , South African cricketer and coach 1966 - Patrick Volkerding , American computer scientist and engineer, founded Slackware 1967 - Elizabeth Carling , English actress and singer 1967 - Kerrod Walters , Australian rugby league player 1967 - Kevin Walters , Australian rugby league player and coach 1968 - Susan Tully , English actress, director, and producer 1969 - Laurie Daley , Australian rugby league player and coach 1969 - Juan González , Puerto Rican-American baseball player 1969 - Labros Papakostas , Greek high jumper 1970 - Sander Boschker , Dutch footballer 1970 - Neil Heywood , English-Chinese businessman 1970 - Aapo Ilves , Estonian poet and illustrator 1970 - Michelle Malkin , American blogger and author 1971 - Snoop Dogg , American rapper, producer, and actor 1971 - Eddie Jones , American basketball player 1971 - Kamiel Maase , Dutch runner 1971 - Dannii Minogue , Australian singer-songwriter and actress 1972 - Pie Geelen , Dutch swimmer 1972 - Will Greenwood , English rugby player and sportscaster 1972 - Brian Schatz , American academic and politician, 11th Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii 1974 - Bashar Rahal , Emirati-American actor and producer 1974 - Brian Limond , Scottish comedian and writer 1974 - Ed Hale , American singer-songwriter, writer and socio-political activist 1976 - Nikolaos Bacharidis , Greek footballer 1976 - Dan Fogler , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1976 - Nicola Legrottaglie , Italian footballer and manager 1977 - Matt Jansen , English footballer and manager 1977 - Leila Josefowicz , Canadian-American violinist 1977 - Erko Saviauk , Estonian footballer 1977 - Sam Witwer , American actor and musician 1978 - Virender Sehwag , Indian cricketer 1978 - Paul Wilson , Scottish bass player and songwriter 1979 - Vasyl Baranov , Ukrainian footballer 1979 - Paul Ifill , English footballer 1979 - John Krasinski , American actor, director, and producer 1979 - Paul O'Connell , Irish rugby player 1979 - Paul Terek , American decathlete 1980 - Chad Robinson , Australian rugby league player 1980 - José Veras , Dominican baseball player 1981 - Dimitris Papadopoulos , Greek footballer 1981 - Francisco Javier Rodríguez , Mexican footballer 1982 - Kristian Bak Nielsen , Danish footballer 1982 - Becky Brewerton , Welsh golfer 1983 - Flavio Cipolla , Italian tennis player 1983 - Luis Saritama , Ecuadorian footballer 1983 - Michel Vorm , Dutch footballer 1983 - Alona Tal , Israeli actress 1984 - Mitch Lucker , American singer-songwriter 1984 - Florent Sinama Pongolle , French footballer 1984 - Andrew Trimble , Irish rugby player 1985 - Dominic McGuire , American basketball player 1985 - Alphonso Smith , American football player 1985 - James Sutton , English race car driver 1986 - Wanlop Saechio , Thai footballer 1986 - Elyse Taylor , Australian model 1987 - Raphael Hackl , German rugby player 1988 - Candice Swanepoel , South African supermodel and philanthropist 1989 - Jess Glynne , English singer-songwriter 1990 - Sam Mataora , Cook Islands rugby league player 1991 - Zulfahmi Khairuddin , Malaysian motorcycle racer 1992 - Ksenia Semyonova , Russian gymnast 1992 - Ferhat Yazgan , Turkish footballer 1996 - Anthony Sinisuka Ginting , Indonesian badminton player 1998 - Jordan Ridley , Australian rules footballer Deaths 460 - Aelia Eudocia , Byzantine wife of Theodosius II 967 - Li Yixing , Chinese governor 1122 - Ralph d'Escures , archbishop of Canterbury 1139 - Henry X, Duke of Bavaria 1187 - Pope Urban III 1327 - Teresa d'Entença , Countess of Urgell 1401 - Klaus Störtebeker , German pirate 1423 - Henry Bowet , Archbishop of York 1439 - Ambrose the Camaldulian , Italian theologian 1438 - Jacopo della Quercia , Sienese sculptor 1524 - Thomas Linacre , English physician and scholar 1538 - Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , condottiero 1570 - João de Barros , Portuguese historian and author 1602 - Walter Leveson , Elizabethan member of parliament, Shropshire landowner 1640 - John Ball , English clergyman and theologian 1652 - Antonio Coello , Spanish poet and playwright 1713 - Archibald Pitcairne , Scottish physician and academic 1740 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor 1865 - Champ Ferguson , American guerrilla leader 1870 - Michael William Balfe , Irish violinist and composer 1871 - Karl Christian Ulmann , Latvian-German theologian and academic 1880 - Lydia Maria Child , American journalist, author, and activist 1883 - George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall 1890 - Richard Francis Burton , English-Italian geographer and explorer 1894 - James Anthony Froude , English historian, novelist, biographer and editor 1900 - Naim Frashëri , Albanian poet and translator 1908 - Vaiben Louis Solomon , Australian politician, 21st Premier of South Australia 1910 - David B. Hill, American lawyer and politician, 29th Governor of New York 1926 - Eugene V. Debs, American union leader and politician 1928 - Jack Peddie , Scottish footballer 1935 - Arthur Henderson , Scottish-English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , Nobel Prize laureate 1936 - Anne Sullivan , American educator 1940 - Gunnar Asplund , Swedish architect and academic, co-designed Skogskyrkogården 1941 - Ken Farnes , English cricketer and soldier 1950 - Henry L. Stimson, American colonel, lawyer, and politician, 46th United States Secretary of State 1953 - Werner Baumbach , German colonel and pilot 1956 - Lawrence Dale Bell , American industrialist and founder of Bell Aircraft Corporation 1957 - Michalis Dorizas , Greek-American javelin thrower and football player 1964 - Herbert Hoover , American engineer and politician, 31st President of the United States 1967 - Shigeru Yoshida , Japanese politician and diplomat, 32nd Prime Minister of Japan 1968 - Bud Flanagan , English actor and screenwriter 1972 - Harlow Shapley , American astronomer and academic 1977 - Steve Gaines, American guitarist 1977 - Ronnie Van Zant, American singer-songwriter 1978 - Gunnar Nilsson , Swedish race car driver 1983 - Yves Thériault , Canadian author 1983 - Merle Travis , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1984 - Carl Ferdinand Cori , Czech-American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate 1984 - Paul Dirac , English-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate 1987 - Andrey Kolmogorov , Russian mathematician and academic 1988 - Sheila Scott , English pilot and author 1989 - Anthony Quayle , English actor and director 1990 - Joel McCrea , American actor 1992 - Werner Torkanowsky , German-American conductor 1993 - Yasushi Sugiyama, Japanese painter 1994 - Burt Lancaster , American actor 1995 - Christopher Stone , American actor, director, and screenwriter 1995 - John Tonkin , Australian politician, 20th Premier of Western Australia 1999 - Calvin Griffith , Canadian-American businessman 1999 - Jack Lynch , Irish footballer, lawyer, and politician, 5th Taoiseach of Ireland 2001 - Ted Ammon , American financier and banker 2003 - Jack Elam , American actor 2004 - Anthony Hecht , American poet and educator 2004 - Chuck Hiller , American baseball player, coach, and manager 2005 - Shirley Horn , American singer and pianist 2005 - Eva Švankmajerová , Czech painter and poet 2005 - André van der Louw , Dutch lawyer and politician, 16th Mayor of Rotterdam 2006 - Arnold Viiding , Estonian shot putter and discus thrower 2006 - Jane Wyatt , American actress 2007 - Max McGee , American football player and sportscaster 2008 - Gene Hickerson , American football player 2010 - W. Cary Edwards, American politician 2010 - Bob Guccione , American publisher, founded Penthouse magazine 2010 - Eva Ibbotson , Austrian-English author 2010 - Max Kohnstamm , Dutch historian and diplomat 2010 - Farooq Leghari , Pakistani politician, 8th President of Pakistan 2011 - Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan colonel and politician, Prime Minister of Libya 2011 - Mutassim Gaddafi , Libyan colonel 2011 - Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr , Libyan politician 2012 - Przemysław Gintrowski , Polish poet and composer 2012 - Paul Kurtz , American philosopher and academic 2012 - Dave May , American baseball player 2012 - John McConnell , American activist, created Earth Day 2012 - E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 2012 - Raymond Watson , American businessman 2013 - Jovanka Broz , Croatian-Serbian colonel 2013 - Don James , American football player and coach 2013 - Lawrence Klein , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 2013 - Joginder Singh , Kenyan race car driver 2013 - Larri Thomas , American actress and dancer 2013 - Sid Yudain , American journalist, founded Roll Call 2014 - René Burri , Swiss photographer and journalist 2014 - Oscar de la Renta , Dominican-American fashion designer 2014 - Christophe de Margerie , French businessman 2015 - Makis Dendrinos , Greek basketball player and coach 2015 - Arno Gruen , German-Swiss psychologist and psychoanalyst 2015 - Kazimierz Łaski , Polish-Austrian economist and academic 2015 - Michael Meacher , English academic and politician, Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions 2015 - Ian Steel , Scottish cyclist and manager 2016 - Robert E. Kramek, former United States Coast Guard admiral 2016 - Junko Tabei , Japanese mountaineer 2018 - Wim Kok , Dutch prime minister 2019 - Aquilino Pimentel Jr., Filipino politicianHolidays and observances Christian feast days: *Acca of Hexham *Aderald *Artemius *Caprasius of Agen *Hedwig *Irene of Tomar *Magdalene of Nagasaki *Margaret Marie Alacoque *Maria Bertilla Boscardin *Mater Admirabilis *October 20 Arbor Day Heroes' Day Revolution Day, one of the two Patriotic Days Vietnamese Women's Day World Osteoporosis Day World Statistics Day
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