Niger sent five athletes, their second largest contingent ever, equalling the most sports in which they have participated. to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. It was Niger's 10th Olympics; their only medalist has been Issaka Dabore, in boxing, at the 1972 games.
;Men Harouna Garba competed on Niger's behalf at the Beijing Olympics in the men's 400 meters hurdles. He was born in 1986, and was 22 years old at the time of his participation in his Beijing event. Garba had not previously competed at any Olympic games. During the qualification round of Garba's event, which took place on August 15, the Nigerien athlete was placed in the first heat against six other competitors. Garba finished the event in 55.14 seconds, placing last out of seven, and was directly behind Portugal's Edivaldo Monteiro and Japan's Kenji Narisako in a heat led by Bershawn Jackson of the United States and Pieter de Villiers of South Africa. Of the 25 athletes completing the event, Garba ranked last. He did not advance to later rounds. ;Women Rachidatou Seini Maikido's 1:03.19 time bested what had been Salamtou Hassane's national record time of 1:03.28 in the 2004 Olympics Women's 400 metres. Rachidatou Seini Maikido competed as Niger's only female track athlete at the Beijing Olympics. Born in 1988, Maikido was 19 years old at the time of her participation in the women's 400 meters races. Maikido had not previously competed at any Olympic event or games. On August 16, the Nigerien athlete was placed in the third heat of the qualification round against six other athletes. She finished the event in 1:03.19, finishing last behind Haitian runner Ginou Etienne and Puerto Rican athlete Carol Rodriguez in a heat led by RussianAnastasiya Kapachinskaya and the AmericanMary Wineberg. Of the 50 athletes who competed in the round, Maikido ranked in 49th place. She and last place finalist Ghada Ali of Libya were the only athletes in the round to not break one minute. Maikido did not advance to later rounds.
Swimming
competed at the Beijing Olympics in the men's 50 meters freestyle as the only male Nigerien swimmer at the Games that year. Born in 1978, Alhousseini was 30 years old at the time of his event at the Olympics. The Nigerien had not previously competed at any Olympic games. The event in which Alhousseini competed hosted its preliminary round on August 14. Placed in the second heat against five other athletes, Alhousseini finished in fourth place after completing the event in 30.90 seconds. The Nigerien ranked ahead of Antigua and Barbuda's Kareem Valentine and behind Yemen's Abdulsalam Al Gadabi in a heat led by Laotian swimmer Thepphithak Chindavong and Burkinabé athlete Rene Jacob Yougbara. Of the 97 athletes competing in the event's preliminary round, Alhousseini finished in 95th place. He did not advance to later rounds. Mariama Souley Bana competed at the Beijing Olympics as the only Nigerien female swimmer in the competition. She competed in the women's 50 meters freestyle event. Born in Niger in 1987, Bana was 21 years old when she competed at the Olympic games in Beijing. She had not previously competed in any Olympic games or events. Her event's preliminary round took place on August 15, and she competed in the second heat against seven other athletes. Bana ranked last in the heat with a time of 40.83 seconds, placing behind BurundianElsie Uwamahoro in seventh and Burkina Faso's Elisabeth Nikiema in sixth. The heat was led by Zakia Nassar of Palestine and Karishma Karki of Nepal. Of the 90 athletes who finished the event's preliminary round, Bana ranked last. She did not advance to later rounds. ;Men ;Women
