List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century

The following is a list of the largest optical telescopes in the 20th century, paying special attention to the diameter of the mirror or lens of the telescope's objective, or aperture. Aperture rank currently goes approximately by the usable physical aperture size and not by aperture synthesis, although interferometers attained some of the highest angular resolutions at visible and infrared wavelengths compared to traditional telescopes. Diverging methods of construction and use for reflecting telescopes in that area make comparing synthesized aperture irregular.
For instance, Keck I or II alone has less angular resolution than the Keck Interferometer, however, the Keck Interferometer is used for a much narrower range of type of observations. Ultimately, a valid comparison between two telescopes must take into consideration more specifications, when a general measurement becomes obtuse.
Aperture of the primary mirror alone can be poor measure of a reflective telescope's significance; for example, the Hubble Space Telescope has only a primary mirror. In addition, many large or significant telescopes are not optical and/or reflecting. However, many famous optical telescopes have had large apertures on their primary mirror with corresponding good angular resolution.
Including optical observatories, including UV, visible and some optical infrared telescopes, near infrared. Covers from about 1901 to 2001, with some flexibility to accommodate ambiguity in classification, for example some 2002 telescope, if it was nearly operation in 2001. 19th century and earlier telescopes that ceased operation are not included, but the list is not complete.

Table of optical telescopes

Multiple mirror telescopes are ranked by their equivalent optical area, not peak interferometric aperture unless it is not relevant for the design. See also List of astronomical interferometers at visible and infrared wavelengths.
See also List of largest optical refracting telescopes, as this list does yet not include such large refractors as the Yerkes Observatory.

Name/Observatory	Aperture m	Aper. in	Mirror type	Nationality of Sponsors	Site and/or Observatory	FL or Built	Image
Keck 1	10 m	394″	Segmented,36	United States	Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii	1993
Keck 2	10 m	394″	Segmented,36	United States	Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii	1996
Hobby-Eberly Telescope	9.2 m	362″	Segmented,91	United States, Germany	McDonald Observatory, Texas	1997
Subaru	8.2 m	323″	Single	Japan	Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii	1999
VLT 1	8.2 m	323″	Single	ESO Countries + Chile	Paranal Observatory, Chile	1998
VLT 2	8.2 m	323″	Single	ESO Countries + Chile	Paranal Observatory, Chile	1999	-
VLT 3	8.2 m	323″	Single	ESO Countries + Chile	Paranal Observatory, Chile	2000*	-
VLT 4	8.2 m	323″	Single	ESO Countries + Chile	Paranal Observatory, Chile	2001*	-
Gemini North	8.1 m	318″	Single	United States, Canada, Chile, Australia, Argentina, Brazil	Mauna Kea Obs., Hawaii	1999
Gemini South	8.1 m	318″	Single	United States, Canada, Chile, Australia, Argentina, Brazil	Cerro Pachón, Chile	2001	-
MMT	6.5 m	256″	Single	United States	F. L. Whipple Obs., Arizona	2000	-
Magellan 1	6.5 m	256″	Honeycomb	United States	Las Campanas Obs., Chile	2000
Magellan 2	6.5 m	256″	Honeycomb	United States	Las Campanas Obs., Chile	2002*	-
BTA-6	6 m	238″	Single	USSR + Russia	Zelenchukskaya, Caucasus	1976	-
Hale Telescope	5.08 m	200″	Single	United States	Palomar Observatory, California	1948
MMT optics replaced	4.7 m	186″	6 mirrors	United States	F. L. Whipple Obs., Arizona	1979–1998	-
William Herschel Telescope	4.2 m	165″	Single	UK, Netherlands, Spain	ORM, Canary Islands	1987
SOAR	4.1 m	161″	Single	United States, Brazil	Cerro Pachón, Chile	2002*
Nicholas U. Mayall 4m	4 m	158″	Single	USA	Kitt Peak National Obs.; Arizona	1973
Victor M. Blanco Telescope	4 m	158″	Single	USA	Cerro Tololo Inter-American Obs., Chile	1976
Anglo-Australian Telescope	3.89 m	154″	Single	United Kingdom + Australia	Anglo-Australian Obs.; Siding Spring, Australia	1975
United Kingdom Infrared Telescope	3.8 m	150″	Single IR	United Kingdom	Mauna Kea Observatories; Mauna Kea, Hawaii	1978	-
3.67m AEOS Telescope	3.67 m	145″	Single	United States	Air Force Maui Optical Station; Haleakala, Hawaii	1996	-
Telescopio Nazionale Galileo	3.58 m	138″	Single	Italy	ORM; La Palma, Canary Islands	1997
New Technology Telescope	3.58 m	142″	Single	ESO countries	European Southern Observatory; Cerro La Silla, Chile	1989
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope	3.58 m	141″	Single	Canada, France, United States	Mauna Kea Observatories, USA	1979
ESO 3.6 m Telescope	3.57 m	140″	Single	ESO countries	European Southern Observatory; Cerro La Silla, Chile	1977
MPI-CAHA 3.5m	3.5 m	138″	Single	West Germany+Spain	Calar Alto Obs., Spain	1984	-
USAF Starfire 3.5m	3.5 m	138″	Single	USA	Starfire Optical Range; New Mexico	1994
WIYN Telescope	3.5 m	138″	Single	USA	Kitt Peak National Obs., USA	1994
Astrophysical Research Consortium	3.48 m	137″	Single	USA	Apache Point Obs.; Sacramento Peak, New Mexico	1994	-
Shane Telescope	3.05 m	120″	Single	United States	Lick Observatory; Mt. Hamilton, California	1959
Infrared Telescope Facility	3 m	118″	Single IR	United States	Mauna Kea, Hawaii	1979	-
NASA-LMT retired	3 m	118″	Liquid	USA	Sacramento Peak, New Mexico, USA	1995–2002	-
Harlan J. Smith Telescope	2.72 m	107″	Single	USA	McDonald Observatory, Texas, USA	1969-
UBC-Laval LMT	2.65 m	104″	Liquid	Canada	Vancouver, Canada	1992–	-
Shajn 2.6m	2.64 m	103″	Single		Crimean Astrophysical Obs., Ukraine	1961	-
BAO 2.6	2.6 m	102″	Single		Byurakan Astrophysical Obs.; Mt. Aragatz, Armenia	1976	-
Nordic Optical Telescope	2.56 m	101″	Single	Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, Finland	La Palma, Canary Islands	1988
Isaac Newton Telescope	2.54 m	100″	Zerodur	UK	La Palma, Canary Islands moved/new mirror	1984
du Pont	2.54 m	100″	Single	USA	Las Campanas Observatory, Chile	1976	-
Hooker 100-Inch Telescope	2.54 m	100″	Single	United States	Mt. Wilson Observatory; California	1917	-
Sloan DSS	2.5 m	98″	Single	United States	Sacramento Peak, New Mexico	1997	-
Isaac Newton Telescope	2.54 m	98″	Single	UK	RGO, Sussex, England	1965–1979	-
Hiltner Telescope	2.4 m	95″	Single	United States	MDM Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona	1986	-
Hubble	2.4 m	94″	Single	NASA+ESA	Low Earth orbit	1990	-
Vainu Bappu	2.34 m	92″	Single		Vainu Bappu Observatory, India	1986	-
WIRO 2.3	2.3 m	90.5″	Single	USA	Wyoming, USA	1977	-
ANU 2.3m ATT	2.3 m	90″	Single	Australia	Siding Spring Obs., Australia	1984	-
Bok Telescope	2.3 m	90″	Single	USA	Steward Obs., Kitt Peak, Arizona	1969	-
University of Hawaii 2.2 m	2.24 m	88″	Single	USA	Mauna Kea Observatories, Hawaii	1970	-
MPIA-ESO	2.2 m	87″	Single	West Germany	Cerro La Silla, Chile	1984	-
MPIA-CAHA 2.2m	2.2 m	87″	Single	West Germany	Calar Alto Observatory, Spain	1979	-
Xinglong 2.16m	2.16 m	85″	Single	PRC	Xinglong, China	1989	-
Jorge Sahade 2.15m	2.15 m	84″	Single		Leoncito Astronomical Complex, Argentina	1987	-
INAOE 2.12	2.12 m	83″	Single	Mexico, USA	Guillermo Haro Observatory; Sonora	1987	-
UNAM 2.12	2.12 m	83"	Single		NAO; San Pedro, Mexico	1979	-
Kitt Peak 2.1-meter	2.1 m	83″	Single	USA	Kitt Peak, USA	1964	-
Otto Struve Telescope	2.1 m	82	Single	USA	McDonald Observatory, USA	1939	-
Himalayan Chandra Telescope	2.01 m	79″	Single	India	Indian Astronomical Obs., Hanle	2000	-
Alfred Jensch Teleskop	2 m	79″	Single		Karl Schwarzschild Observatory	1960	-
Carl Zeiss Jena	2 m	79″	Single		Shamakhi Astrophysical Obs., Azerbaijan	1966	-
Ondřejov 2-m	2 m	79″	Single	USSR + Czechoslovakia	Ondřejov Observatory, Czech	1967
Ritchey-Chretien-Coude	2 m	79″	Single		Rozhen Observatory, Bulgaria	1984	-
Carl Zeiss Jena	2 m	79″	Single		Main Ukraine Obs.		-
Bernard Lyot Telescope	2 m	79″	Single	France	Pic du Midi Obs., France	1980
Faulkes Telescope South	2 m	79″	Single	UK	Siding Spring Obs., Australia	2001
MAGNUM	2 m	79″	Single IR	Japan	Haleakala Obs., USA	2001	-
OHP 1.93	1.93 m	76″	Single	France	Haute-Provence Observatory, France	1958	-
74 inch Radcliffe Telescope	1.88 m	74″	Single		South African Astronomical Obs., Sutherland, 1974–Present Radcliffe Obs.,1948– 1974	1950	-
188 cm telescope	1.88 m	74″	Single	Japan	Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, Japan	1960	-
DDO 1.88 m	1.88 m	74″	Single	Canada	David Dunlap Observatory, Ontario	1935	-
74" reflector	1.88 m	74″	Single	Australia	Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australia	1955–2003	-
Kottamia telescope 1.88 m	1.88 m	74″	Single	Egypt	Egypt	1960	-
Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope	1.83 m	72″	Single	Vatican City	Mt. Graham International Obs., Arizona	1993	-
72-Inch Perkins Telescope	1.83 m	72″	Single	USA	Lowell Observatory, Anderson Mesa USA	1964	-
Plaskett telescope	1.83 m	72″	Single	Great Britain	Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Canada	1918	-
Copernico 182 cm	1.82 m	72″	Single	Italy	Asiago Observatory, Italy	1973	-
1.8m Ritchey Cretien reflector	1.8 m	72″	Single	Korea	Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, Korea	1996	-
Sandy Cross Telescope	1.8 m	71″	Single	Canada	Rothney Astrophysical Observatory	1996	-
Spacewatch 1.8-meter Telescope	1.8 m	71″	Single	USA	Kitt Peak National Observatory, USA	2001	-
69-inch Perkins Telescope	1.75 m	69″	Single	USA	Perkins Observatory, Ohio	1931–1964	-
165 cm telescope	1.65 m	65″	Single		Moletai Astronomical Obs., Lithuania	1991	-
McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope	1.61 m	63″	Single	USA	Kitt Peak National Obs., USA	1962
AZT-33	1.6 m	63″	Single		Sayan Solar Obs., Siberia	1981	-
1.6 m Perkin Elmer	1.6 m	63″	Single	Brazil	Pico dos Dias Observatory	1981	-
1.6	1.6 m	63″	R/C	Canada	Mont Mégantic Observatory, Canada	1978	-
Kaj Strand Telescope	1.55 m	61″	Single	USA	USN Obs. Flagstaff Station,USA	1964	-
61" Kuiper Telescope	1.55 m	61″	Single	USA	Steward Obs., Mt. Bigelow, USA	1965	-
Oak Ridge Observatory 61" reflector	1.55 m	61″	Single	USA	Oak Ridge Observatory, Massachusetts, USA	1933-2005	-
Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre	1.54 m	60.6″	Single	Argentina	Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre, Argentina	1942	-
Danish 1.54 meter telescope	1.54 m	60.6″	Single	Denmark	La Silla Observatory, Chile	1979	-
Harvard 60-inch Reflector	1.524 m	60″	Single	United States	Harvard College Observatory, USA	1905–1931	-
60-Inch Telescope	1.524 m	60″	Single	United States	Mt. Wilson Observatory; California	1908
Dunn Solar Telescope ex-VTT	1.524 m	60″	Single	USA	National Solar Obs.-Sacramento Peak, USA	1969	-
Palomar Observatory 60 inch	1.524 m	60″	Single	USA	Palomar Observatory, California, USA	1970	-
FLWO 1.5m Tillinghast	1.52 m	60″	Single	United States	F. L. Whipple Obs., Arizona	1994	-
Telescopio Carlos Sánchez	1.52 m	60″	Single	UK + Spain	Teide Observatory, Tenerife	1971	-
OHP 1.52	1.52 m	60″	Single	France	Haute-Provence Obs., France	1967	-
Mt. Lemmon 60" Telescope	1.52 m	60″	Single	USA	Steward Observatory, Mount Lemmon, USA	1970	-
OAN 1.52 m	1.52 m	60″	Single	Spain	Calar Alto Observatory, Spain	1970s	-
152 cm G.D. Cassini	1.52 m	60″	Single	Italy	Mount Orzale, Italy	1976	-
TIRGO	1.50 m	59″	Single IR	Italy + Switzerland	Hochalpine Forschungsstation Jungfraujoch und Gornergrat, Alps, Switzerland	1979–2005	-
AZT-22	1.5 m	59″	Single	USSR, Uzbekistan	Mount Maidanak, Uzbekistan	1972	-
AZT-20	1.5 m	59″	Single		Assy-Turgen Observatory, Kazakhstan		-
AZT-12	1.5 m	59″	Single	USSR, Estonia	Tartu Observatory, Estonia	1976	-
RTT-150	1.5 m	59″	Single	Russia, Turkey	TÜBİTAK National Observatory, Turkey	2001	-
OSN 1.5m	1.5 m	59″	Single	Spain	Sierra Nevada Obs., Spain	1991	-
BST-1M	1.5 m	59″	Single IR	USSR	Salyut 6, Earth Orbit	1977–1982	-
USNOFS 1.3m	1.3 m	51″	Single	USA	USN Obs. Flagstaff Station,USA	1998	-
Warsaw Telescope	1.3 m	51″	Single	Poland	Las Campanas Obs., Chile	1996	-
Skinakas 1.3m Telescope	1.3m	51	Single	Greece	Skinakas Obs., Greece	1995	-
McGraw-Hill Telescope	1.27 m	50″	Single	USA	MDM Observatory, Arizona Stinchfield Woods, Michigan	1969	-
Great Melbourne Telescope	127 cm	50″	Single	Australia	Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australia	1961-1973 1992-2003	-
AZT-11	1.25 m	49″	Single		Abastumani Obs., Georgia	1976	-
AZT-11	1.25 m	49″	Single		Crimean Astrophysical Obs., Ukraine	1981	-
MPIA 1.2	1.23 m	48.4″	Single	West Germany + Spain	Calar Alto Obs., Spain	1975	-
Babelsberg Zeiss	1.25 m	49″	Single	Germany, USSR	Babelsberg Observatory; Berlin, Germany, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory	1924	-
Galileo 122 cm	1.22 m	48″	Single	Italy	Asiago Observatory, Italy	1942	-
Samuel Oschin telescope	1.22 m	48″	Schmidt	USA	Palomar Observatory; California	1948	-
OHP 1.20	1.2 m	48″	Single	France	Haute-Provence Obs., France	1943	-
Paris 48″ Reflector	1.2 m	48″		France	Paris Observatory, France	1871–1943	-
Great Melbourne Telescope	122 cm	48″	reflector – metal	Australia	Melbourne Observatory, Australia	1878-1944	-
Oskar-Lühning Telescope	1.2 m	47″	Single	Germany	Hamburg Observatory, Germany	1975	-
Leonhard Euler Telescope	120 cm	47″	Single	Switzerland	La Silla, Chile	1998	-
Mercator Telescope	120 cm	47″	Single	Belgium+Switzerland	ORM; La Palma, Canary Islands	2001	-
Hamburg Robotic Telescope	120 cm	47″	Single	Germany	Hamburg-Bergdorf Obs., Germany	2002*	-
Hänssgen's reflector	107 cm	42″	Single	Germany	Mobile	2002*	-
Grubb Parsons 40-inch	102 cm	40″	Single	Sweden	Stockholm Observatory in Saltsjöbaden	1930–present	-
Nickel Telescope	102 cm	40″	Single	USA	Lick Observatory, USA	1979
Grubb 40-inch	102 cm	40"	Single	USSR	Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Simeiz	1925–1944	-
George Ritchey 40-inch	102 cm	40″	R/C	USA	Flagstaff, Arizona	1934	-
Yerkes "41-inch"	102 cm	40″	Single	USA	Yerkes Observatory, USA	1968	-
Meudon Observatory 1m	100 cm	39.4″	Single	France	Meudon Observatory/ Paris Observatory	1891	-
ZIMLAT	100 cm	39.4″	Single	Switzerland	Zimmerwald Obs., Switzerland	1997	-
OGS Telescope	100 cm	39.4″	Single	European Space Agency countries	Teide Observatory, Tenerife	1995	-
Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope	100 cm	39.4″	Single	UK + Netherlands	Isaac Newton Group, Canary Islands	1984
Lulin One-meter Telescope	100 cm	39.4″	Single	ROC	Lulin Observatory, Taiwan	2002*	-
Zeiss di Merate	100 cm	39.4″	Single	Kingdom of Italy	Merate Obs., Merate, Italy	1926
Zeiss 1m reflector	100 cm	39.4″	Single	Belgium	Royal Obs., Uccle, Belgium	1920s	-
Hamburg Spiegelteleskop''	100 cm	39.4″	Single	Deutsches Reich	Hamburg-Bergdorf Obs., Germany	1911
1-m Carl Zeiss Jena	100 cm	39.4″	Single	CCCP	Assy-Turgen Observatory, Kazakhstan		-
James Gregory Telescope	94 cm	37"	SCT	Great Britain	University of St Andrews, UK	1962
Schmidt 92/67 cm	92 cm	36″	Schmidt	Italy	Cima Ekar Observatory, Asiago, Italy	1966	-
Kuiper Airborne Obs.	91.4 cm	36″	Single	USA	C-141	1974–1995	-
Stratoscope 2	91.4 cm	36″	Single	USA	Balloon	1961–1973	-
Crossley Reflector	91.4 cm	36″	Single	US+UK	Lick Observatory, USA	1896
36-inch Yapp reflector	91.44 cm	36″	Reflector	UK	Greenwich & Herstmonceux	1932

This table does not include all the 20th largest mirrors manufactured; the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab produced the 6.5-metre f/1.25 collimator used in the Large Optical Test and Integration Site of Lockheed Martin, used for vacuum optical testing of other telescopes.
Segmented are also known as Mosaic mirrors. Single mirrors, also called monolithic and can be sub-categorized in types, such as solid or honeycomb.

Selected telescopes with apertures of 90 cm (35.4 in.) and smaller

Some famous 20th century regionally famous telescopes, space telescopes, or otherwise significant.

Name	Aperture m	Aper. in	Mirror/type	Nationality/Sponsors	Site	Built/Used	-
Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope	90 cm	35.4″	Single UV	USA	STS, Earth Orbit	1990, 1995	-
Meudon Great Refractor	83cm	32.67"	refractor	France	Meudon, France	1891
83-cm Reflector, Toulouse Observatory	83cm	32.67"	reflector-glass	France	Toulouse, France	1875
Focault 80 cm, Marseille Observatory	80 cm	31.5"	reflector-glass	Focault	Marseille, France	1862-1965	-
Astron	80 cm	31.5″	Single UV	CCCP + France	Earth orbit	1983–1989	-
Potsdam Great Refractor	80 cm	31.5 ″	Doublet	Germany	Potsdam, Germany	1899
Ruisinger	76.2 cm	30″	Single-Newtonian	United States	Louisburg, Kansas – Powell Obs.	1985	-
Greenwich 28 inch refractor Royal Observatory, Greenwich	71 cm	28″	Doublet	British Empire	Greenwich, England Herstmonceux, England	1893
Meudon Great Refractor	62 cm		refractor	France	Meudon, France	1891
Infrared Space Observatory	60 cm	23.5″	IR	European Space Agency	Earth orbit	1995–1998	-
IRAS	57 cm	22.44″	R/C IR	US + UK + The Netherlands	Earth orbit	1983
Mons Telescope	50 cm	19.7″	Single	Belgium	Teide Observatory, Tenerife	1972	-
Dutch Open Telescope	45 cm	17.7″	Solar	Denmark	ORM, Canary Islands	1997	-
Explorer 57	45 cm	17.7″	Single UV	US+UK+ESA Countries	Earth orbit	1978–1996	-
Glazar UV telescope	40 cm	15.75″	Single UV	CCCP	Kvant-1, Earth Orbit	1987–2001	-
Glazar 2 UV telescope	40 cm	15.75″	Single UV	CCCP + Switzerland	Kristall, Earth Orbit	1990–2001	-
Mars Global SurveyorMOC	35 cm	13.8″	R/C	USA	Mars Orbit	1996–2006	-
Griffith Observatory 12-inch Zeiss refractor	30.5 cm	12"	Achromat	USA	L.A., USA	1931
XMM-NewtonUV camera	30 cm	11.9″	Single UV	ESA Countries	Earth orbit	1998	-
TRACE	30 cm	11.9″	Single EUV/UV/Vis	NASA	Earth orbit	1998–2010	-
Hipparcos	29 cm	11.4″	Schmidt	European Space Agency	Earth orbit	1989–1993	-
Astronomical Netherlands Satellite	22 cm	8.7″	Single UV	Nederlands & USA	Earth Orbit	1974–1976	-
Galileo – Solid State Imager	17.65 cm	6.95″	Reflector	USA	Jupiter	1989–2003	-
Voyager 1/2, ISS-NAC	17.6 cm	6.92″	Catadioptric	USA	Space	1977	-
Spacelab IRT	15.2 cm	6″	IR	ESA + NASA	STS, Earth Orbit	1985	-
Mariner 10 - TV Photo.	15 cm	5.9″	Reflector	USA	Space	1973–1975	-
Deep Space 1MICAS	10 cm	3.94″	Single	USA	Solar Orbit	1998–2001	-
Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph	7.62 cm	3″	Schmidt UV	USA	Lunar surface	1972	-
Voyager 1/2, ISS-WAC	6 cm	2.36″	Lens	USA	Space	1977	-

At the end of the 20th century preliminary designs for Extremely large telescope of the 21st century were being worked on, as well as many smaller telescopes such as the Large Binocular Telescope

Under Construction

Examples of telescopes that were started in the 20th century, but may only have achieved a preliminary level of construction by the turn of the century.

Name/Observatory	Aperture m	Aper. in	Mirror type	Nationality of Sponsors	Site and/or Observatory	FL or Built
GTC	10.4 m	409″	Segmented,36	Spain, Mexico, USA	Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma	2007
Faulkes Telescope North	2 m	79″	Single	UK	Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii	2003

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