List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is "cuisine of Italy". A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there, for example, "Germans" are people of or from Germany.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final s or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women. The French terminations -ois / -ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding e makes them singular feminine; es makes them plural feminine. The Spanish and Portuguese terminations -o usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a. The plural forms are usually -os and -as respectively.
Adjectives ending in -ish can be used as collective demonyms. So can those ending in -ch / -tch provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound.
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Notable examples are cuisines, cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds.
In cases where two or more adjectival forms are given, there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two. This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries, where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other tends to relate to the predominant ethnic group.
In addition, several countries have a large number of sub-names for their citizens in the form of nicknames for people of certain different areas; these are usually related to something typical of the area. In Puerto Rico for example, people who come from the town of Bayamón are referred to as "Cowboy" or "Cowgirl"; those from Caguas are referred to as "Criollo" or "Criolla". Except in cases such as Spain, in which sub-names have been used interchangeably by others, sub-names belonging to some areas in a country are not listed here.
Table
| Country/entity name | Adjectivals | Demonyms |
| Abkhazia | Abkhaz, Abkhazian | Abkhazians |
| Afghanistan | Afghan | Afghans |
| Åland Islands | Åland Island | Åland Islanders |
| Albania | Albanian | Albanians |
| Algeria | Algerian | Algerians |
| American Samoa | American Samoan | American Samoans |
| Andorra | Andorran | Andorrans |
| Angola | Angolan | Angolans |
| Anguilla | Anguillan | Anguillans |
| Antarctica | Antarctic | Antarctic residents |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Antiguan or Barbudan | Antiguans or Barbudans |
| Argentina | Argentine, Argentinian | Argentines, Argentinians |
| Armenia | Armenian | Armenians |
| Aruba | Aruban | Arubans |
| Australia | Australian | Australians |
| Austria | Austrian | Austrians |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani, Azeri | Azerbaijanis, Azeris |
| Bahamas, The | Bahamian | Bahamians |
| Bahrain | Bahraini | Bahrainis |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | Bangladeshis |
| Barbados | Barbadian | Barbadians |
| Belarus | Belarusian | Belarusians |
| Belgium | Belgian | Belgians |
| Belize | Belizean | Belizeans |
| Benin | Beninese, Beninois | Beninese, Beninois |
| Bermuda | Bermudian, Bermudan | Bermudians, Bermudans |
| Bhutan | Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
| Bolivia, Plurinational State of | Bolivian | Bolivians |
| Bonaire | Bonaire, Bonairean | Bonaire Dutch |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian or Herzegovinian | Bosnians or Herzegovinians |
| Botswana | Motswana, Botswanan | Batswana, Botswanans |
| Bouvet Island | Bouvet Island | Bouvet Islanders |
| Brazil | Brazilian | Brazilians |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | BIOT | British |
| Brunei | Bruneian | Bruneians |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | Bulgarians |
| Burkina Faso | Burkinabé | Burkinabè/Burkinabé |
| Burma | Burmese | Burmese, Burman |
| Burundi | Burundian | Burundians, Barundi |
| Cabo Verde | Cabo Verdean | Cabo Verdeans |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | Cambodians |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | Cameroonians |
| Canada | Canadian | Canadians |
| Cayman Islands | Caymanian | Caymanians |
| Central African Republic | Central African | Central Africans |
| Chad | Chadian | Chadians |
| Chile | Chilean | Chileans |
| China, People's Republic of | Chinese | Chinese |
| Christmas Island | Christmas Island | Christmas Islanders |
| Cocos Islands | Cocos Island | Cocos Islanders |
| Colombia | Colombian | Colombians |
| Comoros | Comoran, Comorian | Comorans, Comorians |
| Congolese | Congolese | |
| Congo, Republic of the | Congolese | Congolese |
| Cook Islands | Cook Island | Cook Islanders |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | Costa Ricans |
| Croatia | Croatian | Croatians, Croats |
| Cuba | Cuban | Cubans |
| Curaçao | Curaçaoan | Curaçaoans |
| Cyprus | Cypriot | Cypriots |
| Czech Republic | Czech | Czechs |
| Denmark | Danish | Danes |
| Djibouti | Djiboutian | Djiboutians |
| Dominica | Dominican | Dominicans |
| Dominican Republic | Dominican | Dominicans |
| East Timor | Timorese | Timorese |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | Ecuadorians |
| Egypt | Egyptian | Egyptians |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | Salvadorans |
| England | English people, English | English, Englishmen/Englishwomen |
| Equatorial Guinea | Equatorial Guinean, Equatoguinean | Equatorial Guineans, Equatoguineans |
| Eritrea | Eritrean | Eritreans |
| Estonia | Estonian | Estonians |
| Eswatini | Swazi, Swati | Swazis |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | Ethiopians, Habesha |
| European Union | European | Europeans |
| Falkland Islands | Falkland Island | Falkland Islanders |
| Faroe Islands | Faroese | Faroese |
| Fiji | Fijian | Fijians |
| Finland | Finnish | Finns |
| France | French | French, Frenchmen/Frenchwomen |
| French Guiana | French Guianese | French Guianese |
| French Polynesia | French Polynesian | French Polynesians |
| French Southern Territories | French Southern Territories | French |
| Gabon | Gabonese | Gabonese, Gabonaise |
| Gambia, The | Gambian | Gambians |
| Georgia | Georgian | Georgians |
| Germany | German | Germans |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | Ghanaians |
| Gibraltar | Gibraltar | Gibraltarians |
| Greece | Greek, Hellenic | Greeks, Hellenes |
| Greenland | Greenlandic | Greenlanders |
| Grenada | Grenadian | Grenadians |
| Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe | Guadeloupians, Guadeloupeans |
| Guam | Guamanian | Guamanians |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | Guatemalans |
| Guernsey | Channel Island | Channel Islanders |
| Guinea | Guinean | Guineans |
| Guinea-Bissau | Bissau-Guinean | Bissau-Guineans |
| Guyana | Guyanese | Guyanese |
| Haiti | Haitian | Haitians |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands | Heard Island or McDonald Islands | Heard Islanders or McDonald Islander |
| Honduras | Honduran | Hondurans |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong, Cantonese, Hong Konger | Hongkongers, Hong Kongese |
| Hungary | Hungarian, Magyar | Hungarians, Magyars |
| Iceland | Icelandic | Icelanders |
| India | Indian | Indians |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | Indonesians |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Iranian, Persian | Iranians, Persians |
| Iraq | Iraqi | Iraqis |
| Ireland | Irish | Irish, Irishmen/Irishwomen |
| Isle of Man | Manx | Manx |
| Israel | Israeli, Israelite | Israelis |
| Italy | Italian | Italians |
| Ivory Coast | Ivorian | Ivorians |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | Jamaicans |
| Jan Mayen | Jan Mayen | Jan Mayen residents |
| Japan | Japanese | Japanese |
| Jersey | Channel Island | Channel Islanders |
| Jordan | Jordanian | Jordanians |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakhstani, Kazakh | Kazakhstanis, Kazakhs |
| Kenya | Kenyan | Kenyans |
| Kiribati | I-Kiribati | I-Kiribati |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | North Korean | Koreans |
| Korea, Republic of | South Korean | Koreans |
| Kosovo | Kosovar, Kosovan | Kosovars |
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti | Kuwaitis |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstani, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz | Kyrgyzstanis, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | Lao, Laotian | Laos, Laotians |
| Latvia | Latvian, Lettish | Latvians, Letts |
| Lebanon | Lebanese | Lebanese |
| Lesotho | Basotho | Basotho |
| Liberia | Liberian | Liberians |
| Libya | Libyan | Libyans |
| Liechtenstein | Liechtensteiner | Liechtensteiners |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | Lithuanians |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg, Luxembourgish | Luxembourgers |
| Macau | Macanese, Chinese | |
| Madagascar | Malagasy | Malagasy |
| Malawi | Malawian | Malawians |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | Malaysians |
| Maldives | Maldivian | Maldivians |
| Mali | Malian, Malinese | Malians |
| Malta | Maltese | Maltese |
| Marshall Islands | Marshallese | Marshallese |
| Martinique | Martiniquais, Martinican | Martiniquais/Martiniquaises |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | Mauritanians |
| Mauritius | Mauritian | Mauritians |
| Mayotte | Mahoran | Mahorans |
| Mexico | Mexican | Mexicans |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Micronesian | Micronesians |
| Moldova | Moldovan | Moldovans |
| Monaco | Monégasque, Monacan | Monégasques, Monacans |
| Mongolia | Mongolian | Mongolians, Mongols |
| Montenegro | Montenegrin | Montenegrins |
| Montserrat | Montserratian | Montserratians |
| Morocco | Moroccan | Moroccans |
| Mozambique | Mozambican | Mozambicans |
| Myanmar | Myanma or Burmese | Myanmars |
| Namibia | Namibian | Namibians |
| Nauru | Nauruan | Nauruans |
| Nepal | Nepali, Nepalese | Nepali, Nepalese |
| Netherlands | Dutch, Netherlandic | Dutch, Dutchmen/Dutchwomen, Netherlanders |
| New Caledonia | New Caledonian | New Caledonians |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | New Zealanders |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | Nicaraguans |
| Niger | Nigerien | Nigeriens |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | Nigerians |
| Niue | Niuean | Niueans |
| Norfolk Island | Norfolk Island | Norfolk Islanders |
| North Macedonia | Macedonian | Macedonians |
| Northern Ireland | Northern Irish | Northern Irish, Northern Irishmen/Northern Irishwomen |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Northern Marianan | Northern Marianans |
| Norway | Norwegian | Norwegians |
| Oman | Omani | Omanis |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | Pakistanis |
| Palau | Palauan | Palauans |
| Palestine | Palestinian | Palestinians |
| Panama | Panamanian | Panamanians |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinean, Papuan | Papua New Guineans, Papuans |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | Paraguayans |
| Peru | Peruvian | Peruvians |
| Philippines | Filipino, Philippine | Filipinos/Filipinas |
| Pitcairn Islands | Pitcairn Island | Pitcairn Islanders |
| Poland | Polish | Poles |
| Portugal | Portuguese | Portuguese |
| Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | Puerto Ricans |
| Qatar | Qatari | Qataris |
| Réunion | Réunionese, Réunionnais | Réunionese, Réunionnais/Réunionnaises |
| Romania | Romanian | Romanians |
| Russia | Russian | Russians |
| Rwanda | Rwandan | Rwandans, Banyarwanda |
| Saba | Saba, Saban | Saba Dutch |
| Saint Barthélemy | Barthélemois | Barthélemois/Barthélemoises |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | Saint Helenian | Saint Helenians |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Kittitian or Nevisian | Kittitians or Nevisians |
| Saint Lucia | Saint Lucian | Saint Lucians |
| Saint Martin | Saint-Martinoise | Saint-Martinois/Saint-Martinoises |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Saint-Pierrais, Miquelonnais | Saint-Pierrais/Saint-Pierraises or Miquelonnais/Miquelonnaises |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Saint Vincentian, Vincentian | Saint Vincentians or Vincentians |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Sahrawi, Western Saharan, Sahrawian | Sahrawis, Western Saharans |
| Samoa | Samoan | Samoans |
| San Marino | Sammarinese | Sammarinese |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | São Toméan | São Toméans |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi, Saudi Arabian | Saudis, Saudi Arabians |
| Scotland | Scottish | Scots, Scotsmen, Scotswomen |
| Senegal | Senegalese | Senegalese |
| Serbia | Serbian | Serbs, Serbians |
| Seychelles | Seychellois | Seychellois/Seychelloises |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leonean | Sierra Leoneans |
| Singapore | Singapore, Singaporean | Singaporeans |
| Sint Eustatius | Sint Eustatius, Statian | Statians |
| Sint Maarten | Sint Maarten | Sint Maartener |
| Slovakia | Slovak | Slovaks, Slovakians |
| Slovenia | Slovenian, Slovene | Slovenes, Slovenians |
| Solomon Islands | Solomon Island | Solomon Islanders |
| Somalia | Somali | Somalis |
| Somaliland | Somalilander | Somalilanders |
| South Africa | South African | South Africans |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | South Georgia Island, South Sandwich Island | South Georgia Islanders or South Sandwich Islanders |
| South Ossetia | South Ossetian | South Ossetians |
| South Sudan | South Sudanese | South Sudanese |
| Spain | Spanish | Spaniards |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan | Sri Lankans |
| Sudan | Sudanese | Sudanese |
| Suriname | Surinamese | Surinamers |
| Svalbard | Svalbard resident | Svalbard residents |
| Sweden | Swedish | Swedes |
| Switzerland | Swiss | Swiss |
| Syrian Arab Republic | Syrian | Syrians |
| Taiwan | Taiwanese, Formosan | Taiwanese, Formosan |
| Tajikistan | Tajikistani | Tajikistanis, Tajiks |
| Tanzania | Tanzanian | Tanzanians |
| Thailand | Thai | Thai |
| Timor-Leste | Timorese | Timorese |
| Togo | Togolese | Togolese |
| Tokelau | Tokelauan | Tokelauans |
| Tonga | Tongan | Tongans |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Trinidadian or Tobagonian | Trinidadians or Tobagonians |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | Tunisians |
| Turkey | Turkish | Turks |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | Turkmens |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | Turks and Caicos Island | Turks and Caicos Islanders |
| Tuvalu | Tuvaluan | Tuvaluans |
| Uganda | Ugandan | Ugandans |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | Ukrainians |
| United Arab Emirates | Emirati, Emirian, Emiri | Emiratis, Emirians, Emiri |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | British, United Kingdom, UK | Britons, British |
| United States of America | American, United States, U.S. | Americans |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | Uruguayans |
| Uzbekistan | Uzbekistani, Uzbek | Uzbekistanis, Uzbeks |
| Vanuatu | Ni-Vanuatu, Vanuatuan | Ni-Vanuatu |
| Vatican City State | Vatican | Vatican citizens |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | Venezuelan | Venezuelans |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | Vietnamese people |
| Virgin Islands, British | British Virgin Island | British Virgin Islanders |
| Virgin Islands, United States | U.S. Virgin Island | U.S. Virgin Islanders |
| Wales | Welsh | Welshmen/Welshwomen, |
| Wallis and Futuna | Wallis and Futuna, Wallisian, Futunan | Wallis and Futuna Islanders, Wallisians or Futunans |
| Western Sahara | Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian | Sahrawis, Sahraouis |
| Yemen | Yemeni | Yemenis |
| Zambia | Zambian | Zambians |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | Zimbabweans |