1212 1212 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar .Events July 10 - The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground; over 3,000 people die, many of them by drowning in the Thames . According to a contemporary account, "An awful fire broke out on the Southwark side of Lond. Bridge; and by some means, while it was raging, a fire broke out at the other end also, and so hemmed in the numerous crowds who had assembled to help the distressed. The sufferers, to avoid the flames, threw themselves over the bridge into boats and barges; but many of these sunk, the people crowding into them.". July 16 - Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Christian kingdoms of Spain decisively defeat the Almohads , and the victory leaves the Kingdom of Castile in a difficult financial position, as numerous soldiers have to be paid by the treasury. The Children's Crusade for the Holy Land is organised. There are probably two separate movements of young people, both led by shepherd boys, neither of which embark from Europe, but both of which suffer considerable hardship: * Early spring - Nicholas leads a group from the Rhineland to Genoa and Rome . * June - 12-year-old Stephen of Cloyes leads a group across France to Marseilles . December - Frederick II of Hohenstaufen is crowned King of Germany , with the support of Pope Innocent III . The contemplative Order of Poor Clares is founded by Clare of Assisi . In Japan, Kamo no Chōmei writes the Hōjōki , one of the great works of classical Japanese prose. Bran Castle is erected by the Teutonic Knights , in the Southern Carpathians. John of England impounds the revenue of all prelates appointed by bishops who had deserted him at his excommunication . He remains on good terms, however, with churchmen who stood by him, including Abbot Sampson, who this year bequeaths John his jewels. The Banner of Las Navas de Tolosa is begun. It is a trophy of Ferdinand III of Castile , and will end up in the Museo de Telas Medievales . The city of Bergen op Zoom probably gets municipal rights . The fall of Argos to the Crusaders early in the year completes their conquest of the Morea . The city, along with Nauplia , is given to Otto de la Roche as a fief.Births March 22 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan Isabella II of Jerusalem Malatesta da Verucchio , Italian condottiero, founder of the Malatesta family Zita , patron saint of maids and domestic servants Maria of Chernigov , princess regent of Rostov and chroniclerDeaths February 29 - Hōnen , founder of Jodo Shu, a branch of Pure Land Buddhism April 12 - Vsevolod the Big Nest , Grand Prince of Vladimir April/May - Maria of Montferrat , Queen of Jerusalem July 16 - William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale August 26 - Michael IV , Patriarch of Constantinople October 9 - Philip I of Namur , Marquis of Namur November 4 - Felix of Valois , French saint December 5 - Dirk van Are , bishop and lord of Utrecht December 12 - Geoffrey, Archbishop of York date unknown *Peter de Preaux, Norman knight in the service of the Angevin kings of England *Robert of Auxerre, French chronicler *Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor
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