Foderingham was born in Hammersmith, London. He started with Fulham in their youth squad before moving on loan to Bromley. After being released by Fulham, Foderingham signed his first professional contract with Crystal Palace in August 2010, before going on loan with Histon in March 2011. In October 2011 he signed on loan with Swindon Town until January 2012 to cover for injured keeper Phil Smith, making his debut on 15 October 2011 against Accrington Stanley. During his time on loan in 15 games for Swindon, Foderingham conceded just six goals and kept nine clean sheets. This prompted Swindon manager Paolo Di Canio to buy the keeper for an undisclosed sum on 6 January 2012, on a contract running until July 2014.
Swindon Town
There were fears that such a record would prompt other clubs to beat Swindon Town to his signature, but Foderingham had no doubt in his mind which club he wanted to sign for. Following an abject performance against Stoke City in the League Cup, in which Swindon won 4–3, he was substituted for Leigh Bedwell in the very next game after twenty-one minutes, with Swindon two goals down. Foderingham reacted angrily to his substitution; kicking a water bottle as he left the pitch and refusing to acknowledge his manager. Manager Di Canio then publicly criticised Foderingham after the game and claimed that if he did not apologise for his actions, he would be 'out' of the club. Foderingham later issued an apology, which was accepted by Di Canio. Foderingham was released by Swindon Town at the end of the 2014–15 season upon the expiry of his contract.
Rangers
On 3 July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with then Scottish Championship club Rangers. He made his debut for the Ibrox club in a 6–2 win over Hibernian in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup and was Rangers' first choice goalkeeper over Cammy Bell under new Rangers manager Mark Warburton. On 19 July 2016, Foderingham extended his contract with Rangers for another year until 2019. In July 2018, under new Manager Steven Gerrard, Foderingham became second-choice goalkeeper largely due to the return of Allan McGregor to the Rangers team after a six-year absence. Foderingham made his first appearance of the season for Rangers in a 3–1 win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup. On 19 May 2020 it was announced that he would leave Rangers at the end of May when his contract ended.
Sheffield United
Foderingham joined Premier League club Sheffield United on 17 July 2020 on a three-year contract.
International career
Foderingham has represented England at various levels including England U19s.
