By 1821, the Spanish colonial empire in Latin Americawas falling apart because of the Napoleonic occupation of Spain and the troops of generals Bolivar and Sucre, who had already liberated Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, were already approaching the Upper Peru region. Fearing bloodshed that the libertarian troops could cause the local population, in June 1822 the three governors of Upper Peru departments gathered in Cuiabá and asked the governor to take sides with the Prince Regent to occupy the territory for the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It was better to be occupied by a monarchical character nation than to entertain a fragile and uncertain republic. Immediately, in July of that year, the governor of Mato Grosso sent to Upper Peru the troops stationed in the captaincy and closed the borders to stop the advance of the libertarian troops. He sent to the Prince the proposal of the local authorities and the dispatch order of the troops. The letter reached Emperor Pedro I only in November 1822, when Brazil had already declared independence and, worse, Brazil was not interested in attaching that territory, because the new country was more concerned with pacifying the northern and northeastern provinces. Thus, the order given by the Emperor was to call back the troops claiming that "Brazil does not interfere in foreign affairs." This episode is poorly documented, the curious thing is that the Generals Antonio Jose de Sucre and Simón Bolívar, knowing what was happening, managed to send diplomats in record time to Rio de Janeiro and these diplomats arrived even faster than the letter from the governor of Mato Grosso, so the result was that when he got the letter, the Emperor was already "head made" and the evacuation order was already given.
Spanish province of Charcas
Initially, the province of Charcas was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776 when the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was established.
When the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata gained independence, the Viceroy Abascal incorporated Upper Peru to the Viceroyalty of Peru including the province of Charcas.
The occupation occurred in the region Upper Peru between July and December 1822, which mobilized the Portuguese royal troops stationed in the Captaincy of Mato Grosso and occupied three of the Peru departments: La Paz, Santa Cruz de La Sierra and the so-called Department Maritmo.
Colombian occupation of Upper Peru
Between 1823 and 1828 Colombian troops occupied Upper Peru with the leadership of marshal Antonio José de Sucre, born in Cumaná, as continuation of the Campaigns of the South. The Republic of Bolivar was considered to be a satellite state of the Gran Colombia.
Claims by Argentina and Peru over Upper Peru
Argentina and Peru claimed some territories of Upper Peru for historical reasons.
