Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the western part of the country. The state, which has 1.66% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP.
Neighboring states are: Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. The nation of Bolivia is located to the southwest. A state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast chapadas and plain areas, Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems: the Cerrado, the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest. Open pasture vegetation covers 40% of the state.
The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, with caves, grottoes, tracks, and waterfalls, is one of its tourist attractions. In the north is the biodiverse Amazonian forest, which originally covered half of the state. Much of this has been disrupted and cleared for logging, agricultural purposes and pastures. The Xingu Indigenous Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso. Further south, the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland, is the habitat for nearly one thousand species of animals and many aquatic birds.
Geography
The terrain of Mato Grosso is varied and includes cliffs, canyons, and waterfalls. It is home to the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, a unique environment of sandstone mountains that have eroded into amazingly varied terrain.The biologically rich Pantanal, one of the world's largest wetland/prairie ecosystems, is also located within this state. Much environmental degradation has occurred to the Pantanal since the late 20th century because of development, and efforts to contain or slow it have had limited success. The Pantanal has a habitat similar to that of the Everglades in Florida in the United States, although the Pantanal is on a much larger scale.
in Mato Grosso
History
The Bororo Indians live in the Mato Grosso area. As late as 1880, soldiers patrolled lands on the outskirts of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso's capital and largest city, to protect settlers from Bororo raids.By the end of the 19th century, although severely reduced by disease and by warfare with explorers, slave traders, prospectors, settlers, and other indigenous groups, as many as five to ten thousand Bororo continued to occupy central and eastern Mato Grosso, as well as western Goiás. The southwestern part of this state was ceded by Brazil to Bolivia in exchange for the then-Bolivian territory of Acre, according to the Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903.
This historically remote area attracted expeditions of exploration in the early 20th century that sought to find lost civilizations. A notable example was British Captain Percy Fawcett's expedition to find the Lost City of Z which he believed existed in the jungles of Brazil. Certain proponents of the Hollow Earth hypothesis speculated that the region had sites of access to the interior of the earth and its settlements.
In 1977, the state was split into two halves, and the neighboring state of Mato Grosso do Sul was created from the other part of its territory.
Demographics
Mato Grosso had a high rate of population growth in the 20th century due to timber, ranching and agricultural development. The state as a whole has one of the lowest population densities of any Brazilian state. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 3,441,998 people resided in the state as of 2018. The population density was 3.8 inhabitants/km2.- Urbanization: 76.6%
- Population growth: 2.4%
- Houses: 836,000
Largest cities
Economy
is the largest component of the state's GDP at 40.8%, followed by the service sector at 40.2%. The industrial sector represents 19% of the GDP. Mato Grosso's major exports include soybeans, wood, meats, and cotton .The state's share of the Brazilian economy is 1.8%.
In 2020, Mato Grosso was the leader in the national grain producer in the country, with 28.0%. It's the largest producer of soy in Brazil, with 26.9% of the total produced in 2020 ; the largest producer of corn in the country; the largest producer of cotton in Brazil, with around 65% of national production. ; the 6th largest producer of sugarcane in the country, 16 million tons harvested in the 2019/20 harvest. ; and the 3rd largest producer of beans, with 10.5% of Brazilian production.. In sunflower, the state was the largest national producer in 2019, with 60 thousand tons. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Mato Grosso produced 287 thousand tons at this year.
In 2019, the cattle herd from Mato Grosso reached the mark of thirty million cattle, the largest cattle herd in the country, representing almost 14% of national production alone. In 2018, Mato Grosso was the fifth largest pork producer in the country, with a herd of around 2.5 million animals.
In 2017, Mato Grosso had 1.15% of the national mineral participation. Mato Grosso had production of gold and tin. In addition, in gemstones, the state is the 2nd largest national producer of diamond, having extracted 49 thousand carats in the year 2017. The city of Juína is the main one in this activity in the state. The state also has a small production of sapphire and jasper.
Mato Grosso had an industrial GDP of R$ 17.0 billion in 2017, equivalent to 1.4% of the national industry. It employs 141,121 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction, Food, Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water, Beverages and Oil Products Oil and Biofuels. These 5 sectors concentrate 86.9% of the state's industry.
Statistics
- Vehicles: 1,614,797
- Mobile phones: 4,500,000
- Telephones: 527,000
- Cities: 141
Education
More than 58 universities are located in the state of Mato Grosso.
Cuiabá is home to the following universities:
The local culture is very rich due to the influences of and encounters with various cultures, such as indigenous peoples, colonial Spanish and other European settlers, Africans enslaved and transported there in the Atlantic slave trade, originally by the Portuguese, and other Europeans; and immigrants and settlers since the late 19th century. Two long periods of isolation also contributed to its development along different lines than the coastal areas of Brazil. Recent immigration has brought many urban influences to the state. Cuiabá has a rich cuisine influenced by natives. They have maintained traditional dances, craftwork and music.
Dance and music were traditionally connected to the worship of Catholic saints and their festivals, Saint Benedict being one of the favorites.
Carnival
The four-day period before Lent leading up to Ash Wednesday, known as Carnival, is well celebrated. As with every state in Brazil, Mato Grosso celebrates this holiday in a typical fashion - including parades, music, and dance - with wide participation.Tourism and recreation
Alta Floresta
Fishing in the Teles Pires, São Benedito and Azul rivers is productive practically all year long.With more than 570 species of catalogued birds and new species being discovered every year, the region of Alta Floresta, Cristalino and the Azul River Basin receives constant visits from ornithologists and bird watchers.
Chapada dos Guimarães
The largest sandstone cavern in Brazil, Aroe Jari, extends nearly, and several prehistoric inscriptions can be found inside.North Pantanal
The Pantanal's backbone is the Paraguay River, which cuts through the region from north to south. The Miranda, Aquidauna, Taquari and Cuiabá rivers flow into the Paraguay River. From October to April, the high waters reveal outsized lakes, bays, river branches and outlets.The Transpantaneira Highway connects the town of Poconé to Jofre Port, along the Cuiabá River bank. It is a dirt road with 126 wooden bridges, and extends for. On the way, it is possible to observe wild animals, especially alligators, capybaras and birds, among other wild animals.
SESC's Private Natural Heritage Reserve increases by one-third the total area of this preserved ecosystem in Mato Grosso.
Over 160 different species of birds have been observed in the Pantanal, and still many species in the area have not yet been identified.
Águas Quentes State Park
The Águas Quentes State Park, the first protected area in Mato Grosso, is known for the healing powers of its thermal waters.Lagoa Azul State Park
The Gruta da Lagoa Azul State Park is a state park in the municipality of Nobres, Mato Grosso, with an area of. Its primary attraction is a limestone cave with a pool of blue water and unusual cave formations. These have suffered from vandalism, causing the cave to be closed until measures to protect it could be implemented.The blue lagoon cave holds a pool of blue water formed from underground water of the Saloba River.
The main entrance is filled in part by the water.
The hall contains columns over in size and in diameter.
There may be archaeological remains in the cave.
The park has several other limestone caves.
It is covered with deciduous forests, and is home to howler monkeys, tapirs, jaguars and macaws.
Infrastructure
International airport
The runway at Marechal Rondon International Airport was opened to traffic in 1956. In February 1975, Infraero took over the airport's administration and began various upgrades to meet the needs of the airport complex.Marechal Rondon International Airport, located from the city center, started receiving international flights in 1996. It now serves more than half a million passengers a year.