The Type A engine was a straight-six engine produced from 1935 through 1947 by Toyota. The Type B was a technically more advanced version of the Type A. There was an enlarged version of this, called the [|Type D], but it did not enter production. The Type C was a straight-four engine derived from the Type A. Many parts were interchangeable between the Type A, Type B and Type C engines. Many of the same parts were also interchangeable with the ChevroletStovebolt engine, from which it was derived. The Type E was a copy of aDKW engine. The Type S was a straight-four engine that replaced the Type A, B and C in Toyota's passenger cars.
Type A
The Type A engine was Toyota's first production engine, being produced from 1935 through 1947. This engine was a pushrod, overhead valve, 6-cylinder, three bearing engine copied from the 1929-36 Chevrolet Gen-1 3 bearing Stovebolt L6 OHV engine. By virtue of a modified intake manifold it produced, while the Chevrolet engine produced. GM used a number of local Japanese suppliers for the smaller engine parts. Toyota was able to use the same suppliers for its cars. The parts were identical enough that pistons, rods, valves, etc. could be used in both the Chevrolet and Toyota engines interchangeably. There are several recorded instances of parts intended for one being used to repair the other. Toyota had initially considered copying the Ford flathead V8 because it was the most popular engine in Japan at the time. However, the machining of two separate banks of cylinders would add too much to the production cost, so the Chevrolet engine was copied instead. Other references to the Chevy engine claim different power figures. Different manufactures used different measuring techniques, engines differed from year to year and that some manufacturers simply lied. In this case, Toyota did back to back comparisons using the same techniques, so it is likely that the Toyota engine did in fact produce slightly more power than the Chevy engine on which it was based. Also, the Chevy engine was likely to be a year or two old, so the current Chevy engine may have produced even more power.
The Type B was a more technically advanced version of the Type A. Production commenced in November 1938 with the opening of Toyota's Koromo plant. The design was based on the Chevrolet 207 engine, and built under license but with metric dimensions and minor revisions to suit the local market. It had a four-bearing crank and shaft-mounted rocker arms, as did the Chevrolet engine. The type B engine remained in production until 1956 at least. The original output was at 3000 rpm. In January 1940 this was increased to at the same engine speed. Another bump, to occurred at the time of the BM truck's introduction in March 1947. A 1944 prototype for a large passenger car called "Toyota Large B" also received the B-series engine, although with a higher 6.9:1 compression ratio and producing. This was also the output of the improved engine fitted to the 4-ton BA and 2.5-ton BC trucks which were built until February and July 1956 respectively. The Type B was complemented and eventually supplanted by the similar 3.9 L Type F which first appeared in 1951. The Type F is based on the larger GMC OHV straight-six engine built from 1939 until 1963 in the same way that the Type A and Type B were based on the Chevrolet engines of their times. There was also an experimental 4-liter version called the Type D. An unrelated four-cylinder diesel engine introduced in the 1970s was also called the Type B.
The Type D was a larger version of the B engine developed in early 1944, featuring an increased bore while retaining the same stroke. It was a direct response to a national order issued in 1940, instructing Toyota to develop a higher output engine based on the B. It did not enter series production, with Toyota instead developing the somewhat smaller Type F engine after the war. Output was.
Type E
The Type E was produced in 1938 only for the prototype EA sedan. It was a copy of the two-stroke engine used in the DKW F7.
The Type S was produced from 1947 through 1959. It was unrelated to previous Toyota engines, being designed by reverse-engineering a 1930s :de:Adler Trumpf Junior|Adler Trumpf Junior's engine.
