SR 10 begins at the Alabama state line in Lincoln County, just north of Hazel Green, Alabama, where it is the unsigned companion route of US 231/US 431. They then go north through farmland and countryside and have an intersection with SR 275 before going through Park City and crossing a ridge into Fayetteville. Once in Fayetteville, they have a Y-intersection with SR 110 before going through a major business and coming to an intersection with US 64 Bypass. Here, US 431 continues straight into downtown while US 231/SR 10 turns east to follow US 64 Bypass to the south. They then curve to the north before coming to an intersection with US 64/SR 15/SR 50, where US 64 Bypass ends separate and US 231/SR 10 continue north through some farmland before climbing on top of Chestnut Ridge to cross into Moore County.
Moore and Bedford Counties
US 231/SR 10 then intersect and have a short concurrency with SR 129 as it straddles the county line with Lincoln County before crossing into Bedford County. The route then lowers down off of Chestnut Ridge and goes through more farmland and has a crossing of the Duck River before entering Shelbyville. They first go through some suburbs before having a Y-intersection and becoming concurrent with SR 64/SR 130 and entering downtown. SR 64/SR 130 then separate and turn east at an intersection with SR 82/SR 387, with SR 82 joining the concurrency before curving to the east and then turning north again to have an intersection with US 41A/SR 16. US 231/SR 10/SR 82 then pass through the northern part of town and some suburbs before having an interchange with SR 437. They also pass by Bomar Field, Shelbyville's airport, before leaving Shelbyville. They then pass just east of Fosterville before SR 82 separates and goes east, while US 231/SR 10 head north through more farmland and eventually cross into Rutherford County.
Rutherford County
They then cross a Ridge and pass through Christiana to have an intersection and short concurrency with SR 269 before crossing another Ridge and entering Murfreesboro. US 231/SR 10 first go through a suburban area with a few businesses before having an interchange with I-24. They then go north through a major business district before having a Y-intersection and becoming concurrent with US 41/US 70S/SR 1/SR 99 and entering downtown. They then pass through downtown before coming to an intersection with SR 96, where SR 99 turns southwest to follow SR 96, US 41/US 70S/SR 1 continue north, and US 231/SR 10 turn northeast to become concurrent with SR 96. They begin passing through suburbs as SR 96 separates and turns east. US 231/SR 10 then have an intersection with SR 268 before passing by the VA hospital before leaving Murfreesboro soon after. They then pass through Waterhill and have an X-intersection with SR 266 before going through farmland again and crossing into Wilson County.
Wilson County
US 231/SR 10 then immediately have an intersection with SR 452, which provides access to Nashville Superspeedway and I-840, before passing right through the middle of Cedars of Lebanon State Park. They then immediately have an intersection with SR 265 before passing through more farmland and by a rock quarry before entering Lebanon just south of the I-40 interchange. They then have an interchange I-40 and go through a major business district, paralleling SR 266, before entering downtown and having an intersection with US 70 BUS/SR 24. US 231/SR 10 then continue north through downtown and have an intersection with US 70/SR 26 before going through some suburbs before leaving Lebanon. They then cross over the Cumberland River at Hunter's Point to enter Trousdale County.
Trousdale County
They then pass through more farmland until near the small community of Castalian Springs, where they come to an intersection with SR 25. Here, SR 10 becomes signed for the first time as a primary highway and leaves US 231 to go east concurrent with SR 25 while US 231 continues north concurrent with its new companion route, SR 376. They go through farmland all the way to Hartsville, where they have an intersection and short concurrency with SR 141 before passing just north of downtown. They then go by a few subdivisions and 2 schools before leaving Hartsville and SR 10 then separates from SR 25 to head north shortly afterwards. SR 10 travels alone for the first time as goes north to cross into Macon County.
Macon County
It then passes down a long narrow valley before coming to an intersection with SR 52 just south of Lafayette. SR 10 then enters Lafayette and goes through downtown before having an intersection with SR 261. It then passes through a suburb before leaving Lafayette and traveling through farmland again all the way to the Kentucky border, where SR 10 ends and continues as KY 99, which has an intersection with KY 1578 just across the state line.
