Shaul Yisraeli


Rabbi Shaul Yisraeli was one of the leading rabbis of religious Zionism. He served as the rabbi of moshav Kfar Haroeh, as a Dayan in the Supreme religious court of Israel, as a member of the Chief Rabbinate Council, as Rosh Yeshiva in Mercaz HaRav, and as President of the Eretz Hemdah Institute. Rabbi Yisraeli was awarded the Israel Prize in Judaic Studies.

Biography

Childhood

Shaul Yisraeli was born in the city of Slutsk, in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire to Rabbi Binyamin and Chava Izraelit. Rabbi Binyamin was the rabbi and Av Beit Din of Koydanovo, near Minsk, devoting himself to its spiritual rehabilitation after World War I. Rabbi Binyamin was arrested by the Soviets for teaching Torah to community members and was sent to Siberia; subsequently, all contact with him was lost. His mother Chava was later murdered by the Nazis.
As a youth, he learned in the Talmud Torah and Yeshiva Ketana under Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky in Slutsk; this during the period when Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer was the Rosh Yeshiva. There he gained fame as a talmudic prodigy.
From 1987, he served as head of the Eretz Hemdah Institute, a prestigious Jerusalem kollel that trains yeshiva students as rabbis, rabbinical court judges, and teachers.

Escape to Israel

In Communist Russia, Yisraeli studied in various "underground" yeshivot. In 1933, after his requests for an exit visa from Russia were repeatedly denied, he illegally crossed the frozen Prut river into Poland. Yisraeli and his two friends were caught by the Polish police, who planned to return them to the Russian authorities – likely a death sentence. Due to the intervention of Chief Rabbi Avraham Isaac Kook and his son Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, Yisraeli was released and granted an immigration certificate to Mandatory Palestine. He arrived in Jerusalem in 1933, and studied at Rabbi Kook's yeshiva, Mercaz Harav, for the following five years.

Rabbinic career

Yisraeli became rabbi of the religious moshav Kfar Haroeh in 1938, where he served as community rabbi until his 1965 appointment as judge in the Supreme Rabbinical Court in Jerusalem.
In 1982, after the passing of Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, he was appointed Rosh Yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.
He died on June 16, 1995 and is buried in the Sanhedria Cemetery in Jerusalem.

Views and [halachic] rulings

Like Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg, Yisraeli ruled that it is permitted to abort a fetus diagnosed as a Tay–Sachs disease carrier to prevent future suffering of the child and mental anguish of the family. Other rabbinical authorities, however, strongly objected to this ruling.

Works