Salamis Island
Salamis, is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about off-coast from Piraeus and about west of central Athens. The chief city, Salamina, lies in the west-facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay, which opens into the Saronic Gulf. On the Eastern side of the island is its main port, Paloukia, in size second in Greece only to Piraeus, the port of Athens.
Name
The traditional etymology of Salamis derives it from the eponymous nymph Salamis, the mother of Cychreus, the legendary first king of the island. A more modern theory considers "Salamis" to come from the root sal 'salt' and -amis 'middle'; thus Salamis would be the place amid salt water. Some scholars connect it to the Semitic root Š-L-M 'health, safety, peace', because of the well-sheltered harbor.From at least the 13th century until the 19th century, the town, the island, and the bay of Salamis were called Koulouri, because of its round shape. The ancient name was revived in the 19th century. The name Koulouri is still used informally for the town.
History
Salamis was probably first colonised by Aegina and later occupied by Megara, but became an Athenian possession in the time of Solon or Peisistratos, following the war between Athens and Megara around 600 BC. According to Strabo, the ancient capital was at the south of the island; in classical times it was to the east, on the Kamatero Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Salamis; in modern times it is on the west.According to Homer's Iliad, Salamis took part in the Trojan War with twelve ships under the leadership of Ajax.
Salamis island is known for the Battle of Salamis, the decisive naval victory of the allied Greek fleet, led by Themistocles, over the Persian Empire in 480 BC. It is said to be the birthplace of Ajax and Euripides, the latter's birth being popularly placed on the day of the battle. In modern times, it is home to Salamis Naval Base, headquarters for the Hellenic Navy.
The oldest known counting board was discovered on Salamis Island in 1899. It is thought to have been used by the Babylonians in about 300 BC and is more of a gaming board rather than a calculating device. It is marble, about, and has carved Greek symbols and parallel grooves.
During the German invasion of Greece in World War II, the harbor was bombed by the Luftwaffe on April 23, 1941, sinking the Greek battleships and.
In the 1960s and 1970s, during the military junta period, changes in land legislation allowed the subdivision of land plots. This opened the island to massive unplanned and unregulated urban and suburban development, including many weekend homes, especially along the northern and eastern coasts. The lack of corresponding investment in infrastructure, combined with heavy industry, has led to sea and beach pollution on this side of the island. There are, however, ongoing initiatives such as help from the European Union’s Cohesion Fund toward improving sewerage by 2008.
An oil spill occurred off the coast of Salamis Island in September 2017.
Geography
Salamis has an area of ; its highest point is Mavrovouni at. A significant part of Salamis Island is rocky and mountainous. On the southern part of the island a pine forest is located, which is unusual for western Attica. Unfortunately, this forest is often a target for fires. While the inland inhabitants are mainly employed within the agricultural sector, the majority of Salamis' inhabitants work in maritime occupations or commute to work in Athens. The maritime industry is focused on the north-east coast of the island at the port of Paloukia, where ferries to mainland Greece are based, and in the dockyards of Ampelakia and the north side of the Kynosoura peninsula.Salamis Island is very popular for holiday and weekend visits from Athens mainland; its population rises to 300,000 in peak season of which c. 31,000 are permanent inhabitants. This supports a strong service industry sector, with many cafes, bars, ouzeries, tavernas and consumer goods shops throughout the island. On the south of the island, away from the port, there are a number of less developed areas with good swimming beaches including those of Aianteio, Maroudi, Perani, Peristeria, Kolones, Saterli, Selenia, and Kanakia.
Municipality
Salamis Island belongs to the Islands regional unit of the Attica region. Since the 2011 local government reform the island is administered as one municipality. Before, the island was divided into two municipalities, that became municipal units at the reform:- Salamina
- Ampelakia
Population
As of the mid-20th century, the majority of the inhabitants were Arvanite; a thing that changed during the past 20 years due to settlement of a lot of Athenians on the island to the degree that nowadays Arvanites are a fraction of the population, living mainly in the towns of Salamina, Ampelakia, and Moulki. The island is known in Arvanitika as Κȣλλȣρι.| Year | Salamina | Salamina | Salamis |
| 1981 | 20,807 | 25,215 | 30,402 |
| 1991 | 22,567 | 27,582 | 34,342 |
| 2001 | 25,730 | 30,962 | 38,022 |
| 2011 | 25,888 | 31,776 | 39,283 |
Villages in the municipal unit of Salamina
Paloukia
Paloukia is located in the northeast of the island. Many ferryboats, fishing vessels and port police craft dock in this harbor. Paloukia is the base for the port police department of Salamina.Most visitors who come to Salamina first arrive at Paloukia via ferryboats that run between Paloukia and Perama or Piraeus.
The area is adjacent to the Salamis Naval Base, which is a major base of the Hellenic Navy.
Aianteio
Aianteio is a large village in the southwestern part of Salamis Island and is named after Ajax, "King of the Salamis", from Homer's Iliad. The village was known as Moulki until 1915. In the region, there are churches from the 11th and 12th centuries such as Saint John and Saint Dimitrios.Interesting places to visit are:
- the oldest church in the island, Saint John the "Kalyvitis", which dates back to the 10th century and has remarkable hagiographies
- the monastery of Saint Nicolas which dates back to the 18th century and is situated in a forest.
Batsi
In the mountain, there is a cave of archeological interest that has not been investigated yet. In the winter there are few tourists; it is more popular with vacationers from Athens during the summer months.
Kaki Vigla
Kaki Vigla is a small community located at the south of Salamis Island, near Aianteio.The beaches of Kaki Vigla are relatively clean and the area has pine and olive trees near the shore.
Agios Georgios
A new village, founded in 1960.Peristeria
Peristeria is a small village in the southeast of the island from Salamis City. It took its name from the bird of peace, the dove, because it is a calm, peaceful and isolated place, away from the cars and from noise. Another interpretation says that its name may be derived from the doves which were living and had nests in the area.The area has a marina, which has yachts and fishing boats. The beaches of Peristeria are the cleanest of Salamis. The village is near the Cave of Euripides, associated with the famous ancient playwright.Psili Ammos
Psili Ammos, which means Fine Sand is so named because it is covered with sand. The area is located at the northwest of the island opposite of Elefsina. In the area there is one of the oldest landmarks, the chantry of Saint Grigorios.Steno
Steno, is a small community in the northwest of Salamis Island. The area is separated from Fanaromeni Monastery by a hill with shrubs and pine trees. The area is adjacent to the bay of Agios Georgios. Steno has wide and well-planned roads.Vasilika
Vasilika which means Royal is a big village located in the northwest of the island. Vasilika is the third largest area in Salamis by population after Salamis City and Aianteio. Vasilika has a sandy large beach apt for swimming.Xeno
Xeno is located in the northwest corner of the island. The area was so named because the first residents were not from Salamis but from nearby Piraeus.Villages in the municipal unit of Ampelakia
Kynosoura
Kynosoura is a small peninsula located in the east of the island. The name probably comes from the shape of the peninsula, long and thin and pointed at the end. In the south are a few houses. In the north are the remains of an ancient tumulus thought to be the burial site of Greek warriors in the Battle of Salamis. Nearby is a dockyard, which constructs and fixes ships including oil tankers and containers.Selinia
Selinia is a resort located a few kilometers southeast of Salamis city. Selinia is the weekend resort of many Athenians due to its proximity to Athens. Selinia also features restaurants and taverns.Culture
Education
Salamis island has eleven primary schools, four high schools, and four lycees. The majority of students are proficient in school, and the pupils usually have acquired diplomas and certificates in English, in French, or in German such as ECCE, FCE, CPE, and ECPE. Many students from Salamis island also possess many computer skills. Many students also study abroad in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, the pupils went to Italy for studies since it was close to Greece.Recreational areas
In Salamis Bay, a visitor can find many bars, cafeterias, beaches, and shops. The main cafeterias and bars are based in Agios Nikolaos, which is located in the western suburbs of Salamis city. The district is named for the church. Taverns and inns, which are located throughout the island, feature local food and dishes. The shops—which sell appliances, computers, clothing, souvenirs, and vehicles—are opened from 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. and from 5:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays; from 9:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m to 8:30 p.m. on Saturdays.Clubs, activities and organizations
The cultural activities that take place and the cultural organizations that operate in Salamina include: a Museum of Folklore Art and History, a Public Municipal Library, a Drama Club "Euripides" and a Dance Group "Erevna". Also, regional, traditional and seasonal festivals are organized throughout the year, indicatively: the Annual Festival, "Salaminia", the "Fisherman's Festival" and the Carnival.Sports
Salamis island has four football teams: Aias Salaminas, Ampelakiakos F.C., A.E. Salaminas and Salaminomachoi.In 2019 the Nautical Club "AGIOS NIKOLAOS" Yalas, became the Champion Sprint Canoeing Club of Greece, during the 23rd Greek National Development Sprint Canoeing Championship, winning 4 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze medals.
Local newspapers and magazines
- Salamina-Press
- 30 Imeres tis Salaminas
- Anatropes
- Apopsi
- Athlitikoi Palmoi
- I Enotita tis Salaminas
- I Nea Salamina
- I Foni tis Salaminas
- Neo Ithos tis Salaminas
- Palmos tis Salaminas
- Politis me dikaioma
- Salaminiaki Protoporia
- Sports Week Salamina
Landmarks
| Landmark | Year of construction | Location |
| Faneromeni Monastery | 15th century | Faneromeni |
| Chantry of Saint George | around 1250 | Agios Georgios |
| Mycenaean city of Salamis | 13th century BC | Kanakia |
| Ancient city and port of Salamis | 5th – 1st centuries BC | Ampelakia |
| Fighters tomb of the naval Battle of Salamis | 5th century BC | Ampelakia, Kynosoura |
| Circular funerary | 4th century BC | Kolones |
| Euripideio Theatre | 1993 | in suburbs of Salamis City |
| Church of Saint Dimitrios | 1806 | center of Salamis City |
| The Cave of Euripides | 450 BC | at south Salamis Island |
| The Cottage of Angelos Sikelianos | 1935 | Faneromeni |
| The Stone Lighthouse | 1901 | Peristeria |
| The bust of Georgios Karaiskakis | 1982 | center of Salamis City |
| The Windmills | 19th century | in suburbs of Salamis City |
| Chantry of Prophet Elias | early of 20th century | Salamis City |
| Chantry of Saint Grygorios | 12th century | Psili Ammos |
| The Stony small Theater | 1990 | Selinia |
| The City Hall of Salamis | 2000 | Salamis City |
| The Monastery of Saint Nicolaos | 17th century | at south Salamis Island |
| The Church of Saint John the Kalyvitis | 11th century | at south Salamis Island |
| The Folklore Museum | 2000 | lodging at Salamis City Hall |
| Archaeological museum of Salamis | 2013 | Salamis City |
| The Mansion of Galeos Family | 19th century | at Salamis center |
| The Church of Saint Minas | 1869 | at Salamis City |
Noted people
Mythological and ancient people
- Ajax the Great, the legendary king of Salamis island, son of Telamon and half-brother of Teucer
- Cychreus, the first king of Salamis Island
- Euripides, tragedian
- Moerocles, orator
- Telamon, the king of Salamis Island, father of Ajax the Great and Teucer
- Teucer, the half-brother of Ajax the Great, son of Telamon, warrior of Trojan War, and founder of the city-state of Salamis, Cyprus.
Modern people
- Dimitra Fimi, academic and writer
- Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek War of Independence hero, is buried on Salamis.
- Polychronis Lempesis, painter
- Anastasios Koulouriotis, publisher
- Theodoros Pangalos
- Memos Mpegnis, actor
- Dimitrios Mpogris, playwright
- Giorgos Papasideris, country singer, composer and lyricist
- Angelos Sikelianos, poet and playwright, whose cottage was near the Monastery of Faneromeni.
Twin towns / sister cities