Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt


The Diocese of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese from 804 until 1648. From 1180, the bishops or administrators of Halberstadt ruled a state within the Holy Roman Empire, the prince-bishopric of Halberstadt. The diocesan seat and secular capital was Halberstadt in present-day Saxony-Anhalt.

History

Early history

In the aftermath of the Saxon Wars, Emperor Charlemagne in 804 established a missionary diocese at Osterwieck in Eastphalia, in the course of the Christianisation of the pagan Saxons and Polabian Slavs. Under its first bishop Hildegrim of Châlons the capital was moved to Halberstadt, confirmed by Charles' son Louis the Pious in an 814 deed. The bishopric's boundaries originally reached the Elbe and Saale rivers in the east, nevertheless, when Emperor Otto I founded the Archbishopric of Magdeburg in 968, Halberstadt lost the eastern half of its district to it. Halberstadt diocese was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mainz.
The Halberstadt bishops rivalled with Magdeburg to gain political influence in the days of the Ottonian and Salian dynasty. Under the rule of Emperor Henry III they were vested with further territorial rights and in 1062 Bishop Burchard II was sent to Rome as an Imperial mediator in the conflict between Pope Alexander II and Antipope Honorius II. However the former favourite of Dowager Empress Agnes of Poitou and her son Henry IV in 1073 allied with Pope Gregory VII in the Investiture Controversy and became one of the leading figures of the Great Saxon Revolt.
The history of the diocese down to 1208 is found in the Gesta episcoporum Halberstadensium.

Prince-bishopric

After the deposition of the Saxon duke Henry the Lion the episcopal and capitular temporalities forming the Stift of Halberstadt evolved to an Imperial State, the prince-bishopric. The political entity of the prince-bishopric only comprised parts of the ecclesiastical entity of the diocese, which also included neighbouring political entities of other rulers.
On the death of Henry VI in 1197, the prince-bishopric supported the unsuccessful claim of Philip of Swabia against Otto of Brunswick to be Holy Roman Emperor. When Pope Innocent III disagreed, Prince-Bishop Conrad of Halberstadt was excommunicated. To evade the penalties of excommunication, Conrad joined the catastrophic Fourth Crusade. Taking full part in the diversion of the Crusade from its mission and the atrocious subsequent sack of Constantinople, Conrad enriched the Prince-Bishopric with many relics and other booty personally looted from the churches, convents, and monasteries of the Roman Imperial capital. In 1315 the prince-bishop acquired the former Principality of Aschersleben for the prince-bishopric.

''Sede vacante''

In 1479 the Saxon prince-elector Ernest of Wettin pushed the election of his 13-year-old son Ernest II, Archbishop of Magdeburg since 1476, as administrator in place of the resigned Prince-Bishop Gebhard von Hoym. In 1513 Albert of Hohenzollern, younger brother of Elector Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg, succeeded him and the Magdeburg archbishops from the House of Hohenzollern remained administrators, while in 1540 the Halberstadt territories became Lutheran during the Reformation. In 1566 two-year-old Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel became the first Lutheran administrator, after which Halberstadt's see was held by sons of the Princes of Wolfenbüttel, a line of the Welf Brunswick and Lunenburg ducal family, until in 1623 Henry Julius' son Christian, the "Mad Halberstadter", resigned during the Thirty Years' War. He was succeeded by Christian William of Hohenzollern, son of Elector Joachim III Frederick of Brandenburg.
In political respect the prince-bishopric was secularised as the Principality of Halberstadt by the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, and finally given to the Hohenzollern rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia. After the 1815 Congress of Vienna, its territory was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony.
In ecclesiastic respect the diocese, sede vacante since 1480, since represented by administrators only, who were even Protestants between 1552 and 1628, became defunct in 1648 too. So in 1669 the tiny remaining Catholic diaspora in the diocesan area of Halberstadt was put under the new jurisdiction of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern Missions. Between 1709 and 1780 the area of the former diocese of Halberstadt formed part of the Vicariate Apostolic of Upper and Lower Saxony, but afterwards returning to the Northern Missions. In 1821 the area of the former diocese of Halberstadt was merged into the Diocese of Paderborn, and forms part of the modern Diocese of Magdeburg since 1994.

Geography

After the foundation of the ancient Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the Diocese of Halberstadt covered the following Saxon Gau counties: Balsamgau, Derlingau, the western part of the Nordthüringgau, Harzgau, Schwabengau, and Hassegau. Thus, it stretched from the Oker river near Hornburg in the west, where it bordered on the Bishopric of Hildesheim, to the Saale in the east. The city of Brunswick, located on both sides of the Oker, was originally split between Halberstadt and Hildesheim until it passed to Duke Henry the Lion in 1142, who made it his residence.

Bishops of Halberstadt


NameFromTo
Hildegrim of Châlons804827
Thiatgrim827840
Haymo840853
Hildegrim II853886
Agiulf886894
Sigismund894923
Bernard926968
Hildeward968996
Arnulf9961023
Branthog10231036
Burchard I10361059
Burchard II10591088
Hamezo 10851085
Dietmar10891089
Herrand10901102
Frederick I 10901106
Reinhard of Blankenburg11071123
Otto von Kuditz11231135
Rudolf11361149
Ulrich11491160
Gero von Schowitz11601177
Ulrich11771181
Dietrich von Krosigk11811193
Gardolf von Harbke11931201
Konrad von Krosigk12011209
Frederick II of Kirchberg12091236
Ludolf von Schladen12361241
Meinard von Kranichfeld12411252
Ludolf II von Schladen 12531255
Volrad von Kranichfeld12541295
Hermann von Blankenburg12961304
Albert I of Anhalt13041324
Albert II of Brunswick-Lüneburg, son of Duke Albert the Fat13241358
Giselbrecht von Holstein 13241343
Albrecht von Mansfeld 13461356
Louis of Meissen, son of Margrave Frederick II13571366
Albert III of Saxony13661390
Ernest I von Hohnstein13911399
Rudolf of Anhalt14011406
Heinrich von Warberg14071411
Albert IV, son of Konrad IV, Count of Wernigerode14111419
Johannes von Hoym14191437
Buchard von Warberg14371458
Gebhard von Hoym14581479
Administrated by the Archbishops of Magdeburg
Ernest II of Saxony14801513
Albert of Mainz15131545
Johann Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach son of Margrave Frederick I15451550
Frederick III of Brandenburg, son of Elector Joachim II Hector15501552
Sigismund of Brandenburg, half-brother of Frederick III15521566
Protestant administrators
Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel15661613
Henry Charles of Brunswick16131615
Rudolf of Brunswick16151616
Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel16161623
Christian William of Brandenburg, son of Elector Joachim Frederick16241628
Catholic administrator
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
16281648

Auxiliary bishops