With the concentration on ground fighting during the Cambodian Civil War, the government's navy was neglected. At the time of the coup that placed Lon Nol in charge of the government in 1970, the Ream Naval Base was in a very run-down state with one pier in horrible condition, no effective logistical support system and very little internal repair capability. By 1974, Lon Nol's government and the Khmer National Navy had vastly improved the base by implementation of a number of actions: procurement of 20 newly constructed radar equipped PCFs ; stationing of four PBRs in the Kompong Som port area; overhauls of all of the heavy craft in inventory; procurement of a newly overhauled floating drydock the base; substantial upgrade of the Ream Repair Facility equipment; installation of an effective supply support system; and the completion of a modern pier facility and support complex for the base. This newly remodeled and refitted base allowed the Khmer National Navy to effectively assume the patrol and surveillance of the Cambodian coastline which had previously been outsourced to the South Vietnamese Navy by the fledgling Khmer Republic. Further plans for an electricity generation plant and procurement of larger, better armed patrol craft were not completed before the fall of the Republic to the Khmer Rouge in 1975. Since the ouster of the Khmer Rouge in 1979 and the eventual establishment of the current constitutional monarchy, the government in cooperation with its allies has made the facility a relatively modernized naval base currently commanded by Rear Admiral Ouk Seyha, the deputy commander of the Royal Cambodian Navy.
Alleged Chinese naval base
In July 2019, the Wall Street Journal reported that the Chinese PLA navy had secretly secured exclusive access to about one-third of the base for up to 30 years, giving Beijing a new southern flank on the South China Sea, and only its second overseas naval foothold, after a base in Djibouti opened in 2017. Such hosting of foreign armed forces would be against the Cambodian constitution as well as the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements that ended the Cambodian Civil War. The existence of the agreement was denied by Cambodian authorities who called it "fake news", although not by Chinese authorities who notably remained silent. China's alleged presence on Ream Naval Base was condemned by Sam Rainsy, former Leader of the Opposition of Cambodia and the last leader of the Cambodia National Rescue Party before its dissolution by the Supreme Court of Cambodia. In an article for Foreign Affairs, Rainsy described the Chinese presence as a "grave threat to regional stability" and characterized it as part of an overarching plan by the Chinese government to militarize Cambodia's coast in combination with ambitious infrastructure projects in neighboring Koh Kong Province.
