Pole and Hungarian brothers be


"Pole and Hungarian brothers be" and "Pole and Hungarian, two good friends" are English translations of a popular saying about the traditional kinship, brotherhood, and camaraderie between Poles and Hungarians.

Texts

The saying's Polish text reads

Polak, Węgier — dwa bratanki,
i do szabli, i do szklanki,
oba zuchy, oba żwawi,
niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi.

The full, two-couplet Hungarian version reads

Lengyel, magyar – két jó barát,
Együtt harcol s issza borát,
Vitéz s bátor mindkettője,
Áldás szálljon mindkettőre.

The Polish text may be translated

Pole and Hungarian brothers be,
good for fight and good for party.
Both are valiant, both are lively,
Upon them may God's blessings be.

or, more literally,

Pole and Hungarian — two brothers,
good for saber and for glass.
Both courageous, both lively,
May God bless them.

A shorter Hungarian couplet

Lengyel, magyar – két jó barát,
együtt harcol s issza borát.

may be translated

Pole and Hungarian — two good friends,
fighting and drinking at the end.

or, more literally,

Pole, Hungarian — two good friends,
together they battle and drink their wine.

The saying's Polish version has two couplets, each of the four lines containing eight syllables. The shorter Hungarian version has a single couplet, each of the two lines also consisting of eight syllables. The Polish bratanek differs in meaning from the Hungarian barát, though the words look similar. The Polish version is commonly quoted by Poles. The Hungarian language has 10 versions, most of which are two-line, eight-syllable couplets.

History

Congeniality

The saying addresses the long, special relationship between Poland and Hungary. Poles and Hungarians consider themselves brothers in war and peace, and the saying was a 16th -century creation of the Polish middle and minor nobility. They recognized that the countries had the same political structure: a nobles' republic, a democratic parliamentary system in which the state and king were controlled by a non-aristocratic noble class. The Polish word rokosz derives Hungary's , a field near Pest which was the medieval venue for mass meetings of Hungarian middle and minor nobility.
The Poles recognized that both countries' noble classes employed similar military tactics, weaponry, lifestyles and share common history, making them "brothers". When the Poles elected the Hungarian Stephen Báthory king of Poland in 1576, he introduced military reforms: creating Poland's hussars and importing from Transylvania Poland's first saber-makers, promoting the superior sword. In Poland, the szabla became known as the szabla węgierska or batorówka after King Stephen Báthory; it was subsequently called the zygmuntówka after Poland's King Sigismund III Vasa and the augustówka after King Augustus III.
The nobility of both countries enjoyed wine, resulting in a similar temperament and lifestyle. In Hungary, the saying became widely known outside noble circles in the late 19th century. According to one source, the proverb's original Polish version was Węgier, Polak dwa bratanki i do szabli i do szklanki. Oba zuchy, oba żwawi, niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi.
The saying probably originated after the 1772 collapse of the Bar Confederation, which had been formed to defend the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from aggression by the Russian Empire. According to :pl:Julian Krzyżanowski|Julian Krzyżanowski, the saying was inspired by the political asylum in Szepesség, Kingdom of Hungary, of the confederation's leaders. According to another source, it "comes from the period when the Generality of the Bar Confederation took up residence in Eperjes between 1769 and 1772".

Common interests

Relations between Poland and Hungary date to the Middle Ages. Magyar clan chiefs soon adopted pre-schismatic Christianity, and married into the Byzantine Komnenos and Polish Piast dynasties.
Poland's Bolesław V the Chaste married Kinga, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. His knights, of the Gryfici clan, and their Hungarian comrades of the Aba, Csák, and Záh clans built fortifications against Turko-Mongol and Germanic raids.
In 1243 :pl:Klemens z Ruszczy|Klemens of Ruszcza, of Poland's Gryfici clan, returned to Poland from battling the Turko-Mongols in Hungary with his Hungarian comrades of the Záh clan. They rebuilt Będzin Castle and founded garrisons at Zyhcych and Wojkowice to protect the silver mines at Rosperk in the Duchy of Bytom.
Future Polish King Władysław I the Elbow-high, fighting the Teutonic Order, found shelter at the courts of the Aba and Záh clans in Hungary. Záh knights guarded Władysław's family. Władysław married a Polish-Byzantine-Hungarian princess, Jadwiga of Kalisz. The daughter of Władysław and of Maria of Bytom, Elżbieta, became queen of Hungary.
In the 15th century, the two countries briefly shared a king: Poland's Władysław III of Varna, who died at age twenty, fighting the Turks at Varna, Bulgaria. During the 16th century, Poland elected as its king the Hungarian nobleman Stephen Báthory. In the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Polish General Józef Bem became a national hero of both countries.
During the Polish–Soviet War, Hungary offered to send 30,000 cavalry to Poland's aid; however, the Czechoslovak government refused to allow them passage through the demilitarized zone which had existed between Czechoslovakia and Hungary since the Czechoslovak-Hungarian war several months earlier. The Romanian government took a similar stance, also refusing passage. When the Hungarians tried to send ammunition trains, Czechoslovakia again refused but Romania agreed if the Hungarians used their own trains.
From the Middle Ages into the 18th century, Poland and Hungary shared a border between Poland and Carpathian Ruthenia. After World War I, the Allies transferred Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary to Czechoslovakia. Poland never ratified the Treaty of Trianon. The treaty with Hungary was not signed until 4 June 1920, did not become effective until 26 July 1921, and was never published in Poland's Journal of Laws.
After the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement, Poland and Hungary worked through diplomatic and paramilitary means to restore their common border by engineering the return of Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary. A step toward this goal was realized with the 2 November 1938 First Vienna Award.
Until mid-March 1939, Germany had considered a restored Hungarian-Polish frontier, for military reasons, undesirable. In March 1939, however, in response to Hungary's lobbying, Hitler changed his mind about a common Hungarian-Polish frontier and decided instead to betray Germany's ally, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, who had begun organizing Ukrainian military units in 1938 in a sich outside Uzhhorod, the capital of Subcarpathian Rus', which had been restyled Carpatho-Ukraine. Hitler had been concerned that if a Ukrainian army, organized there, accompanied German forces invading the Soviet Union, Ukrainian nationalists would insist on an independent Ukraine. Polish political and military authorities, for their part, had seen the sich as an imminent danger to adjacent southeastern Poland, with its majority-Ukrainian population, and in November 1938 had launched paramilitary operations to assist Hungary in taking over the region, which Hungary had governed to the end of World War I. Consequently, in March 1939, Hungary took over the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia.
In September 1939, Hitler asked Hungary to allow German forces to transit Hungarian territory in order to speed the German attack on eastern Poland; Hungary's Admiral Miklós Horthy declined permission, on the ground that it would be incompatible with Hungarian honor. On 17 September 1939, pursuant to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Gestapo–NKVD conferences, the Soviet Union seized eastern and southeastern Poland and incorporated them into western Ukraine. Upon the Soviet invasion, Poland evacuated its government and substantial army and air units into allied Romania; considerable Polish military were simultaneously evacuated into Hungary, to the west of Romania. The evacuated Polish forces quickly, eluding or escaping internment, made their way west to France, there to regroup and continue the war alongside Poland's western allies.
During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, many Hungarian soldiers, sympathetic to the Polish cause, gave munitions, medical supplies, and rations for the Polish Underground, and some even defected to the join their Polish brothers. Hungarian soldiers assisted in the evacuation of civilian families during the Uprising.
During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Poles demonstrated their support for the Hungarians by donating blood; by 12 November, 11,196 Poles had donated. The Polish Red Cross sent 44 tons of medical supplies to Hungary by air, and larger amounts were sent by road and rail.

Friendship Day

On 12 March 2007, Hungary's parliament declared 23 March as Hungarian-Polish Friendship Day. Four days later, the Polish parliament declared 23 March Polish-Hungarian Friendship Day by acclamation.
Friendship Day is celebrated regularly in both countries with concerts, festivals, and exhibitions. Some Polish music groups, such as SBB, feature Hungarian musicians ; Hungarian bands such as Locomotiv GT and Omega feature Polish musicians, including Józef Skrzek.