Oxford "-er"


The Oxford "-er", or often "-ers", is a colloquial and sometimes facetious suffix prevalent at Oxford University from about 1875, which is thought to have been borrowed from the slang of Rugby School. The term was defined by the lexicographer Eric Partridge in his Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English.

Rugger, footer and soccer

The "-er" gave rise to such words as rugger for Rugby football, soccer and the now archaic footer was used for association football.
The term "soccer", derived from a transformation/emendation of the "assoc" in Association football, was popularised by a prominent English footballer, Charles Wreford-Brown. The first recorded use of "soccer" was in 1895. Two years earlier The Western Gazette reported that "W. Neilson was elected captain of ‘rugger’ and T. N. Perkins of ‘socker’" and Henry Watson Fowler recommended socker in preference to "soccer" to emphasise its correct pronunciation. In this context, he suggested that "baccy", because of the "cc" in "tobacco", was "more acceptable than soccer". "Socker" was the form that appeared in the first edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary.
The sports writer E. W. Swanton, who joined the London Evening Standard in 1927, recalled that "Rugby football... in those days, I think, was never called anything but rugger unless it were just football". Around the same time the Conservative Minister Leo Amery noted that, for his thirteen-year-old son Jack, "footer in the rain a very real grievance" at Harrow School.

In literature

In Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, Oxford undergraduate Anthony Blanche claims that "I was lunching with my p-p-preposterous tutor. He thought it very odd my leaving when I did. I told him I had to change for f-f-footer."
In Stiff Upper Lip, Jeeves, a novel of P. G. Wodehouse, Bertie Wooster was asked whether he was fond of rugger, to which he replied "I don't think I know him".
As late as 1972 the retired headmaster of a Hertfordshire grammar school recalled "the footer" having had a poor season in 1953–4.

What is and is not

Typically such words are formed by abbreviating or altering the original word and adding "-er". Words to which "-er" is simply suffixed to provide a word with a different, though related, meaning – such as "Peeler" and "exhibitioner" – are not examples. Nor are slang nouns like "bounder" or "scorcher", formed by adding "-er" to a verb. "Topper" may appear to be an example, but as a word meaning excellent person or thing, existed from the early 18th century. Both "top hat" and "topper" as synonymous terms date from Regency times and Partridge seems to suggest that the former, itself originally slang, may have been derived from the latter.
Words like "rotter" are somewhere in between. Fiver and tenner probably do fit the "-er" mould, as, more obviously, does oncer, though this was always less prevalent than the higher denominations and is virtually obsolete following the introduction of the pound coin in 1983. Antiquarian Tim Wonnacott used the term "oner" on an edition of BBC TV's Bargain Hunt as recently as 2007.
During the First World War the Belgian town of Ypres was known to British soldiers as "Wipers" . This had some hallmarks of an "-er" coinage and the form would have been familiar to many young officers, but "Wipers" was essentially an attempt to anglicize a name that some soldiers found difficult to pronounce. In the BBC TV series Blackadder Goes Forth, a comedy series set in the trenches during the First World War, Captain Edmund Blackadder and Lieutenant George occasionally addressed Private Baldrick as Balders.
A common extension of the "-er" is found in names containing a pronounced "r", e.g., "Darren", "Barry", etc. where in addition to the "-er", the "r"-sound is replaced by a "zz" so one gets "Dazza" from "Darren", "Bazza" from "Barry".

''Test Match Special''

The "-er" form was famously used on BBC radio's Test Match Special by Brian Johnston, ex-Eton and New College, Oxford, who bestowed nicknames on his fellow commentators on Test cricket: thus, Blowers for Henry Blofeld, Aggers, Bearders and McGillers. The habit extended to cricketers such as Phil Tufnell, but the '-ie' suffix is more common for the current crop of commentating ex-players, such as Michael Vaughan or Shane Warne.
The former Hampshire County Cricket Club captain Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie, whose most usual nickname was McCrackers, was sometimes addressed as Ingers when he made occasional appearances on TMS and former Middlesex bowler and journalist Mike Selvey was referred to as Selvers. The programme's producer, Peter Baxter, cited Backers as his own nickname and Jenkers that of commentator and cricketing journalist, Christopher Martin-Jenkins.
Johnston himself was known as Johnners. Following his death in 1994, the satirical magazine Private Eye published a cartoon of Johnston arriving at the gates of heaven with the greeting "Morning, Godders". An earlier Eye cartoon by McLachlan, reproduced in the 2007 edition of Wisden, included in its long caption a reference to former England bowler Fred Trueman as Fredders, while yummers was applied to "another lovely cake sent in by one of our listeners". Blowers has continued the tradition, referring on one occasion to a particular stroke as inexplickers.

Other personal forms

Other "-er"s as personal names include:

University and City locations

"-er" forms of Oxford locations include:
Brekker, breakker or brekkers is a coinage from the 1880s still in occasional use. In 1996, Jessica Mitford in one of her final letters to her sister, Deborah, Duchess of Devonshire, referred to "proper boiled eggs for breakker". Shampers occurs frequently, often spelt champers: "They like champers up north".
At Cambridge University, cleaning staff who change bed linen and towels in college rooms are referred to as "bedders".
Simon Raven, describing an episode on military service in the late 1940s, referred several times to a particular brigadier as "the Brigger".
Terms from Harrow School include bluer and yarder.
The common abbreviation 'bant' is an archaism - the word banter people hold to have been derived from actually being slang itself, a cruel victim of the Oxford 'er'. The original word bant refers to a drinking toll exacted on those passing from the main quadrangle of University College, Oxford to its secondary Radcliffe 'quad' between the hours of 7 and 10 PM, The tollgate itself being the entrance to a shared student room, and the toll being the rapid consumption of an alcoholic beverage.
A flat-sided conker is known as a cheeser, an "-er" contraction of "cheese-cutter". The names applied to conkers that have triumphed in conker fights are arguably "-er" forms, though "conker" itself is derived from a dialect word for the shell of a snail.

20th century novelists

There are few "-ers" in the books of P. G. Wodehouse, though, with reference to a boundary in cricket scoring four runs, his poem, "The Cricketer in Winter" contained the line, "And giving batsmen needless fourers". The "-er" was evident also in the school cricketing stories of E. F. Benson: "Owlers ". In the two Chimneys novels of Agatha Christie, a pompous Cabinet Minister was nicknamed Codders because of his bulging eyes.
Evelyn Waugh referred to his books Remote People and Black Mischief as Remoters and Blackers and to Madresfield Court, the country seat of the Earls Beauchamp, as Madders.

Locations

Evidence of badders for the racquet sport of badminton is largely anecdotal, as it is in respect of the horse trials held since 1949 in the grounds of Badminton House, Gloucestershire.
The same is true of Skeggers and Honkers, for the former British colony of Hong Kong, though this form has appeared on a number of websites and in print and Wodehouse's first employer, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, is sometimes referred to in the City of London as Honkers and Shankers.
The stadium at Twickenham in South West London, used for major Rugby Union fixtures, including the annual Oxford v. Cambridge 'Varsity match, is often abbreviated to Twickers and journalist Frank Keating has referred to the annual lawn tennis championships at Wimbledon as Wimbers.
The Gloucestershire town of Cheltenham is sometimes reduced to Chelters, particularly by visitors to the Cheltenham Gold Cup horse races.
Chatsworth, seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, has been referred to as Chatters in Private Eye.

Further examples

Test Match Special aside, by the mid-20th century the "-er" was being replaced by snappier nicknames. Thus, in the stories of Anthony Buckeridge, set in a preparatory school of the 1950s, Jennings was "Jen", and not "Jenners". Even so, in the Harry Potter books of J. K. Rowling, Dudley Dursley was addressed as Dudders.
The adjective butters, meaning ugly, is a 21st-century example of the "-er" as "street" slang, as in "She's well butters, innit". This is similar in concept to the well-established starkers. The origin of bonkers is uncertain, but seems to date from the Second World War and is most likely an "-er" coinage derived from "bonk". Similarly, crackers is probably derived from "cracked" and ultimately from "crazy"; Partridge cited "get the crackers" as a late 19th-century slang for "to go mad"
The late 20th century form, probably Australian in origin, that gave rise to such nicknames as "Bazza", "Gazza", "Hezza", "Prezza", "Bozza", "Jezza", "Wozza", "Wazza", and "Mozza" has some similarities to the Oxford "-er". "Macca" for Sir Paul McCartney and others is another variant, McCartney's former wife Heather Mills having been referred to in the press as "Lady Macca". In Private Eye's occasional spoof romance, Duchess of Love, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall addressed her husband, Prince Charles, as "Chazza", while he referred to her as Cammers.