University College, Oxford
University College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1249 by William of Durham.
As of 2018, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £132.7m.
The college is associated with a number of influential people. Notable alumni include Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Neil Gorsuch, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, V. S. Naipaul and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
History
A legend arose in the 14th century that the college was founded by King Alfred in 872.This explains why the college arms are those attributed to King Alfred, why the Visitor is always the reigning monarch, and why the college celebrated its millennium in 1872. Most agree that in reality the college was founded in 1249 by William of Durham. He bequeathed money to support ten or twelve masters of arts studying divinity, and a property which became known as Aula Universitatis was bought in 1253. This later date still allows the claim that Univ is the oldest of the Oxford colleges, although this is contested by Balliol College and Merton College. Univ was only open to fellows studying theology until the 16th century.
The college acquired four properties on its current site south of the High Street in 1332 and 1336 and built a quadrangle in the 15th century. As it grew in size and wealth, its medieval buildings were replaced with the current Main Quadrangle in the 17th century. Although the foundation stone was placed on 17 April 1634, the disruption of the English Civil War meant it was not completed until sometime in 1676. Radcliffe Quad followed more rapidly by 1719, and the library was built in 1861.
Like many of Oxford's colleges, University College accepted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, having previously been an institution for men only.
Buildings
The main entrance to the college is on the High Street and its grounds are bounded by Merton Street and Magpie Lane. The college is divided by Logic Lane, which is owned by the college and runs through the centre. The western side of the college is occupied by the library, the hall, the chapel and the two quadrangles which house both student accommodation and college offices. The eastern side of the college is mainly devoted to student accommodation in rooms above the High Street shops, on Merton Street or in the separate Goodhart Building. This building is named after former master of the college, Arthur Lehman Goodhart.A specially constructed building in the college, the Shelley Memorial, houses a statue by Edward Onslow Ford of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley – a former member of the college, who was sent down for writing The Necessity of Atheism, along with his friend T. J. Hogg. Shelley is depicted lying dead on the Italian seashore.
The college annexe on Staverton Road in North Oxford houses students during their second year.
The college also owns the University College Boathouse and a sports ground, which is located nearby on Abingdon Road.
Student life
Univ Alternative Prospectus
The Alternative Prospectus is written and produced by current students for prospective applicants. The publication was awarded a HELOA Innovation and Best Practice Award in 2011. The Univ Alternative Prospectus offers student written advice and guidance to potential Oxford applicants. The award recognises the engagement of the college community, unique newspaper format, forward-thinking use of social media and the collaborative working between staff and students.Grace
University has the longest grace of any Oxford college. It is read before every Formal Hall, which is held Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday at Univ. The reading is performed by a Scholar of the college and whoever is sitting at the head of High Table. The Scholar does not need to know it by heart, and it is unusual for people to do so.Original version
Gratiarum actio in collegio magnae aulae universitatis quotidie ante mensam dicenda.
Scholar – Benedictus sit Deus in donis suis.
RESPONSE – Et sanctus in omnibus operibus suis.
SCHOLAR – Adiutorium nostrum in Nomine Domini.
RESPONSE – Qui fecit coelum et terram.
SCHOLAR – Sit Nomen Domini benedictum.
RESPONSE – Ab hoc tempore usque in saecula.
SCHOLAR – Domine Deus, Resurrectio et Vita credentium, Qui semper es laudandus tam in viventibus quam in defunctis, gratias Tibi agimus pro omnibus Fundatoribus caeterisque Benefactoribus nostris, quorum beneficiis hic ad pietatem et ad studia literarum alimur: Te rogantes ut nos, hisce Tuis donis ad Tuam gloriam recte utentes, una cum iis ad vitam immortalem perducamur. Per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
SCHOLAR — Deus det vivis gratiam, defunctis requiem: Ecclesiae, Reginae, Regnoque nostro, pacem et concordiam: et nobis peccatoribus vitam aeternam. Amen.
English translation
The Grace that must be said every day before dinner in University College.
SCHOLAR — Blessed be God in his gifts.
RESPONSE — And holy in all his works.
SCHOLAR — Our help is in the name of the Lord.
RESPONSE — Who has made heaven and earth.
SCHOLAR — May the name of the Lord be blessed.
RESPONSE — From this time and for evermore.
SCHOLAR — Lord God, the Resurrection and Life of those who believe, You are always to be praised as much among the living as among the departed. We give You thanks for all our founders and our other benefactors, by whose benefactions we are nourished here for piety and for the study of letters. And we ask you that we, rightly using these Your gifts to Your glory, may be brought with them to immortal life. Through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.
SCHOLAR — May God give grace to the living, rest to the departed; peace and concord to the Church, the Queen and our Kingdom; and to us sinners, eternal life. Amen.
People associated with the college
Government and politics
Many influential politicians are associated with the college, including the social reformer and author of the Beveridge Report William Beveridge and two UK Prime Ministers: Clement Attlee and Harold Wilson. US President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister of Australia, Bob Hawke were also students. Other heads of state and government to have attended Univ include Edgar Whitehead, Kofi Abrefa Busia, and Festus Mogae. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Robert Cecil studied law at the college, similarly US Supreme Court Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch received a DPhil in law as a Marshall Scholar, while former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Bernard W. Rogers read Philosophy, Politics and Economics as a Rhodes Scholar, and former Court of Justice of the European Communities Judge Sir David Edward read Classics.Literature and arts
In the arts, people associated with the college include poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, for whom there is a memorial in college; Poet Laureate Andrew Motion; author of the Narnia books C. S. Lewis; and a Nobel Prize for Literature winner, Sir V. S. Naipaul. One of the translators of the King James Bible, George Abbot, was a master of the college. The actors Michael York and Warren Mitchell attended Univ, as well as broadcaster Paul Gambaccini.Science and innovation
It was due to the college's lack of a mathematics fellow that Stephen Hawking read a natural sciences degree and ended up specialising in physics. Other former students include John Radcliffe, William Jones, and Edmund Cartwright. Rudolph A. Marcus, a Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, received a Professorial Fellowship at Univ from 1975 to 1976. A perhaps more unusual alumnus is Prince Felix Yusupov, the assassin of Rasputin.Univ has the highest proportion of old members offering financial support to the college of any Oxbridge college with 28% in 2007.
Other connections
Although not members of University College, the scientists Robert Boyle and his assistant lived in Deep Hall. The former made a contribution to the completion of University College's current Hall in the mid-17th Century.Samuel Johnson was a frequent visitor to the Senior Common Room at University College during the 18th Century.
Publications
The college produces a number of regular publications, especially for alumni.''University College Record''
The University College Record is the annual magazine sent to alumni of the college each autumn. The magazine provides college news on clubs and societies such as the University College Players and the Devas Club, as well as academic performance and prizes. News about and obituaries of former students are included at the end of each issue.Editors have included Peter Bayley, A. D. M. Cox and Leslie Mitchell.