Mettur
Mettur is an industrial and tourism town located in the Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is best known for the Mettur Dam and it is the largest dam in south Indian.
Mettur is known for its huge dam, power generation, chemical manufacturing, and aluminium production. Most of the water requirements for irrigation in Tamil Nadu is provided by the Mettur Dam. Usually the dam opens in June every year for irrigation in the Kaveri Delta. Mettur is also one of the primary sources of electricity for Tamil Nadu. The Mettur Thermal Power Station acts as a base load power plant for the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. As of 2011, the town had a population of 52,813.
Stanley Reservoir
Mettur Dam, which forms Stanley Reservoir, is constructed across the Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu. It was constructed in 1934 and took 9 years to complete. Maximum height and width of the Dam are 214 and 171 feet respectively. Maximum storage height is 120 feet. Mettur Dam receives the water from both Kabini Dam and Krishna Raja Sagara Dam located in Karnataka. There are 2 hydroelectric power stations in Mettur Dam, the first constructed during British rule and the second during the Indian Republic. There is a park at the base of the dam called Ellis Park maintained by the Tamil Nadu Public Works Department.Electrical power
Mettur is one of the sources of electricity for Tamil Nadu. It has thermal and hydroelectric power stations.The 840-megawatt thermal power station acts as one of the base load power plants for Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. Presently it has 4 units of 210MW each. A new power station has also been constructed with a capacity of 600 megawatts.
There are two hydroelectric power stations at Mettur, called Dam and Tunnel Power Houses, respectively. Dam Power House has a capacity of 40 MW, and Tunnel Power House has a capacity of 200 MW.
Mettur also has several barriage power houses located in the bank of Kaveri River, namely Chekkanur, Nerinjipettai, Koneripatti, UratchiKottai, and Bhavani Kattalai Barriage.
It has one of the largest private sector power suppliers in Madras Aluminium Company, which has a power generation capacity of 100 MW from four units of 25 MW each.
Mettur: Aluminium city of Tamil Nadu
Mettur is also called the "Aluminium city of Tamil Nadu". Its aluminium plant, operated by MALCO, has its own bauxite mines at Yercaud and Kolli Hills. The company is one of five integrated primary aluminium producers in India, with an alumina refinery capacity of 55,000 tonnes per annum and an aluminium smelter capacity of 29,500 tpa.Economy
Mettur has a number of industries. An important one is chemical manufacturing: Mettur Chemicals, has four large plants manufacturing chemicals, soaps, and industrial gases. MALCO, one of the main aluminium producers, runs a matriculation and higher secondary school. SISCOL is a new addition to the region though it is located at Pottaneri, from Mettur and from Salem, the district headquarters. SAIL's Salem Steel plant is nearby. High-grade granite is quarried in the Eli Karadu Hills.Geography
Mettur can be divided into upper and lower Mettur based on whether the part of the town lies upstream or downstream of the river.Mettur, meaning "town with crests and troughs", obtained its name from the undulating rocky nature of the land that makes the town an ideal place for the dam on Cauvery river.
Mettur is located at border of the Erode, Salem, and Dharmapuri districts, and is approximately one and half hours by road from the district headquarters.
Palamalai is an offshoot of the Eastern Ghats, geographically contiguous with the BR hills Biligiriranga Hills range as they reach out to merge with the Western Ghats at Nilgiris.
The town houses the Stanley Reservoir, which is a standing example of British stone masonry, and the dam. The reservoir capacity touches 120 feet when full, and can rise a few feet beyond its full capacity during surplus seasons.
The town is hemmed to a narrow strip of less than a kilometre in width by the cauvery let out by the Dam on the east, and Eli karadu on the west. This forms an interesting pattern of three similar peaks with identical longer shoulders to their left, increasing in height from the Dam's crest level about a from sea level in the north to about peak in the Palamalai.
Local legend
There is a park located at the base of Mettur Dam, where there is a snake park, deer park, and views of the dam. A charge for sightseeing of the dam is fixed.Nerinjipettai is about from the heart of Mettur at the foot of Palamalai. The hills almost reach out to the river with just the State Highway from Mettur to Erode between the river and the hills. There is a boat transportation to Poolampatti, a place known for shooting films.
Pannavadi parisal thurai near Kolathur is located far from Mettur. There is a boat transportation in between the Kolathur and Nerupur of dharmapuri district. The boat transportation also available from koattaiyur it is from Mettur. When the water level decreases in Mettur dam, it is possible to see an Old Nandhi statue, an old church, and a palace of Tippu Sultan which has sunk beneath the water.
Palar, located from Mettur, is at the border for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu State.
Male Mahadeshwara Hills is a famous pilgrimage in Karnataka for lord shiva, located from Mettur. From there it is also possible to reach Mysore.
One of the famous mariyamman festival celebration during the summer in Tamil term chithirai thiruvizha is celebrated in the temple called "sri sakthi kundukal mariyamman kovil" Thiruvizha that temple located in periyar nagar near pudhupaalam.
Culture
Edithaangi Muniappan Kovil is one of the Hindu temples located near Stanley Reservoir. It was built by a British engineer during the same period that Stanley Reservoir was created.St Mary's church is a noteworthy site in Mettur. The annual feast of this church is celebrated on every year on 15 August.
Thanga Malai Murugan, a temple within the town, is a local attraction during festivals.
Villagers in Mettur celebrate the Mariamman festival during the summer vacation time and lasts for an entire week.
The Aadi Perukku festival is celebrated every year on 18th day of Tamil month Adi.
Mettur R.S Kalimamman Kovil is also a much revered temple to the people living in the upper part of Mettur Dam.
Mecheri Kaliamman kovil is famous for "Amavasai".
Thangamapuripattinam "Sri Sakthi Periya Mariamman temple" is famous for "Pournami", evening abisheka pooja & Urchavar temple pradhakshanam in lights decorated radham is special during Pournami and Chithirai thiruviza is the main festival in this temple.Chithra Pournami,Aadi Ammavasai, Naga Chdurthi, Navarathri, Ipasi Annabishekam for Shivan, Karthigai deepam, Thai Ponagla, Maha Shivarathri are the other main festivals in this temple.
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Mettur had a population of 52,813 with a sex-ratio of 1,016 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 4,286 were under the age of six, constituting 2,216 males and 2,070 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 19.43% and.42% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.82%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 14282 households. There were a total of 19,305 workers, comprising 78 cultivators, 304 main agricultural labourers, 316 in house hold industries, 16,194 other workers, 2,413 marginal workers, 13 marginal cultivators, 160 marginal agricultural labourers, 141 marginal workers in household industries and 2,099 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Mettur had 88.43% Hindus, 3.58% Muslims, 7.72% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.0% Jains, 0.25% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.Transport
Mettur, being close to the transportation hubs of Erode and Salem, is well connected to both these cities as well as to Dharmapuri. Bus services operate from Erode and Salem at the high frequency, with bus services typically once every 5 minutes. There is shortcut for Coimbatore from Dharmapuri via Thoppur, Mettur, Bhavani without reaching Salem by NH47 due to the high volume of traffic between Coimbatore and Salem, especially between Coimbatore and Avinashi on NH47. There is also a route to Mysuru-Karnataka through Madeswaran Malai and Kollegal from Mettur.There is a railway station located near the upper part of Mettur Dam that connects to Salem. From the station there is also a daily express train to and from Chennai.
The nearest airport is Salem Airport, which has daily flights to Chennai.
Industrial pollution
Mettur's industrial development has taken a heavy toll on many parts of its farming and fishing communities. However, despite protest from both international groups such as Greenpeace and local groups such as West Gonur Farmers' Association or SpeakOut Salem!, the local authorities have failed to bring the problems under control.Recent tests undertaken by Dr. Ruth Stringer and Dr. Mark Chernaik of ELAW-US revealed high levels of contamination. From nine samples taken from around the plants run by Chemplast and MALCO, there were 17 chemicals were found to be at levels significantly above USEPA 'safe' levels.