Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, the world's largest parade, is presented by the U.S. based department store chain Macy's. The parade started in 1924, tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit. The three-hour parade is held in Manhattan, ending outside Macy's Herald Square, and takes place from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952. Employees at Macy's department stores have the option of marching in the parade.
History
Early history
In 1924, store employees marched to Macy's Herald Square, the flagship store on 34th Street, dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then crowned "King of the Kiddies". With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event, despite media reports only barely covering the first parade. By 1928, inflatable balloons were introduced, replacing the live zoo animalsThe Macy's parade was enough of a success to push Ragamuffin Day, the typical children's Thanksgiving Day activity from 1870 into the 1920s, into obscurity. Ragamuffin Day featured children going around and performing a primitive version of trick-or-treating, a practice that by the 1920s had come to annoy most adults. The public backlash against such begging in the 1930s led to promotion of alternatives, including Macy's parade. While ragamuffin parades that competed with Macy's would continue into the 1930s, the competition from Macy's would overwhelm the practice, and the last ragamuffin parade in New York City would take place in 1956.
Anthony "Tony" Frederick Sarg loved to work with marionettes from an early age. After moving to London to start his own marionette business, Sarg moved to New York City to perform with his puppets on the street. Macy's heard about Sarg's talents and asked him to design a window display of a parade for the store.
Growth and changes
Through the 1930s, the Parade continued to grow, with crowds of over one million people lining the parade route in 1933. The first Mickey Mouse balloon entered the parade in 1934. The annual festivities were broadcast on local radio stations in New York City from 1932 to 1941, and resumed in 1945, running through 1951.The parade was suspended from 1942 to 1944 as a result of World War II, because rubber and helium were needed for the war effort. The parade resumed in 1945, and became known nationwide shortly afterward, having been prominently featured in the 1947 film Miracle on 34th Street, which included footage of the 1946 festivities. The event was first broadcast on network television in 1948. Since 1984, the balloons have been made by Raven Industries of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, through its Raven Aerostar division.
The :File:Macys80thparadelogo.jpg|classic "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" logo was, with one exception, last used in 2005. For 2006, a special variant of the logo was used. Every year since then, a new logo has been used for each parade. However, the logos are only seen on television before and after commercial breaks, and in the bottom corner of the screen during the broadcast.
Following an incident in 2005 where a balloon knocked over a street light and injured spectators, new safety measures were incorporated in 2006 to prevent accidents and balloon-related injuries. One measure taken was the installation of wind measurement devices to alert parade organizers to any unsafe conditions that could cause the balloons to behave erratically. In addition, parade officials implemented a measure to keep the balloons closer to the ground during windy conditions. New York City law prohibits Macy's from flying the full-size balloons if sustained winds exceed or wind gusts exceed ; New York's tall buildings and regular grid plan can amplify wind velocity on city streets. This law, imposed in 1997, has never been activated, despite several close calls; the only time the parade balloons have ever been grounded was 1971. Each balloon has its own risk profile to determine handling in windy conditions; taller, upright balloons are rotated so that they appear horizontal and facing downward in such situations. In the event the balloons are grounded, the remaining floats and performances would continue as scheduled.
The 2018 parade was the coldest to date with the temperature at 19 °F. The warmest was in 1933 at 69 °F. The 2006 parade was the wettest with 1.72" of rain. Actresses Caitlin Kinnunen and Isabelle McCalla's kiss during The Prom's performance at the 2018 parade received significant media attention for being the first LGBTQ kiss in the parade's broadcast history.
Balloons
The balloons were introduced in 1928, replacing live zoo animals, Sarg's large animal-shaped balloons, were produced by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio from the 1920s through 1980. That year there was no procedure to deflate the balloons and they were simply released. In 1928 five of the larger balloons were designed and filled with helium to rise above and slowly deflate for whomever was lucky enough to capture the contestants in Macy's "balloon race" and return them for a reward of $100, this lasted until 1932.The balloons in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade have had several varieties. The oldest is the novelty balloon class, consisting of smaller balloons ranging widely in size and handled by between one and thirty people. The larger and more popular class is the character balloons, primarily consisting of licensed pop-culture characters; each of these is handled by exactly 90 people. From 2005 to 2012, a third balloon class, the "Blue Sky Gallery", transformed the works of contemporary artists into full-size balloons; after a five-year hiatus, the Blue Sky Gallery returned in 2018.
Balloons listed by year introduced
Character balloons
Novelty balloons
Blue Sky Gallery
Falloon
A falloon, a portmanteau of "float" and "balloon", is a float-based balloon. They were introduced in 1977.| Year | Falloon |
| 1977 | Big Apple |
| 1986 | The Chipmunk Adventure |
| 1990 | Paddington Bear, The Wicked Witch of the West |
| 1991 | The Magical World of Mother Goose, Sporting Life |
| 1993 | Little Drummer Boy, Elf in the Box |
| 1994 | Sea Venture |
| 1995 | M&M's Chocolate Factory |
| 1996 | The Family Channel Snow Family |
| 1997 | The Grinch, The World of Wiggle & Jiggle |
| 1998 | M&M's Network, P.T Flea's Circus, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer |
| 1999 | Pets.com sock puppet |
| 2000 | Green Dog |
| 2001 | World of Green Dog, Santaland Express with Percy the Penguin |
| 2003 | Cruisin with Percy and the P-Birds |
| 2004 | Universal Orlando Resort Holiday Beat |
| 2005 | Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, Big Apple |
| 2008 | The Smurfs Mushroom House, A Fully Awesome Thanksgiving |
| 2011 | Universal Orlando Resort PB Polar Bear |
| 2013 | Gelt the Snowman |
| 2019 | Blue |
Balloonicle
A balloonicle, a portmanteau of "balloon" and "vehicle", is a self-powered balloon vehicle. They were introduced in 2004.| Year | Balloonicle |
| 2004 | Weebles' Tibbey, Tooey and Bumpus |
| 2005 | SnowBo |
| 2006 | Energizer Bunny |
| 2010 | Kool-Aid Man, Holiday Ornament, Blue Holiday Ornament |
| 2011 | Sledding Aflac Duck |
| 2013 | Dreidel |
| 2014 | Ice Skating Aflac Duck, Cloe the Holiday Clown |
| 2015 | Tom Turkey |
| 2016 | Mother Ginger from The Nutcracker ballet |
| 2017 | Aflac Duck |
| 2018 | Go Bowling, Sinclair Oil 3 Baby Dinos |
Performers and acts
In addition to the well-known balloons and floats, the Parade also features live music and other performances. College and high school marching bands from across the country participate in the parade, and the television broadcasts feature performances by established and up-and-coming singers and bands. The Rockettes of Radio City Music Hall are a classic performance as well, as are cheerleaders and dancers chosen by the National Cheerleaders Association from various high schools across the country. The parade always concludes with the arrival of Santa Claus to ring in the Christmas and holiday season.On the NBC telecast from in front of the flagship Macy's store on Broadway and 34th Street, the marching bands perform live music. Most "live" performances by musicals and individual artists lip sync to the studio, soundtrack or cast recordings of their songs, due to the technical difficulties of attempting to sing into a wireless microphone while in a moving vehicle ; the NBC-flagged microphones used by performers on floats are almost always non-functioning props. Although rare, recent parade broadcasts have featured at least one live performance with no use of recorded vocals.
Featured performers
Broadway shows
Every year, cast members from a number of Broadway shows perform either in the parade, or immediately preceding the parade in front of Macy's and before The Rockettes' performance. The 2007 parade was notable as it took place during a strike by the I.A.T.S.E., and as such, Legally Blonde, the one performing musical affected by the strike, performed in show logo shirts, with makeshift props and no sets. The other three shows that year performed in theaters that were not affected by the strike.| Year | Performances |
| 1980 | Brigadoon, The Pirates of Penzance, A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine |
| 1981 | Sophisticated Ladies, Camelot |
| 1983 | Cats, My One and Only |
| 1984 | The Tap Dance Kid |
| 1986 | Me and My Girl, Sweet Charity, Big River |
| 1987 | Cabaret, Les Misérables, Teddy And Alice, Starlight Express, Into The Woods |
| 1988 | Godspell, Forbidden Broadway, Into the Woods |
| 1989 | Meet Me in St. Louis |
| 1991 | Grand Hotel, The Secret Garden, Miss Saigon, The Will Rogers Follies |
| 1992 | Annie Warbucks, Jelly's Last Jam, Guys and Dolls, Falsettos |
| 1993 | Raffi on Broadway, My Fair Lady, The Who's Tommy, Kiss of the Spider Woman |
| 1994 | Beauty and the Beast, Grease, Show Boat, Damn Yankees |
| 1995 | Hello, Dolly!, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Smokey Joe's Cafe |
| 1996 | The King and I, Rent, Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk, Chicago |
| 1997 | Street Corner Symphony, The Sound of Music |
| 1998 | Cabaret, Footloose, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Annie Get Your Gun, Peter Pan |
| 1999 | Saturday Night Fever, Fosse, Swing, Kiss Me, Kate |
| 2000 | The Music Man, Seussical, Swing, Annie Get Your Gun |
| 2001 | Mamma Mia!, 42nd Street, Thou Shalt Not, Contact |
| 2002 | Hairspray, Oklahoma!, The Producers, Thoroughly Modern Millie |
| 2003 | Wicked, The Boy From Oz, Little Shop of Horrors, Never Gonna Dance |
| 2004 | Bombay Dreams, All Shook Up, La Cage aux Folles, Wonderful Town, Good Vibrations |
| 2005 | Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Jersey Boys, Sweet Charity |
| 2006 | A Chorus Line, Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, The Color Purple, Spamalot |
| 2007 | Legally Blonde, Mary Poppins, Young Frankenstein, Xanadu |
| 2008 | White Christmas, In the Heights, Hair, South Pacific, The Little Mermaid |
| 2009 | Billy Elliot, Bye, Bye Birdie, Hair, Shrek |
| 2010 | Memphis, American Idiot, Elf, Million Dollar Quartet |
| 2011 | ', Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Sister Act, Newsies |
| 2012 | Annie, Bring It On, Elf, Cinderella, Nice Work If You Can Get It |
| 2013 | Matilda, Motown, Pippin, Kinky Boots |
| 2014 | A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder, Honeymoon in Vegas, The Last Ship, On the Town, Side Show |
| 2015 | On Your Feet!, The King and I, Finding Neverland, Something Rotten!, Fiddler on the Roof, School of Rock |
| 2016 | Holiday Inn, Waitress, Cats, Paramour |
| 2017 | Anastasia, SpongeBob SquarePants, Once on This Island, Dear Evan Hansen |
| 2018 | Mean Girls, My Fair Lady, ', The Prom |
| 2019 | Ain't Too Proud, Beetlejuice, Hadestown, Tina'' |
Marching bands
Special guests
For the 10th anniversary of the September 11th attacks in 2011, the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade invited family members from Tuesday's Children, a family service organization that has made a long-term commitment to those directly impacted by the attacks and terrorism around the world, to cut the ribbon at the start of the parade with NBC's Al Roker and led the parade with Amy Kule, the Parade's executive producer.Television coverage
More than 44 million people typically watch the parade on television on an annual basis. It was first televised locally in New York City in 1939 as an experimental broadcast on NBC's W2XBS. No television stations broadcast the parade in 1940 or 1941, but when the parade returned in 1945 after the wartime suspension, local broadcasts resumed. The parade began its network television appearances on CBS in 1948, the year that major, regular television network programming began. NBC has been the official broadcaster of the event since 1952, though CBS also carries unauthorized coverage under the title The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS. Since the parade takes place in public, the parade committee can endorse an official broadcaster, but they cannot award exclusive rights as other events have the authority to do. The rerouting of the parade that was implemented for the 2012 event moved the parade out of the view of CBS's cameras and thus made it significantly more difficult for the network to cover the parade ; CBS nevertheless continues to cover the parade to the same extent as in previous years.Since 2003, the parade has been broadcast simultaneously in Spanish on the sister network of NBCUniversal hosted by María Celeste Arrarás from 2003-2006. The parade won nine Emmy Awards for outstanding achievements in special event coverage since 1979.
At first, the telecasts were only an hour long. In 1961, the telecast expanded to two hours, and was then reduced to 90 minutes in 1962, before reverting to a two-hour telecast in 1965; all three hours of the parade were televised by 1969. The event began to be broadcast in color in 1960. NBC airs the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade live in the Eastern Time Zone as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as they use feeds from that time zone, but tape delays the telecast elsewhere in the continental U.S. and territories from the Central Time Zone westward to allow the program to air in the same 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. timeslot across its owned-and-operated and affiliated stations; since the morning program's expansion to three hours in 2000 and eventually to four hours, NBC's Today only airs for two hours Thanksgiving morning as a result, pre-empting the latter two talk-focused hours of the show for the day. NBC began airing a same-day afternoon rebroadcast of the parade in 2009. CBS's unauthorized coverage airs live in most time zones, allowing viewers to see the parade as many as two hours before the official NBC coverage airs in their area; CBS still broadcasts the parade on delay on the West Coast, immediately after the Detroit Lions Thanksgiving game in even-numbered years when CBS carries it, or at 9 a.m. local time in odd-numbered years when they carry the Dallas Cowboys Thanksgiving game.
From 1963 to 1972, NBC's coverage was hosted by Lorne Greene and Betty White. David Hartman and Karen Grassle hosted the parade in 1974, With Ed McMahon serving as a man on the street host, He would become a main host in 1977, until 1981. Since 1982, NBC has appointed at least one of the hosts of Today to emcee the television broadcast, starting with Bryant Gumbel, who hosted the parade until 1984. From 1987 to 1997, NBC's coverage was hosted by longtime Today weather anchor Willard Scott. During that period, their co-hosts included Mary Hart, Sandy Duncan, and Today colleagues Deborah Norville and Katie Couric. In recent years, NBC's coverage has been hosted by Today anchors Matt Lauer, Meredith Vieira, Ann Curry, Savannah Guthrie and Hoda Kotb as well as Today weather anchor Al Roker who usually joins the producers of the parade and special guests in the ribbon cutting ceremony.
From the early 1980s until circa 1994, the television broadcast was produced and directed by Dick Schneider; since circa 1994, it has been executive produced by Brad Lachman, produced by Bill Bracken and directed by veteran sitcom director Gary Halvorson. Announcements during the telecast were first provided by Don Pardo, followed by Lynda Lopez, the telecast's only female announcer, who served during the decade wherein Willard Scott was the parade's host; from circa 1994 to 2010, announcer duties were helmed by Joel Godard, and then were assumed by Today announcer Les Marshak with the 2011 telecast. The musical director for the television coverage is veteran composer/arranger Milton DeLugg.
CBS's coverage was originally part of the "All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade," a broadcast that included footage from multiple parades across North America, including parades at Detroit, Philadelphia and Disneyland, and taped footage of the Toronto Santa Claus Parade and the Aloha Floral Parade in Honolulu. Beginning in 2004, however, CBS has focused exclusively on the Macy's parade, but avoids using the Macy's name due to the lack of an official license. To compensate for the fact that the Broadway and music performances can only appear on NBC, CBS adds their own pre-recorded performances to fill out the special.
For the 1997 parade, MTV guest reporters, Beavis and Butt-head, with host Kurt Loder, provided their usual style of commentary on aspects of the parade, and of their take on Thanksgiving in general. The special, titled Beavis and Butt-head Do Thanksgiving, included a balloon of Beavis and Butt-head spectating from their couch. The balloon was not participating in the parade, but stationed on top of a building alongside the parade route.
Radio coverage is provided by Entercom's WINS in New York City. It is one of the few times throughout the year in which that station breaks away from its all-news radio format.
Since 2016, Verizon has produced a 360-degree virtual reality live telecast of the parade, with minimal commentary, made available through YouTube. The 2019 edition, produced in cooperation with NBC, had more extensive production, adding hosts Terry Crews, Lilly Singh and Ross Matthews, also adding "virtual balloons" generated through viewers' votes.
Parade route
The Parade has always taken place in Manhattan. The parade originally started from 145th Street in Harlem and ended at Macy's flagship in Herald Square, making a route.In the 1930s, the balloons were inflated around 110th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, near the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The parade proceeded south on Amsterdam Avenue to 106th Street and turned east. At Columbus Avenue, the balloons had to be lowered to go under the Ninth Avenue El. Past the El tracks, the parade proceeded east on 106th Street to Central Park West and turned south to terminate at Macy's flagship.
A new route was established for the 2009 parade. From 77th Street and Central Park West, the route went south along Central Park to Columbus Circle, then east along Central Park South. The parade would then make a right turn at 7th Avenue and go south to Times Square. At 42nd Street, the parade turned left and went east, then at 6th Avenue turned right again at Bryant Park. Heading south on 6th Avenue, the parade turned right at 34th Street and proceeded west to the terminating point at 7th Avenue where the floats are taken down. The 2009 route change eliminated Broadway completely, where the parade has traveled down for decades. The City of New York said that the new route would provide more space for the parade, and more viewing space for spectators. Another reason for implementing the route change is the city's subsequent transformation of Broadway into a pedestrian-only zone at Times Square.
Another new route was introduced with the 2012 parade. This change is similar to the 2009 route, but eliminated Times Square altogether, instead going east from Columbus Circle along Central Park South, then south on Sixth Avenue to Herald Square.
Balloon teams race through Columbus Circle due to higher winds in this flat area, making it an unsuitable observation location. New York City officials preview the parade route and try to eliminate as many potential obstacles as possible, including rotating overhead traffic signals out of the way. Viewing is restricted from 38th Street through the end of the parade route, as this area is used for the NBC telecast.
Injuries
On November 25, 1993, strong gusts of wind pushed the Sonic the Hedgehog balloon into a lamppost at Columbus Circle. The lamppost damaged the balloon and the top of the post broke off while inside the balloon, dragging it down, injuring a child and an off-duty police officer in the process.In 1997, very high winds pushed the Cat in the Hat balloon into a lamppost. The falling debris struck a parade-goer, fracturing her skull and leaving her in a coma for a month. Balloon size regulations were implemented the next year, eliminating larger balloons such as the Cat in the Hat.
In 2005, the M&M's balloon collided with a streetlight in Times Square; parts of the light fell on two sisters, who suffered minor injuries. As a result, new safety rules were introduced. The M&M's balloon was retired.
Similar parades
Other American cities also have parades held on Thanksgiving, none of which are run by Macy's. The nation's oldest Thanksgiving parade was first held in Philadelphia in 1920. Other cities with parades on the holiday include the McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago, Illinois and parades in Plymouth, Massachusetts; Seattle, Washington; Houston, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and Fountain Hills, Arizona. There is also a second Thanksgiving balloon parade within the New York metropolitan area, the UBS balloon parade in Stamford, Connecticut, located away; that parade is held the Sunday before Thanksgiving, so as not to compete with the parade in New York City. It usually does not duplicate any balloon characters. The Celebrate the Season Parade, held the last Saturday in November in Pittsburgh, was sponsored by Macy's from 2006 to 2013 after Macy's bought the Kaufmann's store chain that had sponsored that parade prior to 2006.Universal's Holiday Parade Featuring Macy's
Since 2001, Macy's Studios has partnered with the Universal Orlando Resort to bring balloons and floats from New York City to the theme park in Florida every holiday season in an event known as the Macy's Holiday Parade. The parade is performed daily and includes the iconic Santa Claus float. Performers from the Orlando area are cast as various clowns, and the park used to invite guests to be "balloon handlers" for the parade. In 2017, the Macy's Holiday Parade was renamed to Universal's Holiday Parade Featuring Macy's.In popular culture
- The 1947 film Miracle on 34th Street, begins with the parade, as do most of its remakes. The film portrays the real Santa Claus being hired to work at Macy's after its own Santa impersonator gets drunk during the parade. NBC, in its telecasts, often showed the original 1947 film on Thanksgiving afternoon, following its coverage of the parade and the National Dog Show.
- In the Seinfeld episode "The Mom and Pop Store", Elaine wins a spot on the parade route for her boss, Mr. Pitt, to hold the Woody Woodpecker balloon.
- The first Thanksgiving-themed episode of Friends centered on the accidental release of the "Underdog" balloon.
- The parade is featured in the children's book We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and its animated film adaptation which where Rex mistakenly befriends a dinosaur balloon.
- "Macy's Day Parade" is a song by Green Day.
- In 2008, a Coca-Cola CGI ad aired in the United States during Super Bowl XLII. The commercial's plot centered around Underdog and fictional Stewie Griffin balloons chasing a Coke bottle-shaped balloon through New York City. The spot ended with a Charlie Brown balloon holding the Coke balloon. The advertisement won a Silver Lion Award at the annual Lions International Advertising Festival in Cannes, France that year, and the clip of the commercial with the Griffin balloon was featured in a Macy's commercial in October 2008. The commercial was also referenced in an episode of Family Guy. Stewie, one of its main characters, is seen watching the parade only to see the balloon of himself in the parade.
- In the 2016 reboot of Ghostbusters, the female team of Ghostbusters fights a haunted balloon parade including several Macy's balloons from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.