List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court decided during the Taney Court, the tenure of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney from March 28, 1836 through October 12, 1864.
| Case name | Citation | Summary |
| United States v. Segui | upholding the validity of a Spanish land grant in Florida | |
| Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge | Contract Clause of the Constitution | |
| The Amistad | slave trade and slave ownership | |
| Swift v. Tyson | Federal common law in diversity jurisdiction cases, later overturned | |
| Prigg v. Pennsylvania | runaway slaves | |
| Luther v. Borden | guarantee clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution | |
| Passenger Cases | taxation of immigrants, constitutionality of state laws regarding foreign commerce | |
| Sheldon v. Sill | Congressional control of the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts | |
| Hotchkiss v. Greenwood | Early standard for non-obviousness in United States patent law | |
| Strader v. Graham | slavery and the application of state laws thereof | |
| Cooley v. Board of Wardens | pilotage laws under the Commerce Clause | |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | slavery, the definition of citizenship | |
| Ableman v. Booth | The contradiction of Federal law by States | |
| Prize Cases | presidential powers in wartime |