List of Germanic languages
The Germanic languages include some 58 languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is a part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.
The standard division of Germanic is into three branches,
They all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
South Germanic languages, an attempt to classify some of the West Germanic languages into a separate group, is rejected by the overwhelming majority of scholars.
† denotes extinct languages.
West Germanic
Continental West Germanic
- High German languages
- * Old High German †
- ** Upper German
- *** High Franconian
- **** East Franconian German
- ***** Main-Franconian
- **** South Franconian German
- *** Alemannic German
- **** Swabian German, including Stuttgart
- **** Low Alemannic German, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German
- ***** Alsatian
- **** Central Alemannic
- **** High Alemannic German, including Zürich German and Bernese German
- **** Highest Alemannic German, including the Bernese Oberland dialects and Walliser German
- *** Austro-Bavarian German
- **** Old Austro-Bavarian†
- ***** Middle Austro-Bavarian†
- ****** Modern Austro-Bavarian
- ******* Northern Austro-Bavarian
- ******* Central Austro-Bavarian
- ******* Southern Austro-Bavarian
- ******** Mócheno
- ******** Cimbrian
- ** Central German languages
- *** West Central German
- **** Ripuarian Franconian
- **** Moselle Franconian
- ***** Luxembourgish
- **** Rhine Franconian
- ***** Palatine
- **** North Hessian
- **** Central Hessian
- **** East Hessian
- **** Pennsylvania German
- *** East Central German
- **** Thuringian
- **** Upper Saxon German
- **** Lausitzisch-neumärkisch
- **** Silesian German
- **** High Prussian
- ** Hutterite German aka "Tirolean"
- ** Yiddish
- ** Wymysorys
- Low German languages
- * Old Saxon†
- ** West Low German
- *** Northern Low Saxon
- *** East Frisian Low Saxon
- *** Westphalian
- *** Eastphalian
- ** East Low German
- *** Brandenburgisch
- *** Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
- *** Middle Pomeranian
- *** East Pomeranian
- *** Low Prussian
- *** Plautdietsch
- Low Franconian languages
- * Old Frankish†
- ** Old Dutch†
- *** Middle Dutch†
- **** Modern Dutch
- ***** West Flemish
- ***** East Flemish
- ***** Zeelandic
- ***** Hollandic
- ***** Brabantine
- ***** Zuid-Gelders/Clevian)
- ***** Limburgian
- ***** Stadsfries dialects
- **** Afrikaans
North-Sea Germanic
- Anglo-Frisian
- * Old Frisian†
- ** Frisian
- *** West Frisian language
- **** Clay Frisian
- **** Wood Frisian
- ***** Noardhoeks
- **** South Frisian
- **** Southwest Frisian
- **** Schiermonnikoogs
- **** Hindeloopers
- **** Aasters
- **** Westers
- *** East Frisian language
- **** Saterland Frisian
- **** Wangerooge Frisian†
- **** Wursten Frisian†
- *** North Frisian language
- **** Mainland Frisian
- ***** Mooring
- ***** Goesharde Frisian
- ***** Wiedingharde Frisian
- ***** Halligen Frisian
- ***** Karrharde Frisian
- **** Island Frisian
- ***** Söl'ring
- ***** Fering
- ***** Öömrang
- ***** Heligolandic
- * Anglic
- ** English language
- *** Old English†
- **** Middle English†
- ***** Early Modern English†
- ****** Modern English
- ******* British English and Irish English
- ******* North American English
- ******* Australian English and New Zealand English
- ******* South African English
- ******* South Asian English
- ******* South-East Asian English
- ******* West Indian English
- ** Lowland Scots
- *** Early Scots†
- **** Middle Scots†
- ***** Modern Scots
- ****** Northern Scots
- ******* North Northern
- ******* Mid Northern
- ******* South Northern
- ****** Central Scots
- ******* North East Central
- ******* South East Central
- ******* West Central
- ******* South West Central
- ****** Southern Scots
- ****** Insular Scots
- ******* Orcadian
- ******* Shetland dialect
- ****** Ulster Scots
- ** Yola†
- ** Fingallian†
North Germanic
- Proto-Norse †
- * Old Norse †
- ** West Scandinavian
- *** Old West Norse †
- **** Old Norwegian †
- ***** Middle Norwegian †
- ****** Modern Norwegian dialects
- *******
- ********
- ******** Brønnøy dialect
- ********
- ******** other dialects
- ******* Trøndersk
- ********
- ********
- ******** Jämtland dialects
- ******** Meldal dialect
- ********
- ******** other dialects
- ******* Vestlandsk
- ******** West '
- ********* Bergen dialect
- *********
- *********
- *********
- *********
- **********
- *********
- ********* Sandnes dialect
- ********* Sogn dialect
- *********
- ********* Stavanger dialect
- *********
- ******** South '
- ********* Arendal dialect
- *********
- ******** other dialects
- *******
- ********
- ********* Vikværsk dialects
- **********
- **********
- **********
- ********** Oslo dialect
- *********
- **********
- ***********
- ***********
- *********
- ********** Hedmark dialects
- ***********
- *********
- *********
- ********** Särna-Idre dialect
- ********
- ********* Gudbrandsdal dialect
- ********* Hallingdal-Valdres dialects
- **********
- ********** Valdris dialect
- ********* Telemark-Numedal dialects
- **********
- ******** other dialects
- ***** Old Faroese †
- ****** Middle Faroese †
- ******* Modern Faroese
- ***** Norn †
- ****** Caithness Norn †
- ****** Orkney Norn †
- ****** Shetland Norn †
- **** Old Icelandic †
- ***** Middle Icelandic †
- ****** Modern Icelandic
- **** Greenlandic Norse †
- ** East Scandinavian
- *** Old East Norse †
- **** Old Danish †
- ***** Middle Danish †
- ****** Modern Danish
- ******* Bornholmsk
- ******* Island Danish
- ******* Jutlandic/Jutish
- ******** North Jutlandic
- ******** East Jutlandic
- ******** West Jutlandic
- ******** South Jutlandic
- ****** Gøtudanskt
- ****** Urban East Norwegian
- **** Old Swedish †
- ***** Modern Swedish
- ****** Norrland dialects
- ****** Svealand Swedish
- ******* Dalecarlian
- ******** Elfdalian
- ****** Götamål
- ****** East Swedish/Finland Swedish
- ******* Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
- ******* Other dialects of Finland Swedish
- ****** Estonian Swedish
- ****** South Swedish
- ******* Scanian
- ****** Gutnish
- ******* Old Gutnish †
- ******* Modern Gutnish
- Insular Scandinavian
- * Icelandic
- * Faroese
- Continental Scandinavian
- * Danish
- * Norwegian
- * Swedish
East Germanic†
- East Germanic†
- * Burgundian†
- * Gothic†
- ** Crimean Gothic†
- * Vandalic†