Kirat Mundhum


Kirat Mundhum, also known as Kirati Mundhum or Kiratism, are the stories recited/sung by the shamans of the Kirati ethnic groups of Nepal, Darjeeling and Sikkim: Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha peoples. The practice is also known as Kirat Veda, Kirat-Ko Veda or Kirat Ko Ved. According to some scholars, such as Tom Woodhatch, it is an animistic religion or blend of animism, and Saivism. It is practiced by about 3.1% of the Nepali population. It's Limbu language slogan is,.

Religious texts

It has the religious scripture and folk literature of the Kirat people of Nepal and India. All four Kirats have slightly different religious texts. Religious texts means the power of great strength Mundhum in the Limbu language, Mewahang call it muddum, Yakka as mintum, Sunuwar as mukdum among Kulung as ridum and Chamling as dum. It covers many aspects of the Kirat culture, customs and traditions that existed before Vedic period in ancient Indian subcontinent.
The religious texts for each tribe consists of customs, habits, rituals, traditions, and myths passed down from the Kirati tribe's ancestors. Religious texts serve, in a way, as customary laws which guide Kirats in their daily lives. Their religious texts also distinguishes each Kiranti tribe from other Kirati and non-Kiratis as well.

Practices

Kirats practice shamanism and their rituals are mostly related to the worship of Mother Nature, ancestors, sun, moon, wind, fire and main pillar of house. Almost all sacred rituals, in Rai, are performed by nakchong, the Rai tribal priest. Similarly Limbus have phɛdɑŋmɑ/bɑ, yɛbɑ/mɑ, sɑmbɑ/mɑ to perform rituals accordingly. Rai's supreme deity is Sumnima. Sumnima is a female goddess which is believed to be the Mother Earth and Paruhang is a male god also known as the Sky God Limbus supreme deity Tagera Ningwaphuma: tɑgɛrɑ niŋwɑphumɑ is personified as Yuma Sammang as female and Theba Sammang as male in earthly form. Some Limbus have their own distinct form of worship known as Yuma Sammang is mother of all the Limbus their follower are Yumaism; they venerate a supreme goddess.

Festivals

All four Kirats celebrate some similar and different festivals throughout the year. Some common festivals are Udhauli, Ubhauli and New year Yele Sambat.
Sakela is the main festival of Khambu Kirat , in this festival, they worship mother nature and their Ancestor's . This festival is celebrated twice a year distinguished by two names Ubhauli and Udhauli. Sakela Ubhauli is celebrated during Baisakh Purnima and Sakela Udhauli is celebrated during the full moon day in the month of Mangh. In Ubhauli they prey for the goodness of family and good weather for cultivation and in Udhauli they thanks the mother nature and ancestor for their blessing and good harvest.
In both Ubhauli and Udhauli they sacrifice a rooster and worship by Ginger, Rice, homemade alcohol, and tree resin and conduct a Sakela dance. In this dance, they perform all the daily life activity and also try to copy the behavior of animals and birds which are part of their day to day life. The Limbu Kirat celebrate Udhauli Chasok Tangnam on the day of Mangsir Purnima and Ubhauli in the month of Baisakh. Other Kirats also celebrate in their own way. Sakela celebration is the prayer to the Goddess of Nature for good crops and protection from natural calamities.
The celebration of Sakela is also known as Chandi Nach Murat. On Chandi Nach, they worship Durga, who is known to them as Chandi, or Chandika. Durga Puja is still performed by a few Kirants.
Tihar is another festival that was added first in the Veda. It is also known as Deepavali and Lakshmi Puja.