Instructive case


Finnish

In the Finnish language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of "by means of". It is a comparatively rarely used case, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin → "with one's own eyes".
In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental uses are being superseded by the adessive case, as in "minä matkustin junalla" → "I travelled by train."
It is also used with Finnish verbal second infinitives to mean "by...ing", e.g. "lentäen" → "by flying", "by air".

Estonian

In Estonian, the instructive case also exists, but only in some words.

Turkish

In Turkish, the suffix -le is used for this purpose. Ex: Trenle geldim "I came via train".