An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem. It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem such as a prefix or suffix. When marking text for interlinear glossing, most affixes are separated with a hyphen but infixes are separated with.
includes the infixes, signifying complete hydrogenation, and , signifying the ethyl radical C2H5. Thus from the existing word picoline is derived pipecoline, and from lutidine is derived lupetidine; from phenidine and xanthoxylin are derived phenetidine and xanthoxyletin.
The infix or is characteristic of hip-hop slang, for example hizouse for house and shiznit for shit.
The infix, whose location in the word is described in Yu, gives a word an ironic pseudo-sophistication, as in sophistimacated, saxomaphone, and edumacation. This exists as a slang phenomenon.
Sanskrit uses a nasal infix as a characteristic mark of verbs of the seventh class, or gaṇa. This infix takes the form of -na- in strong forms and -n- in weak forms. For the root रुध् rudh, meaning "to block or hinder," one has रुणध्मि ruṇadhmi "I block" but रुन्ध्मः rundhmaḥ "we block" in the present tense.
Spanish
In Nicaragua and neighboring countries, the Spanish diminutive affix becomes an infix in names: Óscar → Osquítar ; Edgar → Edguítar; Victor → Victítor.
Arabic
uses a common infix, ت for Form VIII verbs, usually a reflexive of Form I. It is placed after the first consonant of the root; an epenthetici- prefix is also added since words cannot begin with a consonant cluster. An example is اجتهد ijtahada "he worked hard", from جهد jahada "he strove".
Infixes are common in Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages. For example, in Tagalog, a grammatical form similar to the active voice is formed by adding the infix near the beginning of a verb. The most common infix is -in- used to make an intentional verb, as in 'giniba’, meaning ‘ruined’ ; 'binato’, meaning ‘stoned’ ; and 'ginamit’, meaning ‘used’. Tagalog has borrowed the English word graduate as a verb; to say "I graduated" a speaker uses the derived form grumaduate. Khmer, an Austroasiatic language, has seven different infixes. They include the nominalizing infix, which derives lbeun 'speed' from leun 'fast' and lbong ' trial' from long 'to test, to haunt'. In Malay and related languages like Indonesian, there are three kinds of infixes. They are,, and. Examples are:
The word 'gembung' means "bloated", while 'gelembung' means "bubble"'.
The word 'cerlang' means "luminous", while 'cemerlang' means "brilliant"'.
The word 'gigi' means "tooth", while 'gerigi' means "serration"'.
In Seri, some verbs form the plural stem with infixation of after the first vowel of the root; compare the singular stem ic 'plant ' with the plural stem itóoc. Examples: itíc 'did s/he plant it?' and ititóoc 'did they sow it?'.
Similar processes
, the use of a lexical word rather than an affix, is sometimes considered a type of infixation. These are the so-called "expletive infixes", as in abso-bloody-lutely. Since these are not affixes, they are commonly disqualified from being considered infixes. Sequences of adfixes do not result in infixes: An infix must be internal to a word stem. Thus the word originally, formed by adding the suffix -ly to original, does not turn the suffix -al into an infix. There is simply a sequence of two suffixes, origin-al-ly. In order for -al- to be considered an infix, it would have to have been inserted in the non-existent word *originly. The "infixes" in the tradition of Bantu linguistics are often sequences of prefixes of this type, though there may be debate over specific cases. The Semitic languages have a form of ablaut that is sometimes called infixation, as the vowels are placed between the consonants of the root. However, this interdigitation of a discontinuous root with a discontinuous affix is more often called transfixation. An interfix joins a compound word, as in speed-o-meter''.
Glossing
When glossing, it is conventional to set off infixes with, rather than the hyphens used to set off prefixes and suffixes: Compare: which contains the suffix -ly added to the word original, which is itself formed by adding the suffix -al to the root origin.
