Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)


Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup HV derives from the haplogroup R0, which in turn descends from haplogroup R. HV is also the ancestral clade to the haplogroups H and V.

Distribution

Haplogroup HV is found mainly in Western Asia, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and North Africa.
In Africa, the clade peaks among Egyptians inhabiting El-Hayez oasis. with the HV0 subclade occurring among Mozabite Berbers, Libyans, Reguibate Sahrawi, Zenata Berbers, and Algerians.
A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0. Haplogroup HV has also been found among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods.
Haplogroup HV has been found in various fossils that were analysed for ancient DNA, including specimens associated with the Alföld Linear Pottery, Linearbandkeramik, and Germany Middle Neolithic cultures.

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven and Malyarchuk et al..
Defining mutation C/T at location 16298 in segment I one of the hypervariable segment is labeled as HV0 as of 2012. The percentage of people that tested positive for the above mutation in a study of western European populations in 2002 is given below.
Population#No% of population
Finland5012
Norway3234
Scotland8744
England2623
North Germany1406
South Germany2665
France2133
Galicia1355
North Portugal1847
Central Portugal1623
South Portugal1964
North Africa3495

In a study of Russian and Polish populations the percentage of people who tested positive for this mutation was five percent for both populations.
Population#NoPercentage
Polish4365
Russian2015

A study of Iraqis summarized a number of previous studies showing low levels of this mutation amongst Middle Eastern and Italian populations.
Population#No% of population
Iraqi2160.5
Syrian692.9
Georgian1390.7
Italian995.1

This mutation has been detected in ancient DNA obtained from one of nineteen human remains excavated on the island of Gotland, Sweden, dated to 2,800-2,000 BC and archaeologically classified as belonging to the Pitted Ware culture.