GM High Feature engine
The GM High Feature engine is a family of modern General Motors DOHC V6 engines. The series was introduced in 2004 with the Cadillac CTS and the Holden Commodore.
It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and Sequential multi-port fuel injection. Most versions feature continuously variable cam phasing on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and fillet rolled crankshaft, sinter forged connecting rods, a variable-length intake manifold, twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the Ecotec, including the Opel engineers responsible for the 54° V6, with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo plc.
Holden sells the HFV6 under the name Alloytec. The High Feature moniker on the Holden produced engine is reserved for the twin cam phasing high output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L. High Feature V6 engines were previously produced in Fishermans Bend, Port Melbourne, Australia and remain in production at the following four manufacturing locations: St. Catharines, Canada; Flint Engine South in Flint, Michigan, United States; Romulus Engine Plant in Romulus, MI and Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico. The assembly lines for the St. Catharines and Flint facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at their powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan. Most of the designs of this motor happened in Flint. They were first produced for the Cadillac range.
History
The HFV6 was first designed, tested and produced in a joint program by Cadillac and Holden. A majority of designs into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit. Holden had the job of developing smaller engines as well as their own Holden 3.6 HFV6 for local models.Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in US and Australia.
2.8
LP1
A LP1 variant was introduced in the 2005 Cadillac CTS. It was also used on the Chinese 2008 CTS. It has a bore and stroke, Sequential multi-port fuel injection and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. The LP1 was built in St. Catharines, Ontario.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2007–2009 | Buick Park Avenue | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2600 rpm |
2005–2007 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3300 rpm |
2008-2010 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6800 rpm | @ 3600 rpm |
2007–2009 | Cadillac SLS | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3300 rpm |
LP9
This engine is also known as a A28NET, Z28NET, Z28NEL or B284.The LP9 is a 2.8 L turbocharged version used for the Saab 9-3, Saab 9-5 and other GM vehicles. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally aspirated LP1, however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. The engine is manufactured at Holden's Fishermans Bend engine factory in Port Melbourne, Australia, while GM Powertrain Sweden is responsible for turbocharging the engine. Global versions of this engine use the same horsepower rating for both metric and imperial markets – mechanical horsepower – while the Europe-only versions are rated in metric horsepower.
Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2005-2008 | Opel Vectra / Vauxhall Vectra | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2005-2008 | Opel Signum | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2006–2008 | Opel Signum | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2005 | Opel Vectra OPC | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2006–2008 | Opel Vectra OPC | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2006–2009 | Cadillac BLS | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2006–2008 | Saab 9-3 Aero | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2009 | Saab 9-3 Aero | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2008 | Saab 9-3 Turbo X | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2008 | Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2009 | Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2009–2013 | Opel/Vauxhall Insignia | @ 5500 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2009–2013 | Opel/Vauxhall Insignia OPC/VXR | @ 5250 rpm | @ 1900-4500 rpm |
2010–2012 | Saab 9-5 Turbo6 XWD /Aero | @ 5500 rpm | @ 2000 rpm |
2010–2012 | Saab 9-5 Hirsch Performance | @ 5500 rpm | @ 2500 rpm |
LAU
The LAU is GM's new code for the LP9 Turbo engine, its usage starting with the 2010 Cadillac SRX. In 2011, production of the Cadillac SRX with the LAU engine ceased, but the engine remained in use in the Saab 9-4X until 2012, when production of that model came to an end.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2010-2011 | Cadillac SRX | at 5500 rpm | at 2000 rpm |
2011-2012 | Saab 9-4X | at 5500 rpm | at 2000 rpm |
3.0
LF1
The LF1 is a version with a bore and stroke of produced between 2010 and 2014 equipped with spark ignition direct injection and a 11.7:1 compression ratio.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2010 | Buick LaCrosse | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5600 rpm |
2010–2012 | Buick Park Avenue | @ 6700 rpm | @ 2900 rpm |
2010–2011 | Cadillac CTS | @ 7000 rpm | @ 5700 rpm |
2011–2013 | Cadillac SLS | @ 7000 rpm | @ 5600 rpm |
2010–2011 | Cadillac SRX | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2010 | Chevrolet Equinox | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2010 | GMC Terrain | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2010 | Holden Commodore | @ 6700 rpm | @ 2900 rpm |
2011 | Saab 9-4X | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2011 | Chevrolet Captiva | @ 6900 rpm | @ 5800 rpm |
2012 | Chevrolet Malibu | @ 6900 rpm | @ 5600 rpm |
LFW
The LFW is a flexible fuel version of the LF1, capable of running on E85, gasoline, or any mixture of the two. Output is identical to the LF1.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2011-2017 | Buick GL8 | @ 6800 rpm | @ 5200 rpm |
2011–2012 | Chevrolet Equinox | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2011–2012 | GMC Terrain | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2012–2013 | Cadillac CTS | @ 7000 rpm | @ 5700 rpm |
2012–2013 | Chevrolet Captiva Sport | @ 6950 rpm | @ 5100 rpm |
2010-2017 | Holden Commodore | @ 6800 rpm | @ 5200 rpm |
3.2
Holden has built its own version of the High Feature engine in Australia produced between 2005 and 2010 with a bore and stroke of. Branded with the Alloytec name like the 3.6 litre version, this version produces at 6600 rpm and at 3200 rpm. It has a 10.3:1 compression ratio. Its fuel economy is in city, and on highway.. Holden also produced the 3.2 L engines that were used by Alfa Romeo as the basis of its JTS V6 engine.Applications:
- 2006-2010 Daewoo Winstorm / Chevrolet Captiva / Holden Captiva
- 2006-2010 Opel Antara / Daewoo Winstorm MaXX / Holden Captiva MaXX
- Suzuki Grand Vitara
3.6
LY7
The LY7 engine was introduced in the 2004 Cadillac CTS sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio, a bore and a stroke of. Lower powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam. Selected models also include variable exhaust. The engine weighs as installed.This engine is produced in several locations: St. Catharines, Flint Engine South, Melbourne, Ramos Arizpe, and Sagara by Suzuki.
Suzuki's engine designation is N36A.
A dual fuel version able to run on petrol and autogas has also been produced by Holden in Australia.
Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque |
2004–2007 | Buick Rendezvous CXL/Ultra | @ 6000 rpm | @ 3500 rpm |
2004–2007 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6200 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
2008–2009 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6200 rpm | @ 3100 rpm |
2004–2009 | Cadillac SRX | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
2004–2005 | Holden VZ Commodore | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
2006–2007 | Holden VZ Commodore | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
2004–2006 | Holden VZ Commodore Holden WL Statesman Holden VZ Calais SV6 | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2006–2007 | Holden VZ Commodore Holden WL Statesman Holden VZ Calais SV6 | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2005–2008 | Buick LaCrosse CXS | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2000 rpm |
2005–2007 | Cadillac STS | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2006–2007 | Holden VE Commodore Omega | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2600 rpm |
2008–2009 | Holden VE Commodore Omega | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2400 rpm |
2006–2009 | Holden WM Statesman/Caprice | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2600 rpm |
2007–2009 | Buick Park Avenue | @ 6600 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
2007–2009 | Cadillac SLS | @ 6500 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2006–2011 | Holden Rodeo/Colorado | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2600 rpm |
2007–2008 | GMC Acadia | @ 6600 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2007 | Pontiac G6 GTP | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2007–2009 | Saturn Aura XR | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2007–2008 | Saturn Outlook XE single exhaust | @ 6600 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2007–2008 | Saturn Outlook XR dual exhaust | @ 6600 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2008 | Buick Enclave | @ 6600 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2008–2012 | Chevrolet Malibu | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2008–2009 | Chevrolet Equinox Sport | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2300 rpm |
2008–2009 | Pontiac G6 GXP | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3200 rpm |
2008–2009 | Pontiac G8 | @ 6300 rpm | @ 2100 rpm |
2008–2009 | Pontiac Torrent GXP | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2300 rpm |
2008–2009 | Saturn Vue XR / Red Line | @ 6500 rpm | @ 2100 rpm |
2007-2009 | Suzuki XL7 | at 6500 rpm | at 2300 rpm |
LLT
The LLT is a direct injected version based on the earlier LY7 engine. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and the DI version was claimed to have 15 percent greater power, 8 percent greater torque, and 3 percent better fuel economy than its port-injected counterpart. The LLT engine has a compression ratio of 11.3:1, and has been certified by the SAE to produce at 6300 rpm and of torque at 5200 rpm on regular unleaded gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 Cadillac STS and CTS. GM used a LLT in all 2009 Lambda-derived crossover SUVs to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards. In the Lambdas, LLT engine produces and of torque.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2008–2011 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6400 rpm | @ 5200 rpm | |
2008–2011 | Cadillac STS | @ 6300 rpm | @ 5200 rpm | |
2009–2017 | Buick Enclave | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3400 rpm | |
2009–2017 | Chevrolet Traverse single exhaust | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3400 rpm | |
2009–2017 | Chevrolet Traverse dual exhaust | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3400 rpm | |
2009–2016 | GMC Acadia | |||
2009 | Saturn Outlook single exhaust | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3400 rpm | |
2009 | Saturn Outlook dual exhaust | @ 6300 rpm | @ 3400 rpm | |
2009–2011 | Daewoo Veritas | |||
2009–2011 | Holden VE Commodore SV6 | @ 6400 rpm | @ 2900 rpm | |
2009–2011 | Holden WM Statesman/Caprice | @ 6400 rpm | @ 2900 rpm | |
2010–2011 | Buick LaCrosse CXS | @ 6400 rpm | @ 5200 rpm | |
2010-2011 | Chevrolet Camaro | @ 6400 rpm | @ 5200 rpm | |
2010–2011 | Cadillac SLS | @ 6400 rpm | @ 5200 rpm |
LFX
The LFX is an enhanced version of the LLT engine. Introduced in the MY2012 Chevrolet Camaro LS, it is lighter than the LLT, due to a redesigned cylinder head and integrated exhaust manifold, and composite intake manifold. Other components like the fuel injectors, intake valves, and fuel pump have also been updated. Power and torque are up slightly from the LLT. The compression ratio is 11.5:1. The LFX also features E85 flex-fuel capability.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2012–2016 | Buick LaCrosse | @ 6800 rpm | @ 5300 rpm | |
2013–2015 | Cadillac ATS | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4800 rpm | |
2012–2014 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4900 rpm | |
2014–2015 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4900 rpm | |
2012–2016 | Cadillac SRX | @ 6800 rpm | @ 2400 rpm | |
2013–2019 | Cadillac XTS | @ 6800 rpm | @ 5200 rpm | |
2012–2015 | Chevrolet Camaro | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4800 rpm | |
2012–2017 | Chevrolet Caprice PPV | @ 6700 rpm | @ 4800 rpm | |
2015–2016 | Chevrolet Colorado | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4000 rpm | |
2015–2016 | GMC Canyon | @ 6800 rpm | @ 4000 rpm | |
2013–2017 | Chevrolet Equinox | @ 6500 rpm | @ 4800 rpm | |
2012–2013 | Chevrolet Impala | @ 6500 rpm | @ 5300 rpm | |
2014–present | Chevrolet Impala | @ 6500 rpm | @ 5300 rpm | |
2013–2017 | GMC Terrain | @ 6500 rpm | @ 4800 rpm | |
2011–2015 | Holden Caprice | @ 6700 rpm | @ 2800 rpm | |
2011–2013 | Holden Commodore VE II | @ 6700 rpm | @ 2800 rpm | |
2013–2017 | Holden Commodore VF | @ 6700 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
LWR
The LWR is dedicated LPG 3.6-liter engine. Introduced in the MY2012 Holden Commodore, Based on the 3.6-litre LY7 engine, the LWR had a vapour injection system. The vapour injection system injected gas directly into the air intake runner, thereby preventing excess gas from circulating through the air intake system. Although liquid LPG injection generally produces more power, Holden justified vapour injection on the grounds of lower fuel consumption, lower emissions, reduced pumping and parasitic losses, and start-up reliability in hot weather.The dedicated LPG LWR engine produced peak power and torque of at 6000 rpm and at 2000 rpm. The LWR engine was engine was mated to GM's six-speed 6L45 automatic transmission and, over the combined ADR 81/02 test cycle, the Commodore Omega achieved fuel consumption of – an improvement of compared to its dual fuel LW2 predecessor. Furthermore, the LWR engine exceeded Euro 6 emissions standards.
- Specially hardened valves and valve seats.
- A redesigned cylinder head and manifold for improved air flow.
- Variable exhaust valve timing
- Specially-developed fuel injectors.
- New pistons with pentroof-style centre-domes and valve eyelets for a higher compression ratio of 12.2:1.
- A new fuel rail and a new LPG fuel filter.
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2012–2013 | Holden Commodore VE II | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2000 rpm | |
2013–2015 | Holden Commodore VF | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2000 rpm | |
2012–2015 | Holden Caprice | @ 6000 rpm | @ 2000 rpm |
LCS
The LCS is derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in hybrids, using the two-mode system. Differences from the LLT include a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks. It was to debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it would make at 6100 rpm and of torque at 4800 rpm.Fuel economy in city, on highway
Applications:
- 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid
LF3
The engine is rated at of power at 5750 rpm and of torque at 3500-4500 rpm and helps the CTS achieve 0 to 60 mph| time of 4.6 seconds with an 8-speed automatic transmission.
In essence, the twin-turbo 3.6L V6 is the forced-induction variant of the popular LFX V6 found in the Cadillac ATS, XTS, and SRX, among many other GM models, with several important upgrades, including:
- All-new cylinder block casting
- All-new cylinder head castings
- Strengthened connecting rods
- Forged steel crankshaft
- Continuously variable valve timing
- Large intake valves and sodium-filled exhaust valves
- Machined, domed aluminum pistons with top steel ring carrier for greater strength
- 10.2:1 compression ratio
- Patented, integrated charge air cooler system with low-volume air ducts
- Twin-turbochargers produce more than
- Vacuum-actuated wastegates with electronic control valves
- All-new direct injection fuel system
- Tuned air inlet and outlet resonators, aluminum cam covers and other features that contribute to exceptional quietness and smoothness
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2014–2019 | Cadillac XTS | @ 6000 rpm | @ 1900-5600 rpm | |
2014–2019 | Cadillac CTS | @ 5750 rpm | @ 3500-4500 rpm |
LF4
The LF4 is a higher-performance variant of the LF3 for use in the Cadillac ATS-V. Changes to the LF3 include:- Turbochargers with low-inertia titanium-aluminide turbines and vacuum-actuated wastegates for more responsive torque production
- Compressors matched for peak efficiency at peak power levels, for optimal track performance
- Patent-pending low-volume charge-cooling system that optimizes packaging efficiency and maximizes boost pressure
- Lightweight titanium connecting rods that reduce inertia of the rotating assembly, complementing the quick-spooling turbochargers
- Peak boost increased to, from
- Higher-flow fuel injectors
- Oil pan baffling for better oil flow at high cornering speeds
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2016–2019 | Cadillac ATS-V, Cadillac ATS-V Coupe | @ 5850 RPM | @ 3500 RPM |
LFR
The LFR is a bi-fuel variant of the LFX, although multi-point fuel injection is used for both the gasoline and CNG instead of direct-injection.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2015–2017 | Chevrolet Impala Bi-Fuel | CNG @ 6000 RPM | CNG @ 5200 RPM | |
2015–2017 | Chevrolet Impala Bi-Fuel | Gasoline @ 5900 RPM | Gasoline @ 4800 RPM |
LFY
The LFY is similar to the LFX, but adds stop-start technology and has improved airflow.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2018– | Buick Enclave | @ 6800 rpm | @ 2800 rpm | |
2018– | Chevrolet Traverse | @ 6800 rpm | @ 2800 rpm |
Fourth generation
Starting with 2016 Cadillac models a new generation of High Feature V6s were developed. These new engines have redesigned block architectures with bore centers increased from on prior HFV6 engines to and a redesigned cooling system to target the hottest areas while also facilitating faster warm-up. They also incorporate engine start-stop technology, cylinder-deactivation, 2-stage oil pumps, and updated variable valve timing featuring intermediate park technology for late-intake valve closure. Both engines debuted in the 2016 Cadillac CT6.3.0 L
LGW
Bore and stroke of are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2016–2019 | Cadillac CT6 | @ 5700 RPM | @ 2500-5100 RPM |
LGY
Bore and stroke of are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2020-present | Cadillac CT5 | @ 5600 RPM | @ 2400-4400 RPM | |
2020-present | Cadillac CT5 | V: @ 5600 RPM | V: @ 2400-4400 RPM |
3.6 L
LGX
Along with the increased bore spacing, the new 3.6 L DI V6 has larger bores than before, growing from to with the same stroke as the 3.0L LGW, for a displacement of. Intake and exhaust valves are also increased in size along with other changes to the cylinder head. Compression ratio is 11.5:1 and maximum engine speed is 7200 RPM.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2016–2019 | Cadillac ATS | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5300 RPM | |
2016–2019 | Cadillac CT6 | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5300 RPM | |
2016–2019 | Cadillac CTS | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5300 RPM | |
2016–present | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5300 RPM | ||
2017–present | Buick Lacrosse | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5200 RPM | |
2018–present | Buick Regal GS | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5200 RPM | |
2018–present | Holden Commodore | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5200 RPM | |
2017–present | Cadillac XT5 | @ 6600 RPM | @ 5000 RPM | |
2017–present | GMC Acadia | @ 6600 RPM | @ 5000 RPM | |
2018–present | Holden Commodore | @ 6800 RPM | @ 5200 RPM | |
2019–present | Chevrolet Blazer | @ 6600 RPM | @ 5000 RPM | |
2020–present | Cadillac XT6 | @ 6600 RPM | @ 5000 RPM |
LGZ
The LGZ is a variant of the LGX designed for pickup truck use.Applications:
Year | Model | Power | Torque | Dyno chart |
2017–present | GMC Canyon | @ 6800 RPM | @ 4000 RPM | |
2017–present | Chevrolet Colorado | @ 6800 RPM | @ 4000 RPM |
V12
On March 21, 2007 AutoWeek reported that GM was planning to develop a 60-degree V12 based on this engine family to power the top version of Cadillac's upcoming flagship sedan. This Cadillac would essentially have had two 3.6 L High Feature V6s attached crankshaft-to-crankshaft and would have featured high-end technologies including direct injection and cylinder deactivation. If this engine would have been developed, it would have displaced 7.2 liters, and produced approximately and of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden.In August, 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been cancelled.