Final form


In certain languages, the final form is a special character used to represent a letter only when it occurs at the end of a word.
Some languages that use final form characters are: Arabic, Hebrew, Manchu and one letter in Greek.
The lowercase Latin letter "s" had separate medial and final in the orthographies of many European languages from the medieval period to the early 19th century; it survived in the German Fraktur script until the 1940s.

Hebrew

In the Hebrew alphabet the final form is called sofit.
Letter nameNon-finalFinal
Mem
Nun
Tsadi
Pe
Kaf

This set of letters is known acronymically as.
The now final forms predate their non-final counterparts; They were the default forms used in any position within a word. Their descender eventually bent forwards when preceding another letter to facilitate writing. A final form of these letters is also called pshuta.
The letter Mem also had a descender, however, its current final form was a variant of used interchangeably in all positions. The standardization is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud. One instance of a medial is preserved in Isaiah 9:6 of the Hebrew Bible, while Nehemiah 2:13 and arguably Genesis 49:19-20 have a final.
Modern Hebrew uses the forms finally, when transcribing a plosive pronunciation, for example , .