The name derives from Old EnglishĒa-tūn, meaning "River-Town", a reference to Eton's proximity to the River Thames.
History
The land that is now Eton once belonged to the manor of Queen Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor. The land was appropriated by the Normans after 1066. The main road between Windsor and London went through the area and a hamlet sprang up amid pasture meadows to maintain the road and the bridge. In 1440, Henry VI chose Eton as the location for his new college, Eton College. Workmen were moved into Eton to build the college. All of the land immediately around the hamlet was granted to the college, which stopped further growth. The new college chapel made the village a pilgrimage point, and inns were set up along the high street. Henry VI gave the college the right to hold fairs on its grounds. During the English Civil War, after Windsor Castle was captured by parliamentarian forces, the Royalist army moved into Eton and attempted to retake the town, occupying the college. Efforts to retake Windsor were unsuccessful and the royalists eventually fled. The population was 3,526 by 1841. The college sometimes leased small plots of land to the village as an act of charity, leading to the construction of houses near the bridge. Scholars at the college also used to collect "salt" from the inns of Eton High Street. This practice continued until 1845 when a scholar refused to associate with the inns because they were a "temptation" to Eton students. Eton was favourably modernised and was the first village in the UK to have its own post office and modern drainage system. By 1925 the town was described as more commercial than residential, with most of the buildings belonging to businesses serving the schoolboys. In about 1970, the bridge connecting Eton to Windsor was closed to all motor traffic, but continues to be used by pedestrians.
Notable people
In birth order:
William Oughtred, mathematician and cleric
Edmund Bristow, artist, was born in Eton and lived his whole life in the Windsor area
Charles Duke Yonge, an English historian, classicist and cricketer
At the parish level, the town is represented by seven councillors in the Eton Town Council, a body which also includes seven councillors representing Eton Wick. At the district level, the town is part of the Eton and Castleelectoral ward of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, and is currently represented by one councillor. Nationally, since 1997 the ward has formed part of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Windsor and is currently represented by Adam Afriyie of the Conservative Party. Between 1983 and 1997, the town was part of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Windsor and Maidenhead, which was continuously held by the Conservative Party during this period. Before 1983, the town was within the boundaries of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Eton and Slough. This was held by the Labour Party from its creation in 1945 to its redistribution in 1983, except between 1964 and 1966 when it was held by a Conservative.
Transport
Bus
Eton is served by two bus companies. Courtney Buses operates Monday to Saturday buses on the Slough – Eton – Eton Wick - Taplow - Maidenhead route. Redline Buses operates the Slough – Eton – Eton Wick – Dorney – Maidenhead route on Tuesdays and Fridays.
