Empress of Northern Zhou
Northern Zhou had nine empresses in its history, five of whom were the wives of emperors:
- Yuan Humo, the wife of Emperor Xiaomin.
- Empress Dugu, the wife of Emperor Ming.
- Empress Ashina, the wife of Emperor Wu.
- Yang Lihua, the wife of Emperor Xuan.
- Sima Lingji, the wife of Emperor Jing.
Further, Emperor Xuan, after he had become retired emperor, created four of his concubines empresses as well, in contravention to the convention of having only the emperor's wife being empress:
- Chen Yueyi
- Yuchi Chifan
- Yuan Leshang
- Zhu Manyue
