Demographics of Tajikistan
The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demographic features of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
Demographic trends
's main ethnic group are the Tajiks, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.
Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.
Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.Ethnic groups
- Tajik 84.3%
- Uzbek 13.8%
- Other 2%
Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.
Languages
Several dialects of Persian are spoken in Tajikistan and it is its official language. Russian is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar. In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.Religion
- Sunni Islam 95%
- Shia Islam 3%
- Other 2%
Population
According to Worldmeters
Age structure
0–14 years: 34.3%15–64 years: 62.1%
65 years and over: 3.6%
Population growth rate
1.88%2.21%
Net migration rate
-1.28 migrant/1,000 populationSex ratio
at birth:1.05 male/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male/female
15–64 years:
0.98 male/female
65 years and over:
0.74 male/female
total population:
0.99 male/female
Life expectancy at birth
total population:65.33 years
male:
62.29 years
female:
68.52 years
Education
Education is required through high school but completion rate is under 90%;Literacy
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
99.5%
male:
99.7%
female:
99.2%
Vital statistics
UN estimateshttp://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
Births and deaths| Average population | Live births in thousands | Deaths in thousands | Natural change | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Natural change | TFR | |
| 1950 | 1,531,700 | 46,571 | 12,543 | 34,028 | 30.4 | 8.2 | 22.2 | - |
| 1951 | 1,586,800 | 48,407 | 12,384 | 36,023 | 30.5 | 7.8 | 22.7 | - |
| 1952 | 1,642,500 | 54,931 | 12,562 | 42,369 | 33.4 | 7.6 | 25.8 | - |
| 1953 | 1,685,800 | 54,697 | 14,530 | 40,167 | 32.4 | 8.6 | 23.8 | - |
| 1954 | 1,731,700 | 56,946 | 13,045 | 43,901 | 32.9 | 7.5 | 25.4 | - |
| 1955 | 1,782,800 | 60,335 | 15,812 | 44,523 | 33.8 | 8.9 | 25.0 | - |
| 1956 | 1,838,400 | 62,960 | 10,894 | 52,066 | 34.2 | 5.9 | 28.3 | - |
| 1957 | 1,900,400 | 62,966 | 10,838 | 52,128 | 33.1 | 5.7 | 27.4 | - |
| 1958 | 1,955,000 | 56,826 | 11,548 | 45,278 | 29.1 | 5.9 | 23.2 | - |
| 1959 | 2,011,400 | 60,978 | 11,024 | 49,954 | 30.3 | 5.5 | 24.8 | - |
| 1960 | 2,082,500 | 69,715 | 10,670 | 59,045 | 33.5 | 5.1 | 28.4 | - |
| 1961 | 2,165,900 | 73,653 | 11,035 | 62,618 | 34.0 | 5.1 | 28.9 | - |
| 1962 | 2,255,900 | 75,909 | 13,001 | 62,908 | 33.6 | 5.8 | 27.8 | - |
| 1963 | 2,341,800 | 80,733 | 13,042 | 67,691 | 34.5 | 5.6 | 28.9 | - |
| 1964 | 2,426,100 | 84,300 | 13,132 | 71,168 | 34.7 | 5.4 | 29.3 | - |
| 1965 | 2,512,400 | 92,448 | 16,474 | 75,974 | 36.8 | 6.6 | 30.2 | - |
| 1966 | 2,594,200 | 91,825 | 15,491 | 76,334 | 35.4 | 6.0 | 29.4 | - |
| 1967 | 2,673,800 | 93,988 | 17,546 | 76,442 | 35.2 | 6.6 | 28.6 | - |
| 1968 | 2,761,000 | 101,462 | 16,577 | 84,885 | 36.7 | 6.0 | 30.7 | - |
| 1969 | 2,851,500 | 98,831 | 17,390 | 81,441 | 34.7 | 6.1 | 28.6 | - |
| 1970 | 2,942,100 | 102,201 | 18,686 | 83,515 | 34.8 | 6.4 | 28.4 | - |
| 1971 | 3,044,400 | 111,839 | 17,173 | 94,666 | 36.8 | 5.7 | 31.1 | - |
| 1972 | 3,148,200 | 111,069 | 19,895 | 91,174 | 35.3 | 6.3 | 29.0 | - |
| 1973 | 3,244,400 | 115,157 | 23,343 | 91,814 | 35.5 | 7.2 | 28.3 | - |
| 1974 | 3,344,800 | 123,338 | 24,923 | 98,415 | 36.9 | 7.5 | 29.4 | - |
| 1975 | 3,446,600 | 127,464 | 27,965 | 99,499 | 37.0 | 8.1 | 28.9 | - |
| 1976 | 3,549,300 | 135,243 | 30,101 | 105,142 | 38.2 | 8.5 | 29.7 | - |
| 1977 | 3,652,900 | 132,875 | 32,110 | 100,765 | 36.4 | 8.8 | 27.6 | - |
| 1978 | 3,752,700 | 140,622 | 31,048 | 109,574 | 37.5 | 8.3 | 29.2 | - |
| 1979 | 3,852,200 | 145,431 | 29,822 | 115,609 | 37.8 | 7.7 | 30.1 | - |
| 1980 | 3,954,500 | 146,422 | 31,830 | 114,592 | 37.0 | 8.0 | 29.0 | - |
| 1981 | 4,060,400 | 155,508 | 31,637 | 123,871 | 38.3 | 7.8 | 30.5 | - |
| 1982 | 4,173,200 | 159,571 | 32,053 | 127,518 | 38.2 | 7.7 | 30.5 | - |
| 1983 | 4,293,100 | 164,710 | 32,553 | 132,157 | 38.3 | 7.6 | 30.7 | - |
| 1984 | 4,419,900 | 176,197 | 32,872 | 143,325 | 39.8 | 7.4 | 32.4 | - |
| 1985 | 4,558,100 | 182,716 | 32,014 | 150,702 | 40.0 | 7.0 | 33.0 | - |
| 1986 | 4,707,900 | 198,647 | 31,993 | 166,654 | 42.1 | 6.8 | 35.3 | - |
| 1987 | 4,861,600 | 204,450 | 33,543 | 170,907 | 41.9 | 6.9 | 35.0 | - |
| 1988 | 5,013,000 | 201,864 | 35,334 | 166,530 | 40.2 | 7.0 | 33.2 | - |
| 1989 | 5,165,900 | 200,430 | 33,395 | 167,035 | 38.7 | 6.5 | 32.3 | - |
| 1990 | 5,302,400 | 205,813 | 33,020 | 172,793 | 38.8 | 6.2 | 32.6 | - |
| 1991 | 5,433,300 | 212,598 | 33,067 | 179,531 | 39.1 | 6.1 | 33.0 | - |
| 1992 | 5,536,400 | 179,534 | 36,718 | 142,816 | 32.4 | 6.6 | 25.8 | - |
| 1993 | 5,573,400 | 186,504 | 49,326 | 137,178 | 33.5 | 8.9 | 24.6 | - |
| 1994 | 5,606,800 | 191,596 | 39,943 | 151,653 | 34.2 | 7.1 | 27.0 | - |
| 1995 | 5,667,700 | 193,182 | 34,274 | 158,908 | 34.1 | 6.0 | 28.0 | - |
| 1996 | 5,735,300 | 172,341 | 31,792 | 140,549 | 30.0 | 5.5 | 24.5 | - |
| 1997 | 5,822,500 | 178,127 | 28,710 | 149,417 | 30.6 | 4.9 | 25.7 | - |
| 1998 | 5,938,600 | 185,733 | 27,397 | 158,336 | 31.3 | 4.6 | 26.7 | - |
| 1999 | 6,064,100 | 180,888 | 25,495 | 155,393 | 29.8 | 4.2 | 25.6 | - |
| 2000 | 6,196,500 | 167,246 | 29,387 | 137,859 | 27.0 | 4.7 | 22.3 | 3.49 |
| 2001 | 6,317,900 | 171,623 | 32,015 | 139,608 | 27.2 | 5.1 | 22.1 | 3.49 |
| 2002 | 6,429,200 | 175,599 | 31,142 | 144,457 | 27.3 | 4.8 | 22.4 | 3.47 |
| 2003 | 6,543,000 | 177,938 | 33,185 | 144,753 | 27.1 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 3.42 |
| 2004 | 6,658,900 | 179,563 | 29,741 | 149,822 | 26.8 | 4.4 | 22.3 | 3.35 |
| 2005 | 6,780,600 | 180,790 | 31,520 | 149,270 | 26.4 | 4.6 | 21.8 | 3.27 |
| 2006 | 6,903,900 | 186,463 | 31,990 | 154,473 | 26.7 | 4.6 | 22.1 | 3.27 |
| 2007 | 7,031,200 | 200,010 | 33,686 | 166,324 | 28.1 | 4.7 | 23.3 | - |
| 2008 | 7,173,800 | 203,332 | 31,996 | 171,336 | 27.9 | 4.4 | 23.5 | - |
| 2009 | 7,334,100 | 199,826 | 32,332 | 167,504 | 26.8 | 4.3 | 22.5 | - |
| 2010 | 7,519,300 | 239,805 | 33,343 | 206,462 | 31.7 | 4.4 | 27.3 | 3.58 |
| 2011 | 7,714,200 | 224,178 | 33,855 | 190,323 | 29.1 | 4.4 | 24.7 | - |
| 2012 | 7,897,300 | 219,281 | 33,972 | 185,309 | 27.8 | 4.3 | 23.5 | 3.80 |
| 2013 | 8,074,300 | 209,417 | 31,706 | 177,711 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 22.0 | - |
| 2014 | 8,246,000 | 229,460 | 32,879 | 196,581 | 27.8 | 4.0 | 23.8 | - |
| 2015 | 8,551,200 | 237,500 | 33,500 | 204,000 | 28.1 | 4.0 | 24.1 | |
| 2016 | 8,742,800 | 229,998 | 34,102 | 195,896 | 26.6 | 3.9 | 22.7 | |
| 2017 | 8,931,200 | 224,100 | 32,000 | 192,000 | 25.4 | 3.6 | 21.7 | 3.80 |
| 2018 | 9,121,600 | 231,000 | 32,700 | 198,300 | 25.6 | 3.6 | 22.0 | 3.80 |
Life Expectancy
Fertility rate
Fertility Rate and CBR :| Year | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR |
| 2012 | 33.9 | 3.8 | 28.9 | 3.3 | 35.6 | 3.9 |
| 2017 | 33.4 | 3.8 | 25.6 | 3.0 | 36.1 | 4.0 |
Population pyramids
Estimates :| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 3 987 517 | 3 909 796 | 7 897 313 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 555 543 | 522 110 | 1 077 653 | 13.65 |
| 5-9 | 437 711 | 414 701 | 852 412 | 10.79 |
| 10-14 | 440 884 | 419 105 | 859 989 | 10.89 |
| 15-19 | 436 357 | 420 499 | 856 856 | 10.85 |
| 20-24 | 429 738 | 424 831 | 854 569 | 10.82 |
| 25-29 | 363 432 | 358 886 | 722 318 | 9.15 |
| 30-34 | 271 966 | 265 850 | 537 816 | 6.81 |
| 35-39 | 225 366 | 227 780 | 453 146 | 5.74 |
| 40-44 | 202 816 | 208 317 | 411 132 | 5.21 |
| 45-49 | 181 790 | 189 145 | 370 934 | 4.70 |
| 50-54 | 156 158 | 160 512 | 316 669 | 4.01 |
| 55-59 | 100 176 | 104 798 | 204 974 | 2.60 |
| 60-64 | 64 192 | 67 836 | 132 028 | 1.67 |
| 65-69 | 36 014 | 33 300 | 69 314 | 0.88 |
| 70-74 | 38 813 | 38 360 | 77 172 | 0.98 |
| 75-79 | 24 913 | 28 119 | 53 032 | 0.67 |
| 80-84 | 14 691 | 16 110 | 30 801 | 0.39 |
| 85-89 | 5 432 | 6 682 | 12 114 | 0.15 |
| 90-94 | 1 211 | 2 114 | 3 324 | 0.04 |
| 95-99 | 268 | 491 | 758 | 0.01 |
| 100+ | 52 | 257 | 309 | <0.01 |
Estimates :
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 4 078 857 | 3 995 409 | 8 074 266 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 564 736 | 528 451 | 1 093 187 | 13.54 |
| 5-9 | 453 224 | 428 754 | 881 978 | 10.92 |
| 10-14 | 437 293 | 415 432 | 852 725 | 10.56 |
| 15-19 | 440 389 | 422 520 | 862 909 | 10.69 |
| 20-24 | 428 230 | 422 055 | 850 284 | 10.53 |
| 25-29 | 382 376 | 379 040 | 761 416 | 9.43 |
| 30-34 | 286 675 | 279 681 | 566 356 | 7.01 |
| 35-39 | 230 478 | 231 505 | 461 983 | 5.72 |
| 40-44 | 206 328 | 211 812 | 418 139 | 5.18 |
| 45-49 | 184 234 | 191 988 | 376 222 | 4.66 |
| 50-54 | 163 910 | 168 577 | 332 487 | 4.12 |
| 55-59 | 108 532 | 113 347 | 221 879 | 2.75 |
| 60-64 | 69 788 | 74 346 | 144 133 | 1.79 |
| 65-69 | 37 799 | 36 790 | 74 589 | 0.92 |
| 70-74 | 37 495 | 36 388 | 73 883 | 0.92 |
| 75-79 | 25 173 | 28 084 | 53 256 | 0.66 |
| 80-84 | 14 482 | 16 838 | 31 319 | 0.39 |
| 85-89 | 6 091 | 7 046 | 13 136 | 0.16 |
| 90-94 | 1 301 | 2 108 | 3 408 | 0.04 |
| 95-99 | 262 | 434 | 696 | 0.01 |
| 100+ | 69 | 218 | 287 | <0.01 |
Birth rate
There were slightly over 224 thousand births in Tajikistan in 2017, down from 230 thousand in 2016. Most births occurred in Khatlon Region, followed by Sughd Region and the Districts of Republican Subordination. The least number of births is recorded in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in eastern Tajikistan, with around 5,700 births. Dushanbe city recorded approximately 15,500 births in 2017.The crude birth rate for Tajikistan was 25.4‰ in 2017, down from 28.1‰ two years earlier. Khatlon Region has the highest birth rate in 2017, while the city of Dushanbe has the lowest birth rate with 18.8‰.