Demographics of Malta


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Malta, including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Characteristics

is the most densely populated country in the EU and one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with about 1,265 inhabitants per square kilometre. This compares with about 32 per square kilometre for the United States. A census was held in November 2005.
Inhabited since prehistoric times, Malta was first colonized by Sicilians. Subsequently, Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs in 870 CE who may have completely depopulated the islands but in 1224 were themselves expelled from Malta, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, French and the British have influenced Maltese life and culture to varying degrees.
Roman Catholicism is established by law as the religion of Malta with 98%; however, full liberty of conscience and freedom of worship is guaranteed, and a number of faiths have places of worship on the island.
Malta has two official languages--Maltese, and English. Both languages are compulsory subjects in Maltese primary and secondary schools. A large portion of the population is also fluent in Italian, which was, until 1936, the national language of Malta. The literacy rate has reached 93%, compared to 63% in 1946. Schooling is compulsory until age 16.

Age distribution

Since 2000, the shift in the age composition towards an older population continued to materialise. In fact, the average age of the Maltese population increased from 38.5 in 2005 to 40.5 in 2011. This resulted from the increase in the number of persons aged 55 and over, together with a decrease in the number of persons under 25 years of age. The average in Gozo and Comino was higher than that observed for Malta.
Persons aged 65 and over more represent 16.3% of the total population in 2011, compared to 13.7% in 2005. In contrast, persons aged 14 and under make up 14.8% of the population in 2011, compared to 17.2% in 2005.

Migrant background and foreign nationality

Foreign nationals in Malta
As of 2016 and 2017, the numbers of selected groups of resident foreign nationals in Malta were as follows:
This list does not include foreign nationals who acquired Maltese nationality and foreign nationals without resident status.
RankNationalityPopulation Population
Total30,000+
EU nationals22,000+
1 Italy5,180
2 United Kingdom3,985
3 Libya3,622
4 Serbia2,757
5 Philippines2,407
6 Bulgaria2,044
7 Russia2,027
8 Somalia1,845
9 Hungary1,308
10 Syria1,289
11 Romania1,262
12 Spain1,119
13 China1,090
14 Sweden1,085
15 Eritrea1,057
16 Germany991
17 Ukraine896
18 France879
19 India819
20 Poland719
21 Netherlands466
22 Greece379
23 Slovakia338
24 Austria332
25 Finland321
26 Portugal297
27 Czech Republic296
28 Ireland281
29 Latvia276
30 Lithuania213
31 Denmark204
32 Belgium188
33 Estonia120
34 Slovenia106
35 Croatia100
Other EU nationals200+
Other non-EU nationals400+

Emigration

Malta has long been a country of emigration, with big Maltese communities in English-speaking countries abroad.
Mass emigration picked up in the 19th century, reaching its peak in the decades after World War II.
In the nineteenth century, most migration from Malta was to North Africa and the Middle East, although rates of return migration to Malta were high. Nonetheless, Maltese communities formed in these regions. By 1900, for example, British consular estimates suggest that there were 15,326 Maltese in Tunisia.
There is little trace left of the Maltese communities in North Africa, most of them having been displaced, after the rise of independence movements, to places like Marseille, the United Kingdom or Australia.
After World War II, Malta's Emigration Department would assist emigrants with the cost of their travel. Between 1948 and 1967, 30 per cent of the population emigrated. Between 1946 and the late 1970s, over 140,000 people left Malta on the assisted passage scheme, with 57.6 per cent migrating to Australia, 22 per cent to the UK, 13 per cent to Canada and 7 per cent to the United States.
46,998 Maltese-born residents were recorded by the 2001 Australian Census, 30,178 by the 2001 UK Census, 9,525 by the 2001 Canadian Census and 9,080 by the 2000 United States Census.
Emigration dropped dramatically after the mid-1970s and has since ceased to be a social phenomenon of significance. However, since Malta joined the EU in 2004 expatriate communities emerged in a number of European countries particularly in Belgium and Luxembourg. At the same time, Malta is becoming more and more attractive for communities of immigrants, both from Western and Northern Europe and from Eastern Europe.

Immigration

Most of the foreign community in Malta, predominantly active or retired British nationals and their dependents, is centred on Sliema and surrounding modern suburbs. Other smaller foreign groups include Italians, French, and Lebanese, many of whom have assimilated into the Maltese nation over the decades.
Since the late 20th century, Malta has become a transit country for migration routes from Africa towards Europe.
As a member of the European Union and of the Schengen agreement, Malta is bound by the Dublin Regulation to process all claims for asylum by those asylum seekers that enter EU territory for the first time in Malta.
Irregular migrants who land in Malta are subject to a compulsory detention policy, being held in several camps organised by the Armed Forces of Malta, including those near Ħal Far and Ħal Safi. The compulsory detention policy has been denounced by several NGOs, and in July 2010, the European Court of Human Rights found that Malta's detention of migrants was arbitrary, lacking in adequate procedures to challenge detention, and in breach of its obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights.
Very few migrants arrived in Malta in 2015, despite the fact that the rest Europe is experiencing a migrant crisis. Most migrants who were rescued between Libya and Malta were taken to Italy, and some refused to be brought to Malta.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Largest cities:
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
79.01 years
male:
76.83 years
female:
81.31 years
Total fertility rate:
1.42 children born/woman
State religion:
Roman Catholic Church in Malta 88.6%
Languages:
Maltese, English, Italian

Vital statistics

Statistics from United Nations and National Statistics Office Malta
Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate Crude death rate Natural change Fertility rate
1932246,0008,0005,1502,85032.520.911.6-
1933250,0008,3005,1003,20033.220.412.8-
1934254,0008,5445,7022,84233.622.411.2-
1935256,0008,7016,0182,68334.023.510.5-
1936259,0008,8754,6174,25834.317.816.4-
1937263,0008,8795,3043,57533.820.213.6-
1938267,0008,7045,3993,30532.620.212.4-
1939269,0008,9305,3853,54533.220.013.2-
1940270,0008,8086,1442,66432.622.89.9-
1941271,0007,3526,44490827.123.83.4-
1942270,0006,7688,603-1,83525.131.9-6.8-
1943271,0008,4525,5782,87431.220.610.6-
1944276,00010,9633,7007,26339.713.426.3-
1945283,00010,9984,0166,98238.914.224.7-
1946291,00011,3044,0507,25438.813.924.9-
1947300,00011,6123,8387,77438.712.825.9-
1948306,00011,0293,7377,29236.012.223.8-
1949311,00010,5903,3267,26434.110.723.4-
1950312,00010,2813,2247,05733.010.322.6-
1951313,0009,5113,4766,03530.411.119.3-
1952317,0009,2263,3655,86129.110.618.5-
1953317,0008,9772,8486,12928.39.019.3-
1954320,0008,9913,0715,92028.19.618.5-
1955314,0008,5602,6835,87727.38.518.7-
1956314,0008,4182,9185,50026.89.317.5-
1957319,0008,7942,9555,83927.69.318.3-
1958322,0008,5282,6575,87126.58.318.2-
1959325,0008,4992,8365,66326.28.717.4-
1960329,0008,5652,8195,74626.08.617.5-
1961329,0007,6742,9374,73723.38.914.4-
1962329,0007,5132,8404,67322.88.614.2-
1963328,0006,6722,9813,69120.39.111.3-
1964324,0006,3942,7563,63819.78.511.2-
1965319,0005,6283,0012,62717.69.48.2-
1966317,0005,3402,8652,47516.89.07.8-
1967319,0005,3092,9852,32416.69.47.3-
1968319,0005,1452,8832,26216.19.07.1-
1969323,0005,0963,0242,07215.89.46.4-
1970303,0005,3143,0702,24417.510.17.4-
1971303,0005,5623,0902,47218.410.28.2-
1972303,0005,3852,8912,49417.89.58.2-
1973303,0005,6312,9352,69618.69.78.9-
1974303,0005,6912,7472,94418.89.19.7-
1975304,0006,0072,9003,10719.89.510.2-
1976307,0005,9272,9672,96019.39.79.6-
1977310,0005,9372,8723,06519.29.39.92.14
1978319,0005,6413,2632,37817.710.27.52.05
1979320,0005,8232,9682,85518.29.38.92.10
1980324,0005,6023,2152,38717.39.97.41.99
1981327,0005,5923,0622,53017.19.47.71.87
1982330,0005,9123,0502,86217.99.28.7
1983334,0005,6513,1372,51416.99.47.5
1984337,0005,5712,9032,66816.58.67.91.95
1985340,0005,4302,8372,59316.08.47.61.95
1986347,0005,2452,8242,42115.18.17.01.93
1987350,0005,3142,9082,40615.28.36.91.97
1988353,0005,5332,7082,82515.77.78.02.06
1989356,0005,5842,6102,97415.77.38.32.10
1990360,0005,3682,7452,62314.97.67.32.04
1991364,0005,3022,8752,42714.67.96.71.99
1992368,0005,4742,9002,57414.97.97.02.07
1993371,0005,1472,6922,45513.97.26.61.97
1994375,0004,8262,6982,12812.97.25.71.84
1995377,0004,6132,7081,90512.27.25.01.77
1996380,0005,0382,7652,27313.37.36.01.99
1997383,0004,8482,8881,96012.77.55.11.93
1998385,0004,6703,0441,62612.17.94.21.84
1999388,0004,4033,0971,30611.48.03.41.73
2000390,0004,3922,9571,43511.37.63.71.68
2001393,0003,9572,9351,02210.17.52.61.48
2002396,0003,9183,0318879.97.72.21.45
2003399,0004,0503,16488610.27.92.21.48
2004401,0003,8872,9998889.77.52.21.39
2005404,0003,8583,1307289.67.81.81.38
2006406,0003,8853,2166699.67.91.61.36
2007409,0003,8713,1117609.57.61.91.35
2008410,0004,1263,24388310.17.92.21.43
2009413,0004,1433,22192210.07.82.21.42
2010415,0004,0083,0109989.77.32.41.36
2011416,0004,2833,2661,01710.37.92.41.45
2012419,0004,2313,41881310.18.21.91.42
2013423,0004,1273,2368919.97.72.21.36
2014429,0004,3113,2701,04110.17.62.51.38
2015434,0004,4243,44298210.27.92.31.37
2016437,4004,4603,3401,12010.27.62.61.37
2017460,3004,3193,5717489.47.81.61.26
2018495,3004,4443,6887569.27.61.61.23
2019514,6004,4003,7007008.67.31.3

Census per locality">Local councils of Malta">locality, 1901-2011Census of population and housing 2011, Final Report, p.3


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19011911192119311948195719671985199520052011
MALTA184,742211,564212,258241,621305,991319,620314,216345,418378,132404,962417,432
Malta164,952188,869189,697217,784278,311292,019288,238319,736349,106373,955386,057
Gozo and Comino19,79022,69522,56123,83727,68027,60125,97825,68229,02631,00731,375
Southern Harbour70,24474,95579,00187,81184,20690,70587,87986,84383,23481,04779,438
Cospicua12,14812,16411,53612,1634,8229,0959,1237,7316,0855,6575,249
Fgura2,7378,25411,04211,25811,449
Floriana5,6875,8115,9076,2415,0745,8114,9443,3272,7012,2402,014
Ħal Luqa3,6703,9453,6074,0594,3185,3825,4135,5856,1506,0725,911
Ħal Tarxien2,0652,8202,8763,2474,6077,7067,9897,0167,4127,5978,380
Ħaż‐Żabbar5,7507,0127,0448,00311,72611,00510,16712,86914,13814,67114,916
Kalkara1,1581,4911,6981,8992,0682,1011,9452,0862,8332,8822,946
Marsa4,8387,86711,56010,6729,7227,9535,3245,3444,788
Paola2,8124,3195,4757,29714,79311,42411,79411,7449,4008,8228,267
Santa Luċija3,2083,6053,1862,970
Senglea8,0938,2057,7417,6832,7565,0654,7494,1583,5283,0742,740
Valletta22,76823,00622,39222,77918,66618,20215,2799,3407,2626,3005,748
Vittoriosa6,0936,1825,8876,5733,8164,2424,0173,5723,0692,7012,489
Xgħajra6851,2431,571
Northern Harbour42,77453,74652,34763,941101,526104,889105,060113,730118,409119,332120,449
Birkirkara8,4179,5738,56510,34516,07016,98717,21320,38521,28121,85821,749
Gżira6,2958,5459,5758,4717,8727,0907,055
Ħal Qormi8,1879,4049,28610,16514,39614,86915,39818,25617,69416,55916,394
Ħamrun10,39314,60110,43411,58017,12416,89514,78713,68211,1959,5419,043
Msida2,8933,6273,3733,9906,0646,58711,4376,2196,9427,6297,748
Pembroke2,2132,9353,488
San Ġwann2,1228,17912,01112,73712,152
Santa Venera1,9102,6394,5355,2466,1347,8276,1836,0756,789
St Julian's1,4442,1642,5943,9989,1228,2857,39410,2397,3527,7528,067
Swieqi6,7218,2088,755
Ta' Xbiex1,9551,7321,8601,556
Tal‐Pietà9331,2051,8232,3443,6264,0764,3804,3073,8464,032
Tas‐Sliema10,50713,17214,36218,88024,29423,39921,00014,13712,90613,24213,621
South Eastern17,54620,41220,09023,05234,20836,85435,22442,47550,65059,37164,276
Birżebbuġa1,2191,7245,3395,2974,8765,6687,3078,56410,412
Gudja1,1331,2701,1671,2831,4861,7121,7292,1562,8822,9232,994
Ħal Għaxaq1,5181,7651,6291,8962,4482,8302,8663,6554,1264,4054,577
Ħal Kirkop6337867078051,0161,2041,2251,5591,9572,1852,283
Ħal Safi3674124594481,0407097841,3231,7311,9792,074
Marsaskala8888761,9364,7709,34611,059
Marsaxlokk4467157918291,4311,4691,4622,4052,8573,2223,366
Mqabba1,2281,3581,2821,4681,9652,0882,1202,2692,6133,0213,223
Qrendi1,3331,5221,5261,6112,1442,1552,0942,1992,3442,5352,667
Żejtun7,2348,0607,7018,73111,98011,66510,44011,32111,37911,41011,334
Żurrieq3,6544,5243,6094,2575,3596,8376,7527,9848,6849,78110,287
Western21,66624,47823,58726,39334,89936,19636,14244,58051,96157,03858,129
Ħ'Attard1,8372,0522,0582,3542,4802,6632,5705,6819,21410,40510,553
Ħad‐Dingli8079631,0871,2581,8692,0411,7952,0472,7253,3473,511
Ħal Balzan1,0961,2631,3131,6612,6372,7343,3014,7813,5603,8694,101
Ħal Lija1,6921,8251,6121,7951,9502,1192,1433,0782,4972,7972,977
Ħaż‐Żebbuġ5,4545,9505,3615,7567,4937,9698,1319,78810,39811,29211,580
Iklin3,0983,2203,169
Mdina3044828169821,384823988421377278239
Mtarfa2,4262,585
Rabat7,2118,4147,9859,05012,50312,79212,24312,92012,99511,47311,212
Siġġiewi3,2653,5293,3553,5374,5835,0554,9715,8647,0977,9318,202
Northern12,72215,27814,67216,58723,47223,37523,93332,10844,85257,16763,765
Ħal Għargħur1,3771,5121,3271,4831,6901,8131,7742,3211,9912,3522,605
Mellieħa2,3572,6752,6373,1984,5494,2904,2794,5256,2217,6768,661
Mġarr7451,0671,2711,6272,2182,1672,1152,1882,6723,0143,479
Mosta4,6295,7834,8665,2517,1867,3778,33412,14816,75418,73519,750
Naxxar3,4293,2092,8863,2494,3894,6884,6436,4619,82211,97812,875
St Paul's Bay1851,0321,6851,7793,4403,0402,7884,4657,39213,41216,395
Gozo and Comino19,79022,69522,56123,83727,68027,60125,97825,68229,02631,00731,375
Fontana893836817850882
Għajnsielem1,1211,2951,2501,4491,8781,8601,7551,8092,1762,5702,645
Għarb1,0911,4171,4021,3981,5551,2691,1179831,0301,1461,196
Għasri467428409467594471374335369418431
Munxar4205077801,0521,068
Nadur2,9483,3933,4603,3543,4654,1363,6943,4823,8824,1923,973
Qala1,2191,3681,3401,6011,5691,6161,5221,3691,4921,6161,811
San Lawrenz643558528499413428511517552598610
Ta' Kerċem1,0371,1351,1431,2121,3071,2721,2511,4111,5571,6651,718
Ta' Sannat1,1161,2431,2281,3241,6251,6561,2971,3091,6041,7251,837
Victoria5,0575,6555,2195,5316,1756,3575,4625,9686,5246,3956,252
Xagħra2,5623,1563,2623,5224,7594,0563,5173,2023,6693,9343,968
Xewkija1,7622,1352,3142,4703,0793,2812,9992,7723,1283,1113,143
Żebbuġ7679121,0061,0101,2611,1991,1661,1821,4461,7351,841

Notes:
  1. Gżira shown as a separate locality since 1948.
  2. New locality of Msieraħ constituted from parts of Birkirkara and St Julian's and is shown as separate locality in 1967.
  3. New locality of Fgura constituted from parts of Paola, Ħal Tarxien and Ħaż‐Żabbar in 1967.
  4. Marsaskala shown as a separate locality since 1957.
  5. New locality of Munxar constituted from parts of Ta' Sannat and Fontana till 1957.
  6. New locality of Fontana shown as separate locality till 1967.
  7. Gwardamangia formed part of Ħamrun in 1967.
  8. Tal‐Pietà formed part of Msida in 1967.
  9. Santa Luċija formed part of Ħal Tarxien and Paola till 1967.
  10. Ta' Xbiex formed part of Msida and Gżira till 1967.
  11. Pembroke formed part of St Julian's till 1985.
  12. Swieqi formed part of St Julian's till 1985.
  13. Xgħajra formed part of Ħaż‐Żabbar till 1985.
  14. Iklin formed part of Ħal Lija, Birkirkara, Naxxar and San Ġwann till 1985.
  15. Mtarfa formed part of Rabat till 1995.
  16. The boundaries of some localities were changed between 1995 and 2005.