Charles Garvice
Charles Garvice was a prolific British writer of over 150 romance novels, who also used the female pseudonym Caroline Hart. He was a popular author in the UK, the United States and translated around the world. He was ‘the most successful novelist in England’, according to Arnold Bennett in 1910. He published novels selling over seven million copies worldwide by 1914, and since 1913 he was selling 1.75 million books annually, a pace which he maintained at least until his death. Despite his enormous success, he was poorly received by literary critics, and is almost forgotten today.
Biography
Personal life
Charles Andrew Garvice was born on 24 August 1850 in or around Stepney, London, England, son of Mira Winter and Andrew John Garvice, a bricklayer. In 1872, he married Elizabeth Jones, and had two sons and six daughters. Garvice suffered a cerebral hemorrhage on 21 February 1920 and was in a coma eight days until his death on 1 March 1920.Until recently not much has been known about Garvice's personal life. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography said "Little.. is known of his family origins and personal life. Obscurity envelops ." John Sutherland in the Companion to Victorian Literature said "Little is known of Garvice's life." In 2010, English freelance author and editor Steve Holland did an exhaustive search of baptismal records, genealogy databases and census records to build a picture of his early life.
Garvice is buried in Richmond Cemetery. W. Somerset Maugham, who met him at The Garrick, described Garvice as "a modest, unassuming, well-mannered man. I am convinced that when he sat down to turn out another of his innumerable books, he wrote as one inspired, with all his heart and soul."
Writing career
Garvice got his professional start as a journalist. His first novel, Maurice Durant, was marginally successful in serialized form, but when published as a novel, it did not sell well. He concluded it was too long and too expensive for popular sales - this early experience taught him about the business side of writing. He would spend the next 23 years writing serialized stories for the periodicals of George Munro, who later bound and sold them as novels. Titles included A Modern Juliet, Woven in Fate's Loom, On Love's Altar, His Love So True, and A Relenting Fate. Just a Girl was very popular in the US, and its success brought him attention in the UK - from then on every novel he published became a best-seller in England. By 1913 Garvice was selling 1.75 million books annually, a pace which he maintained at least until his death. Garvice published over 150 novels, selling over seven million copies worldwide by 1914. Just a Girl was filmed in 1916. According to Garvice's agent Eveleigh Nash, Garvice's books were as "numerous in the shops and on the railway bookstalls as the leaves of Vallombrosa." He was 'the most successful novelist in England', according to Arnold Bennett in 1910.In 1904, capitalizing on his wealth as a best-selling author, Garvice bought a farm estate in Devon, where he wanted to work the land in "the genuine, dirty, Devonshire fashion." Like the characters in his novels, he romantically dreamed of a life happily ever after, lord of a country manor. He wrote about it in his one non-fiction book A Farm in Creamland.
Critical reception
Garvice's novels were formulaic predictable melodramas. They usually told the story of a virtuous woman overcoming obstacles and achieving a happy ending. He could crank out 12 or more novels a year, but "Little beyond the particulars of the heroines' hair color differentiates one from another," says modern critic Laura Sewell Matter, who found his stories "boring". Likewise contemporary critics were almost unanimous in their disregard, but he was hard to ignore because of his best-selling status. As the London Times wrote in his obituary:In contemplating why his novels were so popular, Laura Sewell Matter said:
As Charles Garvice
- Maurice Durant. London, A. Smith, 3 vols., 1875; New York, Ogilvie, n.d.; in 2 vols., as The Eyes of Love, New York, Street & Smith, n.d., and The Hearts of Youth, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Twixt Smile and Tear. New York, G. Munro, 1887.
- ’’Heart for Heart’’. New York, A. L. Burt Company, 1897.
- Her Ransom. New York, F. M. Lupton, n..d.; New York, Street & Smith, Feb 1898; as Her Ransom; or, Paid For!, Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.
- Claire. New York, F. M. Lupton, c.1890; as Claire; or, The Mistress of Court Regina, New York, J. S. Ogilvie, 1898; New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1899.
- Lorrie; or, Hollow Gold. New York, F. P. Lupton, n.d.; New York, Street & Smith, 1898; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Her Heart's Desire. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; New York, Street & Smith, 1897; London, Sands, 1900.
- Leslie's Loyalty; or, His Love So True. New York, F. M. Lupton, 18??; New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1898; Chicago, M. A. Donohue, 1900; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911; New York, Street & Smith, n.d.; as His Perfect Trust, New York, Street & Smith, 1898?; in 2 vols., as His Perfect Trust, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, c.1910, and Her Love So True, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1910.
- Out of the Past. New York, Street & Smith, October 29, 1900; There is a note on title verso from the publisher that the book had previously been published mistakenly as Marjorie's Fate by Bertha M. Clay, but they were correcting this due to information received "from the best authority".
- A Passion Flower. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Sweet Cymbeline. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; London, Newnes, 1911; New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- A Wilful Maid. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; London, Newnes, 1911; as Phillippa; or. The Wilful Maid, Chicago, M. A. Donohue, 1900.
- Lady Norah; or, The Earl’s Heir. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; as The Earl's Heir; or, Lady Norah, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.; Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.; as The Earl's Daughter. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Leola Dale's Fortune. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; New York, Street & Smith, 1901; London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- The Lady of Darracourt. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.; New York, Street & Smith, 1902; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911.
- Stella Newton. New York, F. M. Lupton, n.d.
- Married at Sight. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1889.
- Elaine. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1890; London, Newnes, 1911.
- Shadow of Her Life. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1890.
- Jeanne; or, Barriers Between. New York, F. M. Lupton, 1890?; as Jeanne; or, Love’s Triumph, New York, Street & Smith, 1902.
- Who Was the Heir?. New York, F. M. Lupton, 1890.
- Better Than Life. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1891; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910; as Better Than Life; or, Her Bitter Cup, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- On Love's Altar. New York, Munro, 1892; London, R. E. King, 1908; as A Wasted Love; or On Love’s Altar, New York, Street & Smith, 1897; as A Wasted Love; or On Love’s Altar , Chicago, M. A. Donohue, 1904; as A Wasted Love; or, On Love’s Altar by Caroline Hart, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- A Life's Mistake. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1892; London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- Once in a Life. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1892; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910; as Once in a Life; or, The Secret of Her Heart, New York, A. L. Burt, n.d..
- Paid For! New York, Munro, 1892; London, Hutchinson, 1909.
- In Cupid's Chains. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1893; London, Sands, 1902; as In Cupid’s Chains; or, A Slave For Life, New York, Street & Smith, 1908.
- Twas Love's Fault. New York, A. L. Burt, 1893; as ‘Twas Love’s Fault; or, A Young Girl’s Trust, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Queen Kate. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1894; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1909; as Queen Kate; or, A Wilful Lassie, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- The Outcast of the Family. New York, A. L. Burt, 1894; as An Outcast of the Family, London, Sands, 1900.
- His Guardian Angel; or, Wild Margaret. Chicago, M. A. Donahue, 1894; London, Newnes, 1911.
- Only One Love. Chicago, M. A. Donahue, n.d. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Stella's Fortune; or, Love the Conqueror. Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912; New York, Street & Smith, n.d.; as The Sculptor's Wooing, New York, Ogilvie, n.d.
- A Woman’s Soul; or, Doris. Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.; as A Woman’s Soul: Behind the Footlights, New York, J. S. Ogilvie, 1900.
- A Wounded Heart; or, Sweet as a Rose. Chicago, M. A. Donahue, n.d.; as Sweet as a Rose, London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- Just a Girl; or, The Strange Duchess. New York, A. L. Burt, 1895; as The Mistress of Court Regina, New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1897; London, Hutchinson, 1909; as Just a Girl, illus. Warwick Goble. London, James Bowden, 1898; as An Innocent Girl, New York, Munro, 1898.
- The Marquis. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1895.
- The Price of Honour. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- She Loved Him. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1895; London, Hutchinson, 1909; as Her Right to Love; or, She Loved Him by Caroline Hart, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- By Devious Ways. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1896.
- A Coronet of Shame. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1896; London, Sands & Co., 1900.
- His Love So True. New York, Munro, 1896.
- Heart for Heart; or. Love’s Queer Pranks. New York, A. L. Burt, 1897.
- Sydney. A wilful young woman. New York, Street & Smith, 1897?
- The Story of a Passion. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1898; London, Hutchinson, 1908.
- A Modern Juliet; or, The Unknown Future. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1898; New York, A. L. Burt, 1898; London, Pearson, 1910.
- Nell of Shorne Mills; or, One Heart’s Burden. New York, A. L. Burt, 1898; London, Hutchinson, 1908.
- A Sample of Prejudice. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1898.
- A Heritage of Hate; or, A Change of Heart. New York, A. L. Burt, 1899; London, Amalgamated Press, 1909.
- Love's Dilemma; or, Kate Meddon’s Lover. Chicago, M. A. Donahue, 1900; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1917; as Love’s Dilemma; or, For an Earldom, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.; as For an Earldom, New York, Ogilvie, n.d.
- Love, The Tyrant. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1900; London, Hutchinson, 1905.
- Nance. London, Sands, 1900.
- At Love's Cost; or, Her Rival’s Triumph. New York, A. L. Burt, 1900?; London, Hutchinson, 1909.
- Farmer Holt's Daughter. New York, Federal Book Co., 1901.
- Maida: A Child of Sorrow. New York, A. L. Burt, 1901.
- Only a Girl's Love. New York, Street & Smith, 1901; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911; abridged, New York, Bantam Books, 1980.
- With All Her Heart; or, Love Begets Faith. New York, A. L. Burt, 1901; London, Newnes, 1910.
- Diana: For Her Only. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1902; as For Her Only, New York, Street & Smith, 1902; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911.
- The Ashes of Love; or, Fickle Fortune. New York, J. S. Ogilvie, 1901?; in 2 vols. as The Ashes of Love, New York, Street & Smith, n.d., and A Heart Triumphant, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Iris; or, A Martyred Love. New York, Street & Smith, 1902?; London, Newnes, 1914; as A Martyred Love; or, The Heiress of Revels, Chicago, M. A. Donohue, 1902.
- The Heir of Vering; or, The Queen Lily. New York, Street & Smith, 1902; London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- Woman's Soul. New York, Street & Smith, 1902.
- The Spring-Time of Love. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1902; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910; as So Nearly Lost; or, Springtime of Love. New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- So Fair, So False; or, A Soul’s Devotion. New York, Street & Smith, 1902; as So Fair, So False; or. The Beauty of the Season, Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.
- My Lady Pride. New York, Street & Smith, 1902.
- Olivia; or, It was for Her Sake. New York, G. Munro's Sons, 1902?; New York, Street & Smith, 1902.
- Kyra's Fate; or, Love Knows No Bonds. New York, A. L. Burt, 1902; London, Hutchinson, 1908.
- The Usurper; or, Her Humble Lover. Chicago, M. A. Donohue, 1902; as Her Humble Lover, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1904.
- A Wounded Heart; or, Sweet as a Rose. New York, J. S. Ogilvie, 1902.
- Woven on Fate's Loom, and The Snowdrift. New York, Street & Smith, 1903; as Woven on Fate’s Loom , New York, F. P. Lupton, 1904.
- The Spider and the Fly; or, An Undesired Love: Violet. New York, J. S. Ogilvie, 1903.
- Staunch of Heart; or, Adrien Leroy’s Sacrifice. New York, Street & Smith, 1903; as Adrien Leroy, London, Newnes, 1912; Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Staunch as a Woman; or, Love’s Woe. New York, Street & Smith, 1903; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Led by Love. New York, Street & Smith, 1903.
- Linked by Fate; or, Not to be Bought. New York, A. L. Burt, 1903; London, Hutchinson, 1905.
- The Verdict of the Heart. 1903; London, Newnes, 1912; New York, Street & Smith, 1909.
- A Girl of Spirit; or, Bound By Honor. New York, A. L. Burt, 1904; London, Hutchinson, 1906; New York, Street & Smith, 1909.
- A Jest of Fate; or, Love’s Supreme Effort. New York, Munro, 1904; London, Newnes, 1909.
- Love Decides. London, Hutchinson, 1904.
- The Pride of Her Life. New York, Street & Smith, 1904.
- Won by Love’s Valor. New York, Street & Smith, 1904.
- Creatures of Destiny; or, Where Love Leads. New York, A. L. Burt, 1905.
- Edna's Secret Marriage; or. Love’s Champion. New York, A. L. Burt, 1905.
- She Trusted Him. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1905.
- Love and a Lie. New York, A. L. Burt, c.1905?; as Love and a Lie; or, The Heart of the Other Woman, New York, Street & Smith, 1907.
- The Other Woman. New York, Street & Smith, 1905.
- When Love Meets Love; or, Cynthia’s Reward. New York, Street & Smith, 1906.
- Diana's Destiny. New York, A. L. Burt, 1905; as Diana and Destiny, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1906; as Diana’s Destiny; or, Won By Faith, New York, Street & Smith, 1909.
- Where Love Leads. London, Hutchinson, 1907.
- When Love Is Young. New York, A. L. Burt, 1907; as When Love Was Young; or, The Crooked Way. New York, Street & Smith, 1910.
- The Gold in the Gutter. London, Hutchinson, 1907; as Gold in the Gutter; or, A Love Unfolded, New York, Street & Smith 1910.
- Slave of the Lake. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- Taming of Princess Olga. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- Woman Decides. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- My Lady of Snow. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- Linnie. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- Olivia and Others. London, Hutchinson, 1908.
- A Love Comedy; or, Behind the Scenes. Chicago, Stein, 1908; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
- Marcia Drayton. London, Newnes, 1908.
- The Female Editor of the “Milchester Trumpet”. Chicago, Max Stein, 1908.
- Leave Love to Itself. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- The First and Last. Chicago, Max Stein, 1908.
- In the Matter of a Letter. Chicago, Stein, 1908.
- The Rugged Path. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1908.
- In Wolf's Clothing. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1908.
- Sacrifice to Art. Chicago, Max Stein, 1909.
- The Scribblers' Club. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1909.
- The Fatal Ruby. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1909; New York, Donald W. Newton, 1909.
- By Dangerous Ways. London, Amalgamated Press, 1909; New York, A. L. Burt, n.d.
- A Fair Impostor. London, Newnes, 1909.
- Barriers Between. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- The Beauty of the Season. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- Dulcie. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910.
- A Girl from the South. London, Cassell, 1910; as A Girl from the South; or, In Love’s Hands, New York, Street & Smith, 1911.
- The Heart of a Maid. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1910; as The Heart of a Maid; or, By Love’s Still Waters, New York, Street & Smith, 1911.
- Floris. London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- Signa's Sweetheart. London, Hutchinson, 1910.
- Miss Estcourt. London, Hutchinson, 1911; as Miss Estcourt; or, Olive, New York, Street & Smith, 1912.
- My Love Kitty. London, Hutchinson, 1911; as My Love Kitty; or, Her Heart’s Bondage, New York, Street & Smith, 1912.
- That Strange Girl. London, Hutchinson, 1911.
- Violet. London, Hutchinson, 1911.
- Doris. London, Newnes, 1911.
- He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911; in two vols., as He Loves Me; or, The Fatal Mistake, New York, Street & Smith, n.d., and He Loves Me Not, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Lord of Himself. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911.
- The Other Girl. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911.
- Wicked Sir Dare. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1911; London, C. A. Pearson, 1917.
- The Woman in It. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911; New York, Street & Smith, 1911.
- Breta's Double. New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Imogene. New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Love for a Day. Philadelphia, Royal Publishing Co., n.d.
- Love of a Life Time. Philadelphia, Royal, n.d.
- Lucille. Chicago, M. A. Donohue, n.d.
- Out of the Past. New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- The Price of Honor. Philadelphia, Royal, n.d.; as The Price of Honor; or, Beyond Compare, Cleveland, Arthur Westbrooks, n.d.
- The Royal Signet. Philadelphia, Royal, n.d.
- Wasted Love. New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Nellie. New York, Street & Smith, n.d. London, Hutchinson, 1913.
- Love in a Snare. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
- Fate. London, Newnes, 1912; New York, Ogilvie, 1913.
- Fickle Fortune. London, Newnes, 1912.
- In Fine Feathers. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
- Two Maids and a Man. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912; as Two Girls and a Man, London, Wright and Brown, 1937.
- Country Love. London, Hutchinson, 1912.
- Reuben. London, Hutchinson, 1912.
- The Girl Who Was True; or, A Change of Heart. New York, Street & Smith, 1913.
- The Irony of Love; or, A Fatal Repentance. New York, Street & Smith, 1913.
- The Loom of Fate. London, Newnes, 1913.
- The Woman's Way. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1914.
- The Call of the Heart, A tale of eighty years since. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1914.
- In Exchange for Love. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1914.
- The One Girl in the World. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1915; in 2 vols. as The One Girl in the World; or, A Love Triumphant, New York, Street & Smith, n.d., and His Priceless Jewel, New York, Street & Smith, n.d.
- Love, the Adventurous. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1917.
- The Waster. London, Lloyds, 1918.
- The Girl in Love. London, Skeffington, 1919.
As Caroline Hart
- Lil, The Dancing Girl. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1909.
- Women Who Came Between. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1909.
- Nameless Bess; or, The Triumph of Innocence. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1909.
- That Awful Scar; or, Uncle Ebe’s Will. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1909.
- Vengeance of Love. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1909?
- Redeemed by Love. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1910
- A Hidden Terror; or. The Freemason’s Daughter. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1910.
- Madness of Love. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1910?
- A Working-Girl's Honor; or. Elsie Brandon’s Aristocratic Lover. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1911.
- A Woman Wronged; or, The Secret of a Crime. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1911.
- Angela's Lover. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1911.
- From Worse Than Death. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1912?
- A Strange Marriage. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, 1912.
- For Love or Honor. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- From Want to Wealth. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Game of Love. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Haunted Life. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Hearts of Fire. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Lillian's Vow. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Little Princess. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Love's Rugged Path. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Nobody's Wife. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- Rival Heiresses. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- She Loved Not Wisely. Cleveland, Arthur Westbrook, n.d.
- The Woman Who Came Between. Cleveland, Economy Books League, 1933.
Collections
- My Lady of Snow and other stories. New York. G. Munro's Sons, 1900?
- The Girl Without a Heart and other stories. London, Newnes, 1912.
- A Relenting Fate and other stories. London, Newnes, 1912.
- All Is Not Fair in Love and other stories. London, Newnes, 1913.
- The Tessacott Tragedy and other stories. London, Newnes, 1913.
- The Millionaire’s Daughter and other stories. New York, Street & Smith, 1915.
- The Girl at the 'bacca Shop. London, Skeffington, 1920.
- Miss Smith's Fortune and other stories. London, Skeffington, 1920.
Other
- Four Complete Novels. London, 1931.
- Eve and other verses. Privately printed, 1873.
- A Farm in Creamland. A book of the Devon countryside. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1911; New York, Doran, 1912.
- The Red Budget of Stories, edited by Garvice. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
- The Fisherman's Daughter.
- Marigold, with Allan F. Abbott.