Central Committee elected by the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union


The 27th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 27th Congress, and was in session from 1986 until 1990. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the 27th Politburo, the 27th Secretariat and the 27th Party Control Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

History

Election and composition

The 27th Congress witnessed the greatest turnover of Central Committee members in the party's history since 22nd Party Congress during Nikita Khrushchev's leadership. The numbers of full membership were reduced from 319 in the 26th Central Committee to 307, while candidate membership was increased from 151 to 170. Of the 307 full members elected to the 27th Central Committee, 102 were newcomers. 25 officials, who had previously served as candidate members in the 26th Central Committee, were promoted to full membership. In total 125 new full members were appointed, making up 41 percent. 182 members were reelected to the 27th Central Committee, a decrease from the 26th Congress, in which 238 were reelected. Of the 170 candidate members, 54 were reelected, while the other 116 were newcomers. The 1st Plenary Session elected Lev Zaykov to full membership in the Politburo, while Nikolay Slyunkov and Yuri Solovyev were given Politburo candidate membership. The plenum elected five newcomers to the Secretariat; Alexandra Biryukova, Anatoly Dobrynin, Vadim Medvedev, Georgy Razumovsky and Alexander Yakovlev. The 1st Plenary Session reelected Mikhail Gorbachev to the office of the general secretary.
In a similar vein, Gorbachev managed to get close advisers elected to the Central Committee. Anatoly Chernyaev and Anatoly Lukyanov, were promoted to full membership, while Valery Boldin was elected to the 27th Central Committee as a candidate member. Several figures within the Central Academy of Social Sciences, most notably Evgeny Velikhov, were appointed to the Central Committee as candidate members. Notably the 27th Congress did not reelect Richard Kosolapov, the longtime editor of the party's theoretical journal Kommunist, and was replaced by Ivan Frolov. Several Brezhnev appointed heads of Central Committee departments failed to be reelected to the Central Committee; Ivan Sakhnyuk, Kirill Simonov and Vasily Shauro. Nikolay Savkin and Vladimir Karlov were the two last remaining Central Committee departments heads appointed by Brezhnev. Of the 23 department heads, fourteen were replaced by the 1st Plenary Session. Four leading officials from the Brezhnev era, who retired from the Politburo and the Secretariat at the 27th Congress, were reelected to the Central Committee; Nikolai Tikhonov, Nikolai Baibakov, Boris Ponomarev and Vasili Kuznetsov.

Tenure

Combating party formalism; 1st–2nd Plenary Sessions

The newly elected leadership was united in supporting reforms, principally behind the slogan uskoreniye, which called for improving the Soviet economy, and to combat formalism, corruption, nepotism and centralism within the party. Beginning in March 1985, the Central Committee began criticizing the norms and organizational habits of the party; criticism increased by the discovery of corruption rings in the communist parties of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Moldavia, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. The policy of appointing officials on the basis of "personal loyalty, servility and protectionism" were blamed on the party's subpar performance in certain areas, and in areas in which this was not the case, the Central Committee focused on the lack of inner-party democracy. To strengthen party democracy, Gorbachev called for an increase in criticism and self-criticism to overcome "'paradeness, ballyhoo... the embellishment of reality". An article in Pravda noted that "In some places people try to 'prepare' the discussion in such a way as to avoid any tricky issues in it. Speeches are usually made only by 'staff' speakers, usually in a predetermined order. Things even go as far as the editing of draft texts of speeches." Meetings became ceremonial, and lacked effective power—which led local authorities to misinform the central authorities on the situation in the given area. All forms of "window-dressing", or hiding abuses of power in general, were to be stopped. In the current situation, Solovyev noted;
The main demand which the party makes under modern conditions on the party committee secretary and the staff officer is ensuring that nowhere, under no circumstances, does word part from deed since any discrepancy here causes palpable damage to the authority of our policy and cannot be tolerated in any form.

Boris Griaznov, the First Secretary of the Frunze District Party Committee, was signalled out as an official "'accustomed to stagnation, encouraged ostentation, ignored collective opinion, lost the feeling of party comradeship, and only pretended to be carrying out restructuring", while party leaders in Kazakhstan had difficulty of ridding"themselves of elements of excessive administration and a commander-like style ". The central leadership continued to highlight the party work ethics of first secretaries at every level; at the 2nd Plenary Session Gorbachev condemned certain localities of not committing themselves to the new work-style. In other cases, as noted by Gorbachev, party leaders did not know how to react to criticism or how to introduce changes, noting that "Sometimes words are substituted for deeds, no action is taken in response to criticism, and self-criticism takes the form of self-flagellation." Historian Graeme Gill asserts;
"complaints about the way in which the party was operating which resounded through the press in 1985 and 1986 amounted to a condemnation of the party's organisational culture. During the first eighteen months or so of Gorbachev's tenure as General Secretary, there seems to have been a general underestimation of the strength and sources of this culture and of what was necessary to eradicate it. The heart of the solution the Gorbachev leadership pursued was thoroughly traditional in the Soviet context, personnel.

Collectivity of leadership, and collectivism in general, was hailed as "a reliable guarantee against the adoption of volitional, subjective decisions, manifestations of the cult of personality, and the infringement of Leninist norms of party life." In tandem, the Central Committee began calling for psychological restructuring of party members. However, since the 27th Congress failed to create institutions which oversaw the implementation of these measures, individual members who had no interest in changing their work habits were not punished. The reason for the lack of oversight was Gorbachev's belief that the party was a "healthy organism", and as Graeme Gill concludes, "A healthy organism clearly did not need radical institutional surgery." When it became clear to Gorbachev that the reforms to "invigorate" the party had failed, the reform consensus within the leadership was split asunder. Gorbachev began moving in a more radical directions, while several prominent colleagues in the Politburo, Secretariat and the Central Committee opposed his new measures. The schism in the leadership led to the failure to convene the 3rd Plenary Session in the last half of 1986. Nonetheless, before the 3rd Plenary Session, the Central Committee was able to remove Dinmukhamed Konayev, the CPK First Secretary. The removal of Konayev, who was widely perceived to support an out-dated work ethic and to be corrupt, led to the Jeltoqsan riots when it was discovered that Konayev would be replaced by Gennady Kolbin, an ethnic Russian who had never lived in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Democratization: 3rd–7th Plenary Sessions

On 23 December 1985, the Politburo appointed Boris Yeltsin, an official from Sverdlovsk, First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. Gorbachev had endorsed the appointment, heeding the advice of Yegor Ligachev who personally recommended him. In contrast, Nikolai Ryzhkov told Gorbachev in private that "He will cause you only grief. I would not recommend him." Yeltsin, who had introduced himself as something of a centrist at the 27th Congress, proved himself to be a supporter of radical change, going even as far, as on 19 January 1986, of criticising Gorbachev personally for "exaggerat the changes that had occurred" during his leadership.
Gorbachev opened the 3rd Plenary Session by criticising the party's performance, claiming the party's failure to reform was due to "conservatism and inertia, lenience and lack of demandingness, toadyism and personal adulation, red tape, formalism, intolerance and suppression of criticism, ambition and careerism, administration by decree, permissiveness, mutual coverups, careerism, departmentalism, parochialism, nationalism, substitutionism, a weakening of the role of party meetings and elective bodies,embezzlement, bribery, report-padding and violation of discipline." The cure for this "disease" was "demokratizatsiya", literally the democratization of society. He called for open, democratic debates in the primary party organizations and to allow a secret ballot during plenary sessions of the district, area, city, region and territory party committees and the central committees of the republican parties to elect the executive organs. This was an attack on the nomenklatura, a system in which leading officials appointed the cadres at the level below, the basis of the Soviet system. The plenary session opposed his suggestions, and while his criticisms were mentioned in the Resolution of the 3rd Plenary Session, the idea of multi-candidate elections within the Party were omitted from the text.
In preparation of the 4th Plenary Session, Gorbachev had prepared a speech on Soviet and Party history. In it he condemned the rule of Joseph Stalin and Stalinism in general, but the speech was amended by Politburo. Conservatives such as Ligachev, Andrei Gromyko, Mikhail Solomentsev and Vitaly Vorotnikov did not share Gorbachev's views, or at least, did not support a public anti-Stalinist proclamation. Despite the conservative reaction, Gorbachev was able to rehabilitate Nikolay Bukharin and Nikita Khrushchev, while referring to Stalin's repressive regime as "immense and unpardonable".
The 4th Plenary Session was supposed to discuss economic reforms, but instead of focusing on the matter at hand Yeltsin, according to Gorbachev, attacked the speed of perestroika, the work of the Secretariat and Ligachev personally. From this point on, the relationship between Gorbachev and Yeltsin would only grow worse—however, by this time, the press mistakenly had begun to present Yeltsin as Gorbachev's closest reformist associate in the Politburo. In the summer of 1987, when Gorbachev was on vacation, Ligachev led the party apparatus. On 10 September he organized an Inquiry Commission of the Central Committee to investigate the performance of the Moscow City Committee under Yeltsin's stewardship—Yeltsin reacted to the inquiry by becoming the first Politburo member in history to willingly resign from his seat. In respsonse Gorbachev told Yeltsin they could discuss the situation after the 70th Anniversary of the October Revolution. At the 5th Plenary Session, which was devoted to the aforementioned anniversary, Yeltsin completely broke by protocol by denouncing Gorbachev and Ligachev personally, and resigned from the Politburo. The central leadership reacted in kind, by criticizing him at the plenary session; Yakovlev contended that he had been "reacting immaturely to 'petty offenses'", while Ryzhkov accused him of being driven by "ambition pure and simple". Soon after his resignation, Yeltsin was hospitalized, either for suffering a heart attack or for "a fake suicide attempt with scissors". At a session of the Moscow City Committee on 11 November 1987, the party leadership dragged Yeltsin out of the hospital and forced him to attend the meeting in which he was relieved of his duties as First Secretary and unceremoniously humiliated. The meeting proved to be a mistake; the Soviet populace began sympathising with Yeltsin—a problem which was compounded "by the mistake" of Gorbachev attending the Moscow City Committee session. In the aftermath, Yeltsin was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Construction, but was told on the day of his appointment by Gorbachev that he could not participate in politics.
At the 6th Plenary Session Ligachev delivered the first speech, the first time that Gorbachev had not done so himself. Ligachev attacked what he perceived as the excesses of glasnost, the influence of rock music in society, "the blackening of Soviet history" and the failure of the leadership to do anything with the growing nationalism in the republics. Gorbachev did not speak until the second day of the plenum, and gave a defensive speech in which he defended his reform efforts but called for the establishment of a "middle ground" in which balanced Soviet historiography and supported using Soviet patriotism to counter the rising nationalism in the republics. The plenary session relieved Yeltsin of his duties as candidate member of the Politburo and member of the Secretariat, and elected Razumovsky and Yuri Maslyukov to Politburo candidate membership. Leading conservative figures, such as General Dmitry Yazov, had begun criticising Gorbachev's democratising policies openly in December 1987, claiming they weakened the honour of the Soviet military, while party first secretaries in the republics called for a tightening of party control in reaction to the growing nationalism amongst the populace.
In between the 6th and the 7th plenary sessions, the Nina Andreyeva Affair took place. Andreyeva, "an hitherto unknown lecturer at a Leningrad chemical institute, wrote an article in Sovetskaya Rossiya titled "I Cannot Forsake My Principles". She condemned Gorbachev's reforms and called for their reversal. She criticized the Gorbachev leadership's habit of opening the previous black spots in Soviet history, which she claimed only helped to denigrate the Soviet past. In addition, the article is notable for its anti-semitism; of all the Jews mentioned, only Karl Marx was not accused of participating in blackening of Soviet history and destroying the Soviet order. The importance of the article does not lay in its author, but rather how it was interpreted by the forces in the Central Committee — both conservatives, centrists and reformers fought Nina Andreyeva was a pseudonym used by a high-standing official. It was consistently referred to posthumously as "an anti-perestroika manifesto". The publication of the article had been chosen carefully by conservative forces within the Central Committee apparatus and Valentin Chikin, the editor-in-chief of Sovetskaya Rossiya, and it was published on 13 March to coincide with Gorbachev's visit to Yugoslavia and Yavkovlev's visit to Mongolia on 14 March. With both of the leading reformers gone, the conservative Ligachev was in charge of the Central Committee apparatus. Ligachev endorsed the article, stating it was "a benchmark for what we need in our ideology today." In the words of historian Archie Brown "Old habits of prudence rapidly reasserted themselves in the face of an apparent signal of change in the balance of forces at the top of the party hierarchy and of a return to a time when dissenting intellectuals would no longer be treated with tolerance." Upon his return on 18 March, Gorbachev discussed it with the Politburo. To his surprise several of his colleagues supported the content of the article, among them Vorotnikov, Gromyko, Ligachev, Solomentsev and Viktor Nikonov. The article was discussed in the 24–26 March Politburo meeting, in which the aforementioned conservatives alongside Viktor Chebrikov, the Chairman of the KGB, and Anatoly Lukyanov, a close associate of Gorbachev and the Head of the General Department, supported the article. Chebrikov condemned the criticisms of the Soviet system which had appeared with Gorbachev's reforms, and lamented the scheming "of our ideological adversary". Despite forming a majority, the conservatives did not opt for removing Gorbachev, largely because the institution of General Secretary still meant something in Soviet politics. Gorbachev insisted that every Politburo member had to openly state their position on the matter; Yakovlev, Ryzhkov, Medvedev and Eduard Shevardnadze condemned the article. In light of the pro-reformist stance of this mentioned, and Gorbachev himself, they managed to push the conservatives on the defensive, and got their approval to publish a formal reply to the article.
In light of this event, Gorbachev would seek to consolidate his power within the apparatus even further, especially in the Secretariat. In his first years as General Secretary, Gorbachev had never chaired a meeting of the Secretariat, leaving that responsibility to the conservative. But in light of the strong backing the Andreyeva article had in the Central Committee apparatus, Gorbachev chaired the first Secretariat meetings in the affair's aftermath.

Plenums

;Departments
;After reorganization
;Commissions
;Journals, magazines and newspapers:
;Educational institutes

Members

Listed in alphabetical order
  1. Sergey Alexandrovich Afanasyev #
  2. Viktor Grigoryevich Afanasyev
  3. Sergey Fyodorovich Akhromeyev
  4. Alexander Nikiforovich Aksyonov
  5. Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov #
  6. Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev #
  7. Alexander Terentyevich Altunin #
  8. Vladimir Petrovich Anishchev
  9. Alexey Konstantinovich Antonov #
  10. Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov
  11. Boris Ivanovich Aristov
  12. Ivan Vasilyevich Arkhipov #
  13. Vladimir Mikhaylovich Arkhipov
  14. Yerkin Nurzhanovich Auelbekov
  15. Kamran Baghirov #
  16. Nikolay Konstantinovich Baibakov #
  17. Vadim Viktorovich Bakatin
  18. Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev #
  19. Boris Vladimirovich Bakin
  20. Oleg Dmitriyevich Baklanov
  21. Anatoly Nikiforovich Balandin
  22. Yury Nikolayevich Balandin
  23. Boris Vladimirovich Balmont #
  24. Gennady Georgiyevich Bartoshevich
  25. Sergey Vasilyevich Bashilov #
  26. Gennady Sergeyevich Bashtanyuk
  27. Yury Petrovich Batalin
  28. Vladimir Nikolayevich Bazovsky
  29. Igor Sergeyevich Belousov
  30. Oleg Sergeyevich Belyakov
  31. Anatoly Ivanovich Beryozin
  32. Alexandra Pavlovna Biryukova
  33. Filipp Denisovich Bobkov
  34. Gennady Pavlovich Bogomyakov
  35. Ivan Sergeyevich Boldyryov
  36. Vasily Mikhaylovich Borisenkov
  37. Leonid Alexandrovich Borodin #
  38. Viktor Grigoryevich Boyko
  39. Vladimir Ignatyevich Brovikov
  40. Boris Pavlovich Bugayev
  41. Alexander Borisovich Chakovsky
  42. Yevgeny Ivanovich Chazov
  43. Viktor Mikhaylovich Chebrikov
  44. Vasily Mikhaylovich Cherdintsev
  45. Valentina Nikolayevna Cherkashina
  46. Vladimir Nikolayevich Chernavin
  47. Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin
  48. Anatoly Sergeyevich Chernyayev
  49. Stepan Vasilyevich Chervonenko
  50. Vladimir Stepanovich Chicherov
  51. Vladimir Grigoryevich Chirskov
  52. Alexey Klementyevich Chyorny
  53. Pyotr Nilovich Demichev #
  54. Vasily Petrovich Demidenko #
  55. Karen Demirchyan #
  56. Vasily Alexandrovich Dinkov
  57. Viktov Fyodorovich Dobrik #
  58. Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin
  59. Vladimir Ivanovich Dolgikh #
  60. Pavel Stefanovich Fedirko
  61. Pyotr Nikolayevich Fedoseyev
  62. Alexander Pavlovich Filatov
  63. Pavel Vasilyevich Finogenov
  64. Vladimir Konstantinovich Foteyev
  65. Ivan Timofeyevich Frolov
  66. Dmitry Nikolayevich Gagarov
  67. Anatoly Nikolayevich Gerasimov
  68. Ivan Alexandrovich Gerasimov #
  69. Valentin Petrovich Glushko
  70. Mariya Arkhipovna Golubeva
  71. Valentina Nikolayevna Golubeva
  72. Boris Trofimovich Goncharenko
  73. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
  74. Leonid Alexandrovich Gorshkov
  75. Sergey Georgiyevich Gorshkov
  76. Boris Ivanovich Gostev
  77. Vladimir Leonidovich Govorov
  78. Leonid Ivanovich Grekov
  79. Anatoly Ivanovich Gribkov #
  80. Petras Griškevičius
  81. Pyotr Semyonovich Grishchenko
  82. Mariya Sergeyevna Gromova #
  83. Andrey Andreyevich Gromyko #
  84. Semion Grossu
  85. Alexander Fyodorovich Gudkov #
  86. Vladimir Kuzmich Gusev
  87. Ivan Stepanovich Gustov
  88. Timofey Borisovich Guzhenko #
  89. Vadim Nikolayevich Ignatov
  90. Yevgeny Filippovich Ivanovsky #
  91. Yevgeny Viktorovich Kachalovsky
  92. Dmitry Ivanovich Kachin
  93. Boris Vasilyevich Kachura
  94. Vladimir Ilyich Kalashnikov
  95. Vladimir Mikhaylovich Kamentsev
  96. Alexander Semyonovich Kapto
  97. Vladimir Alexeyevich Karlov
  98. Yevdokiya Fyodorovna Karpova #
  99. Konstantin Fyodorovich Katushev
  100. Vasily Mikhaylovich Kavun
  101. Leonid Davydovich Kazakov
  102. Vladimir Yakovlevich Khodyryov
  103. Alexander Alexandrovich Khomyakov
  104. Yury Nikolayevich Khristoradnov
  105. Mikhail Ivanovich Klepikov
  106. Ivan Yefimovich Klimenko #
  107. Vladimir Grigoryevich Klyuyev #
  108. Mikhail Alexandrovich Knyazyuk
  109. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Kochemasov
  110. Gennady Vasilyevich Kolbin
  111. Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov
  112. Alexander Yakovlevich Kolesnikov
  113. Vladislav Grigoryevich Kolesnikov
  114. Serafim Vasilyevich Kolpakov
  115. Nikolay Semyonovich Konaryov
  116. Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Konayev
  117. Boris Vsevolodovich Konoplyov #
  118. Georgy Markovich Korniyenko #
  119. Anatoly Maximovich Korolyov
  120. Vitaly Semyonovich Kostin
  121. Mikhail Vasilyevich Kovalyov
  122. Nikolay Yefimovich Kruchina
  123. Zinaida Mikhaylovna Kruglova #
  124. Vladimir Alexandrovich Kryuchkov
  125. Fyodor Mikhaylovich Kulikov
  126. Viktor Georgiyevich Kulikov #
  127. Valentin Alexandrovich Kuptsov
  128. Semyon Konstantinovich Kurkotkin #
  129. Vasily Vasilyevich Kuznetsov #
  130. Nikolay Vasilyevich Lemayev
  131. Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev
  132. Yury Ivanovich Litvintsev
  133. Alexey Dmitriyevich Lizichev
  134. Anatoly Alexeyevich Logunov
  135. Viktor Pavlovich Lomakin
  136. Pyotr Fadeevich Lomako #
  137. Vladimir Grigoryevich Lomonosov
  138. Fyodor Ivanovich Loshchenkov
  139. Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov
  140. Anatoly Pavlovich Lushchikov
  141. Pyotr Georgiyevich Lushev
  142. Ivan Kondratyevich Lutak #
  143. Alexander Pavlovich Lyashko #
  144. Viktor Sergeyevich Makarenko #
  145. Qahhor Makhkamovich Makhkamov
  146. Yury Pavlovich Maksimov
  147. Nikolay Ivanovich Malkov
  148. Anatoly Alexandrovich Malofeyev
  149. Viktor Fyodorovich Maltsev #
  150. Vasily Mikhaylovich Malykhin
  151. Yury Alexeyevich Manayenkov
  152. Sergey Iosifovich Manyakin
  153. Gury Ivanovich Marchuk
  154. Georgy Mokeyevich Markov
  155. Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev
  156. Nikolay Ivanovich Maslennikov
  157. Yuri Dmitriyevich Maslyukov
  158. Anatoly Ivanovich Mayorets
  159. Vadim Andreyevich Medvedev
  160. Alexander Grigoryevich Melnikov
  161. Marat Samiyevich Mendybayev
  162. Valentin Karpovich Mesyats
  163. Vasily Petrovich Mironov
  164. Oleg Semyonovich Miroshikhin
  165. Viktor Maximovich Mishin
  166. Fyodor Trofimovich Morgun
  167. Ivan Pavlovich Morozov
  168. Dmitry Konstantinovich Motorny
  169. Ivan Alexeyevich Mozgovoy #
  170. Vsevolod Serafimovich Murakhovsky
  171. Yevgeny Fyodorovich Muravyov #
  172. Alexey Pavlovich Myasnikov
  173. Vladislav Petrovich Mysnichenko
  174. Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev
  175. Viktor Petrovich Nikonov
  176. Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov
  177. Anatoly Petrovich Nochyovkin #
  178. Genrikh Vasilyevich Novozhilov
  179. Vladimir Yevgenyevich Odintsov #
  180. Nikolay Vasilyevich Ogarkov #
  181. Vladimir Pavlovich Orlov
  182. Konstantin Nikolayevich Panov
  183. Yemelyan Nikolayevich Parubok
  184. Jumber Ilyich Patiashvili
  185. Boris Yevgenyevich Paton
  186. Vladimir Yakovlevich Pavlov
  187. Nina Vasilyevna Pereverzeva
  188. Erlen Kirikovich Pervyshin
  189. Vasily Ivanovich Petrov #
  190. Vladislav Alexeyevich Petrov
  191. Yury Vladimirovich Petrov
  192. Alexander Nikolayevich Plekhanov
  193. Pyotr Stepanovich Pleshakov
  194. Valentina Nikolayevna Pletnyova
  195. Ivan Kuzmich Polozkov
  196. Viktor Nikolayevich Polyakov #
  197. Alexey Filippovich Ponomaryov
  198. Boris Nikolayevich Ponomaryov #
  199. Mikhail Alexandrovich Ponomaryov #
  200. Nikolay Sergeyevich Popov
  201. Filipp Vasilyevich Popov
  202. Ilya Pavlovich Prokopyev #
  203. Yury Nikolayevich Prokopyev
  204. Vladimir Nikolayevich Ptitsyn #
  205. Nikolay Andreyevich Pugin
  206. Boris Pugo
  207. Oleg Borisovich Rakhmanin #
  208. Yevgeny Zotovich Razumov
  209. Georgy Petrovich Razumovsky
  210. Alexander Mikhaylovich Rekunkov #
  211. Anatoly Antonovich Reut
  212. Grigory Ivanovich Revenko
  213. Yakov Petrovich Ryabov
  214. Anatoly Yakovlevich Rybakov
  215. Vasily Nazarovich Rykov #
  216. Nikolay Ivanovich Ryzhkov
  217. Kakimbek Salykov
  218. Nikolay Ivanovich Savinkin #
  219. Valery Timofeyevich Saykin
  220. Anatoly Pavlovich Sazonov
  221. Vitaly Mikhaylovich Shabanov
  222. Midkhat Zakirovich Shakirov
  223. Stepan Alexeyevich Shalayev
  224. Vaily Alexandrovich Shamshin
  225. Leonid Vasilyevich Sharin
  226. Mikhail Ivanovich Shchadov
  227. Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina
  228. Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky
  229. Eduard Amvrosiyevich Shevardnadze
  230. Valentina Semyonovna Shevchenko
  231. Mikhail Sergeyevich Shkabardnya
  232. Alexey Mikhaylovich Shkolnikov
  233. Yevgeny Alexandrovich Shulyak
  234. Ivan Stepanovich Silayev
  235. Vasily Ivanovich Sitnikov
  236. Yevgeny Ivanovich Sizenko
  237. Yefim Pavlovich Slavsky
  238. Nikolay Nikitovich Slyunkov
  239. Mikhail Sergeyevich Smirtyukov
  240. Pavel Alexandrovich Smolsky
  241. Valentin Inanovich Smyslov
  242. Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov #
  243. Yefrem Yevseyevich Sokolov
  244. Mikhail Sergeyevich Solomentsev #
  245. Yury Filippovich Solovyov
  246. Vladimir Sevastyanovich Stepanov
  247. Yegor Semyonovich Stroyev
  248. Bois Ivanovich Stukalin
  249. Apollon Sergeyevich Systsov
  250. Fikryat Akhmedzhanovich Tabeyev
  251. Nikolay Vasilyevich Talyzin
  252. Vasily Nikolayevich Taratuta
  253. Georgy Stanislavovich Tarazevich
  254. Nikolay Fyodorovich Tatarchuk
  255. Pyotr Maximovich Telepnyov
  256. Vladimir Ivanovich Terebilov #
  257. Nikolay Dmitriyevich Tereshchenko
  258. Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova
  259. Vladimir Porfiryevich Tikhomirov
  260. Nikolay Alexandrovich Tikhonov #
  261. Alexey Antonovich Titarenko #
  262. Lev Nikolayevich Tolkunov
  263. Vladimir Fyodorovich Tolubko
  264. Ivan Moiseyevich Tretyak
  265. Pyotr Ivanovich Tretyakov #
  266. Yury Nikolayevich Trofimov
  267. Mikhail Petrovich Trunov #
  268. Yevgeny Mikhaylovich Tyazhelnikov
  269. Raisa Silantyevna Udalaya
  270. Gumer Ismagilovich Usmanov
  271. Inomjon Buzrukovich Usmonxo‘jayev
  272. Vladimir Fyodorovich Utkin
  273. Karl Vaino
  274. Grigory Ivanovich Vashchenko
  275. Nikolay Fyodorovich Vasilyev
  276. Gennady Fyodorovich Vedernikov
  277. Vladimir Makarovich Velichko
  278. Alexander Vladimirovich Vlasov
  279. Boris Mikhaylovich Volodin
  280. Arkady Ivanovich Volsky
  281. Lev Alexeyevich Voronin
  282. Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
  283. Mikhail Gavrilovich Voropayev
  284. Vitaly Ivanovich Vorotnikov
  285. Augusts Voss
  286. Anatoly Fomich Voystroychenko
  287. Gennady Alexeyevich Yagodin
  288. Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev
  289. Alexander Nikolayevich Yefimov
  290. Anatoly Grigoryevich Yegorov #
  291. Yury Nikiforovich Yelchenko
  292. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin
  293. Nikolay Pavlovich Yemokhonov
  294. Nikolay Spiridonovich Yermakov
  295. Lev Borisovich Yermin #
  296. Nelli Mikhaylovna Yershova
  297. Alexander Alexandrovich Yezhevsky #
  298. Magomed Yusupovich Yusupov
  299. Vadim Valentinovich Zagladin
  300. Vasily Georgiyevich Zakharov
  301. Leonid Mitrofanovich Zamyatin
  302. Vladimir Andreyevich Zatvornitsky
  303. Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov
  304. Mikhail Mitrofanovich Zaytsev #
  305. Mikhail Vasilyevich Zimyanin #
  306. Grigory Sergeyevich Zolotukhin
  307. Viktor Ilyich Zorkaltsev

    Candidates

Listed in alphabetical order
  1. Veniamin Georgiyevich Afonin
  2. Geny Yevgenyevich Ageyev
  3. Timur Agzamovich Alimov
  4. Georgy Vasilyevich Alyoshin
  5. Nikolay Afanasyevich Antonov
  6. Makhmut Maripovich Aripdzhanov
  7. Alexander Alexandrovich Babenko
  8. Anatoly Geogriyevich Basistov
  9. Boris Terentyevich Batsanov
  10. Valery Alexandrovich Belikov
  11. Anatoly Mikhaylovich Belyakov
  12. Leonid Alexeyevich Bibin
  13. Ratmir Stepanovich Bobovikov
  14. Leonid Fyodorovich Bobykin
  15. Valery Ivanovich Boldin
  16. Zoya Ivanovna Borovikova
  17. Yevgeny Alexeyevich Brakov
  18. Vladimir Arkadyevich Brezhnev
  19. Karen Nersesovich Brutents
  20. Lidiya Dmitriyevna Bryzga
  21. Alexander Dmitriyevich Budyka
  22. Sergey Petrovich Burenkov
  23. Mikhail Ivanovich Busygin
  24. Ivan Petrovich Călin
  25. Boris Nikolayevich Chaplin
  26. Yevgeny Mikhaylovich Chekharin
  27. Ivan Mikhaylovich Cherepanov
  28. Valentin Vasilyevich Chikin
  29. Nikolay Grigoryevich Davydov
  30. Viktor Vladimirovich Dementsev
  31. Ivan Nikolayevich Dmitriyev
  32. Valentin Ivanovich Dmitriyev
  33. Nikolay Kirillovich Dybenko
  34. Ismail Dzhabbarov
  35. Valentin Mikhaylovich Falin
  36. Konstantin Yefimovich Fomichenko
  37. Konstantin Vasilyevich Frolov
  38. Natalya Vladimirovna Gellert
  39. Andrey Nikolayevich Girenko
  40. Ivan Ivanovich Gladky
  41. Nikolay Timofeyevich Glushkov
  42. Marat Vladimirovich Gramov
  43. Nikolay Matveyevich Gribachyov
  44. Vladimir Viktorovich Grigoryev
  45. Ivan Grigoryevich Grintsov
  46. Alexander Terentyevich Honchar
  47. Leonid Fyodorovich Ilyichyov
  48. Tatyana Georgiyevna Ivanova
  49. Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko
  50. Alexander Ivanovich Iyevlev
  51. Gayrat Kamidullayevich Kadyrov
  52. Zakash Kamalidenovich Kamalidenov
  53. Alexey Stepanovich Kamay
  54. Ivan Matveyevich Kapitanets
  55. Yury Sergeyevich Karabasov
  56. Vladimir Vasilyevich Karpov
  57. Valentina Alexandrovna Kasimova
  58. Vasily Ivanovich Kazakov
  59. Izatullo Khayoyev
  60. Leonid Ivanovich Khitrun
  61. Tikhon Nikolayevich Khrennikov
  62. Tukhtakhon Bazarovna Kirgizbayeva
  63. Gennady Nikolayevich Kiselyov
  64. Stepan Vasilyevich Kleyko
  65. Leonid Gerasimovich Klyotskov
  66. Yury Petrovich Kochetkov
  67. Alexey Yefimovich Kolbeshkin
  68. Georgy Dmitriyevich Kolmogorov
  69. Yury Afanasyevich Kolomiyets
  70. Nikolay Dmitriyevich Komarov
  71. Vasily Nikolayevich Konovalov
  72. Anatoly Ustinovich Konstantinov
  73. Valentin Afanasyevich Koptyug
  74. Alexander Gavrilovich Korkin
  75. Mikhail Gavrilovich Korolyov
  76. Temirbek Kudaybergenovich Koshoyev
  77. Yevgeny Alexandrovich Kozlovsky
  78. Boris Vasilyevich Kravtsov
  79. Vasily Dmitriyevich Kryuchkov
  80. Orazbek Sultanovich Kuanyshev
  81. Lev Alexandrovich Kulidzhanov
  82. Yuly Alexandrovich Kvitsinsky
  83. Ivan Dmitriyevich Laptev
  84. Vladimir Vladimirovich Listov
  85. Yury Ivanovich Lobov
  86. Vadim Petrovich Loginov
  87. Pyotr Kirillovich Luchinsky
  88. Vladimir Matveyevich Lukyanenko
  89. Nikolay Mitrofanovich Lunkov
  90. Salidzhan Mamarasulov
  91. Vitaly Andreyevich Masol
  92. Mikhail Ivanovich Matafonov
  93. Tengiz Nikolayevich Menteshashvili
  94. Galina Vladimirovna Merkulova
  95. Guram Archilovich Metonidze
  96. Alexander Grigoryevich Meshkov
  97. Viktor Ivanovich Mironenko
  98. Pavel Petrovich Mozhayev
  99. Salamat Mukashev
  100. Rysbek Myrzashev
  101. Mikhail Fyodorovich Nenashev
  102. Vladilen Valentinovich Nikitin
  103. Valentin Mikhaylovich Nikiforov
  104. Boris Vasilyevich Nikolsky
  105. Ivan Filippovich Obraztsov
  106. Vladimir Vasilyevich Osipov
  107. Yury Anatolyevich Ovchinnikov
  108. Valentina Romanovna Parshina
  109. Pyotr Andreyevich Paskar
  110. Nikolay Antonovich Pavlov
  111. Ivan Alexeyevich Pentyukhov
  112. Alexey Georgiyevich Petrishchev
  113. Yevgeny Mikhaylovich Podolsky
  114. Yakov Petrovich Pogrebnyak
  115. Mikhail Danilovich Popkov
  116. Nikolay Ivanovich Popov
  117. Grigory Andreyevich Posibeyev
  118. Yevgeny Maximovich Primakov
  119. Albert Ivanovich Rachkov
  120. Leonid Vladimirovich Radyukevich
  121. Vladimir Ivanovich Reshetilov
  122. Viktor Smyonovich Rodin
  123. Dmitry Vasilyevich Romanin
  124. Ivan Kharitonovich Romazan
  125. Yury Yanovich Ruben
  126. Alexey Mironovich Rybakov
  127. Mikhail Borisovich Ryzhikov
  128. Vytautas Vladovich Sakalauskas
  129. Akil Umurzakovich Salimov
  130. Fadey Tachatovich Sargsyan
  131. Bruno Eduardovich Saul
  132. Gasan Neymat ogly Seidov
  133. Lev Borisovich Shapiro
  134. Arkady Nikolayevich Shchepetilnikov
  135. Sergey Georgiyevich Shcherbakov
  136. Grigory Chooduyevich Shirshin
  137. Alexander Ivanovich Shitov
  138. Nikolay Mikhaylovich Shubnikov
  139. Vladimir Mikhaylovich Shuralyov
  140. Vladimir Vasilyevich Sidorov
  141. Ivan Ivanovich Skiba
  142. Yury Alexandrovich Sklyarov
  143. Pyotr Yakovlevich Slyozko
  144. Georgy Lukich Smirnov
  145. Viktor Ilyich Smirnov
  146. Boris Vasilyevich Snetkov
  147. Vitaly Alxeyevich Sologub
  148. Alexey Ivanovich Sorokin
  149. Lev Nikolayevich Spiridonov
  150. Nikolay Alexeyevich Stashenkov
  151. Vladimir Ivanovich Toropov
  152. Oleg Alexandrovich Troyanovsky
  153. Gennady Ivanovich Ulanov
  154. Yury Nikolayevich Valov
  155. Valentin Ivanovich Varennikov
  156. Yevgeny Andreyevich Varnachyov
  157. Lev Borisovich Vasilyev
  158. Igor Ivanovich Velichko
  159. Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov
  160. Ivan Maximovich Vladychenko
  161. Gennady Petrovich Voronovsky
  162. Ivan Pavlovich Yastrebov
  163. Bally Yazkuliyev
  164. Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov
  165. Anatoly Stepanovich Yefimov
  166. Georgy Mikhaylovich Yegorov
  167. Yevgeny Alexandrovich Yeliseyev
  168. Filipp Timofeyevich Yermash
  169. Vladimir Andreyevich Zakharov
  170. Yury Alexandroich Zhukov

    Citations