Bro Gwened


Gwened, Bro-Gwened or Vannetais is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France. It is considered part of Lower Brittany.
Bro-Gwened was an early medieval principality or kingdom around Vannes in Armorica, lasting from around 490 to around 635. It was peopled by Christianized Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain, who displaced or assimilated the remaining pagan Veneti Gauls. Its bishop and court was at Gwened, the site of the former Roman settlement of Darioritum and the present French city of Vannes.
Today its territories are included within the modern French department of Morbihan.

Name

The Breton placename plou initially meant a tribe, but came to signify its territory as well. The standard Breton form of the name mutates Gwened, the Breton name for Vannes, while the local dialect leaves it unchanged as "Bro-Gwened". The modern French name derives from adjectival form of Vannes. Both Gwened and Vannes reflect separate developments of the Latin Veneti , the Romans' name for the Gaulish tribe in the area.
The historic realm was also known as Bro Erec or Bro Waroch or by numerous variant spellings, although it is unclear whether the namesake Gwereg was Waroch I or II.

History

The land was allegedly founded by Caradog Strongarm. In the early 6th century, Macliau served as one of the earliest bishops of Vannes prior to usurping his nephew's inheritance in neighboring Cornouaille. He may have also been king of Broerec or simply the refugee guest of Conmor. Major settlements at this time included Gwened and Lokmaria. In the mid-7th century, Bro Gwened was united with Domnonia under its king Saint Judicaël, who was descended from a daughter of Waroch. Domnonia's rulers thenceforth reigned as the high kings of Brittany, with Bro Gwened forming part of their lands.

Dialect

The dialect of Gwened's present inhabitants is known in Breton as Gwenedeg and in French as Vannetais. It is distinct from that of the other regions of Brittany to the point of near unintelligibility. A primary distinction is that the Gwened dialect has paralleled Gaelic in developing earlier into rather than ;, meanwhile, has disappeared completely rather than merge with as in Leon although there are certain parts of Gwened where it is still used as an initial mutation of d and t and sometimes in the middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton or θ where the other dialects substituted d or z which would be hiziv or hidiv in the other dialects ). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels, places stress on the final syllables of words, rather than on the penultimate syllable, and has completely lost its original 2nd person singular pronoun.

Tartan

As a historic Breton county, Bro-Wened is registered as an official tartan with the British government.