During the 3rd century BC, the Barcids comprised one of the leading families in the ruling oligarchy of Carthage. Realizing that the expansion of the Roman Republic into the Mediterranean Sea threatened the mercantile power of Carthage, they fought in the First Punic War and prepared themselves for the Second Punic War. The Barcids founded several Carthaginian cities in the Iberian peninsula, some of which still exist today. Note for example Mahón and Qart Hadast which currently bears the name of Cartagena in modern-day Spain. The name is also commonly given as an etymology for Barcelona.
Family members
The known members of this family included the following. The patriarch, Hamilcar Barca, served as a Carthaginian general in the First Punic War and in the subsequent Mercenary War. Reputedly, he made his eldest son Hannibal swear a sacred oath upon an altar of the gods "to never be a friend of Rome". After the Roman victory, he expanded the colonial possessions in Hispania, where he drowned crossing a river. Hamilcar Barca and his wife had six children. Their three sons each became famous military leaders in their own right. Their three daughters married Barcid family allies.
*Hasdrubal the Fair, Hamilcar's son-in-law, followed Hamilcar in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. After Hamilcar's death, Hasdrubal succeeded him in the command and extended the newly acquired empire by skilful diplomacy. He consolidated it with the foundation of Carthago Nova, establishing it as the capital of the new province in Hispania. By a treaty with Rome he fixed the Ebro as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a Celtic assassin.
Hannibal oldest son of Hamilcar Barca, one of the best and most famous generals of classical antiquity, and arguably the greatest enemy of the Roman Republic. He won the famous Battle of Cannae but lost the crucial Battle of Zama. Hannibal achieved popular fame for his crossing of the Alps with 60,000 soldiers and 38 elephants.
Hasdrubal, the second son of Hamilcar Barca, defended the Carthaginian cities in Hispania as Hannibal departed to Italy in 218 BC. While leading reinforcements for his brother Hannibal in 207 BC, he was defeated and killed in the decisive Battle of the Metaurus.
Mago , the third son of Hamilcar Barca, was present at most of the battles of his famous brother and played a key role in many of them, often commanding the forces that made the "decisive push".
